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Best Management Practices for Community Composters
1. Linda Bilsens Brolis
Project Manager, Composting for Community Initiative
Institute for Local Self-Reliance
January 23rd, 2018
Cultivating Community Composting Forum
USCC Conference, Atlanta
Best Management Practices for
Community Composting
2. What is Community Composting?
It involves a relatively small-scale
system in which material is
converted into compost within a
local community.
โข Local control, community access,
sometimes community
ownership
โข Organic materials and nutrients
remain and are cycled within the
community
Growing Local Fertility: A Guide to Community Composting, ILSR
3. Why BMPs for Community-Scale?
๏ผTo ensure public safety (extreme)
๏ผTo prevent public nuisances (real or perceived)
Community-Scale is:
๏ผGenerally exempt from permitting requirements
๏ผOften managed by volunteers
๏ผGREAT for educating the public about
compostingโฆbut not if mismanaged
5. How do BMPs changeโฆ
Based on:
๏ผScale?
๏ผFeedstocks?
๏ผEnd use?
๏ผUrban vs rural?
How do we set a high bar for community composting,
while not discouraging potential composters?
6. For This Presentation
Focus on:
๏ผCommunity sites composting yard / garden / food scraps on-
site
๏ผSites accepting yard / garden / food scraps from off-site
๏ผSites producing a product being used for food production
Not discussing:
๏ผBackyard composting
๏ผFarms composting only their agriculture wastes
๏ผOn-farm specific feedstocks like manures & animal
mortalities
๏ผSolid waste composting
7. BMPs: Before You Begin
Do your homework
๏ผTraining!
๏ผMap out a plan: goal & team
๏ผWhat local resources do you have access to?
๏ผWhat rules are you affected by?
Choose an animal-resistant composting
system
๏ผIn-vessel
๏ผEnclosed bins (hardware cloth)
๏ผOpen pile systems
o Passively or actively aerated
o Biofilter โcapโ is key!
๏ผConcrete or gravel pads for very active site
NSR Master Composter Program
8. Design by Urban Farm Plans (www.urbanfarmplans.com)
Raised off the ground for aeration
and less protection for animals
Enclosed in ยฝโ hardware cloth
Paver stone-lined floor
No warped slats, no gaps, no loose corners
Red Hook Community Farm in Brooklyn, NY
Hot core!
O2 O2
Water Vapor Heat CO2
The Compost Pile โChimney Effectโ
9. BMPs: Before You Begin
Choose your location & develop a site
plan
โข Who are your neighbors?
โข Observation: avoid standing water if
possible
โข Space for the entire compost process
โข Access to reliable water
Identify site operators & managers
โข At least 2
โข Trained in BMPs
โข Reliable, maybe even paid
10. Set yourself up for success!
You need space:
๏ผ To compost
๏ผ To store browns (carbon source &
bulking materials)
๏ผ To store temperature probe, scale,
recording binder
๏ผ To cure
๏ผ To screen
๏ผ To store finished compost
๏ผ To handle water
๏ผ To move around
๏ผ To breathe
11. BMPs: Getting Started
๏ผThink through your recipe
oAvoid: dairy meat, oils, fats, grease
oMaybe even avoid: diseased plants, aggressive grasses,
weeds that have gone to seed
๏ผIdentify reliable browns*
๏ผEngage your neighbors
oBe proactive
oInstall informational signage
๏ผStart small & simple
Informational signage at Real Food Farm in Baltimore
12. Flow & Storage
Real Food Farmโs Compost Co-op System in Baltimore
Lockable bin
for Browns for
community
drop-off
(Leaves)
Lockable tumbler for
community food scrap
drop-off
Lockable bin for Co-op
tools, incl. scale and
data logs
Lockable 5-bin, rat-resistant
composting system for active
& curing piles
13. BMPs: Managing Your Compost
For sites composting large* quantities of food scraps,
particularly those creating compost for sale or for
use in food production:
๏ผActive management
๏ผThermophilic conditions (>105ยฐF, 110 โ 150ยฐF
recommended)
๏ผProcess for Further Pathogen Reduction (PFPR)
guidelines met
Mixing bin & tarps used at
the DPR Compost
Cooperative at Howard
University
14. The Process for Reducing Pathogens
(PFRP)
Adapted from U.S. Composting Council, โModel Compost Rule Templateโ April 2013.
Average Temp Duration Notes:
Windrows: โฅ 131โF ( 55โC)
โฅ 15 days, non-
continuous
During this period: โฅ 5 turnings, with โฅ 3
days in between turnings.
Aerated Static
Piles or
In-Vessel:
โฅ 131โF ( 55โC)
โฅ 3 days,
continuous The โฅ 14 days at โฅ 113โF follows the โฅ 3
days at โฅ 131โF
โฅ 113โF (45โC)
โฅ 14 days,
continuous
Compost processing time and temperatures should be sufficient to
kill weed seeds, and reduce pathogens and vector attraction.
15. Protecting Curing and Finished Compost at
the DPR Compost Cooperative at Howard University
Hardware cloth โcuring corralโ
on pavers, secured with zip-ties,
and covered with agricultural
cloth
After sifting, finished compost is
stored in re-purposed tumblers
A recent rat-proofing retrofit:
adding gravel under and
around pavers that the
corral sits on
16. Management Considerations
๏ผ Monitoring: Check your compost regularly!
๏ผ Act on your observations: Donโt let small
problems become big ones.
๏ผ Training matters: Train your people!
๏ผ Communication matters: Be accessible!
๏ผ Clean up nicely: Site hygiene is key!
Observe, record, take action, repeat!
17. Planning Considerations
๏ผ Your microbe allies have predictable needs,
how will you meet them?
๏ผ Create a monitoring and management
schedule that meets these needs!
๏ผ What amount can your system handle?
๏ผ What schedule can your dependable labor
force handle?
New members of the Real Food Farm Compost-Coop get trained on the procedure for dropping off food scraps, recording
weights, and turning piles.
The Compost Food Web
NRC, 1981a