9. Children with down syndrome are identified at birth or shortly the after. It based on
physical characteristics includes low muscle tone, crease in palm and upward slanted
eyes. This is confirmed by a chromosome study called “ karyotype”, it give a
visual display of chromosomes group together by their size, numbers and shapes
10. Body size and shape:
Low muscle tone
Flat facial profile
Deep crease across the center of the palm
Excessive ability to extend the joints
Space between large and second toe
Small stature and short neck
Short, stocky arms and legs
Face shape and features:
An upward slant to the eyes
Small skin fold on the inner corner of the eyes
Enlargement of tongue in relationship to size of mouth’
Flat nasal bridge
Small ears
Irregular crooked teeth
11. Maternal Age
A woman chances of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome increase with age
because older eggs have a greater risk of improper chromosome division .By age 35
and older woman are at risk of conceiving a baby with down syndrome is 1 out of
400
Have one child with down syndrome
a woman who has one child with Down syndrome has about a 1 percent chance of
having another child with Down syndrome
Genetic Translocation
Maybe passed through families, translocation chromosome carrier if you have a
family history of down syndrome or had other children with this type of down
syndrome
12. Cognitive development ranging from mild to moderate
Speech delays due to excessive language being to difficult to understand
Delayed on their fine motor and gross motor skills
Children with down syndrome will not walk until the age of 4
15. Physical space and removal of barriers
Warm , inviting classroom environment that’s clutter free. The arrangement of the
furniture is easy to access and it in orderly matter with developmentally appropriate
materials ( Inclusion of Children and Family Notes – Week 8)
Materials, toys and equipment's
Materials and toys , equipment should be developmentally appropriate for the children
age and not too advance. To help Selena to work on her fine motor skills, I would add
the following toys to the environment such juice box lid, photo cube and stacking
blocks this will benefit Selena by the enjoyment of playing with these materials while
she work on her fine motors skills in the process
16. Labelling system
Labeling on the container with the materials should be BIG SIZED letter to be able to
be see pictures of the items should be pasted and should have a symbolic or signs on
them. ( Inclusion of Children and Family Reading Package – Weeks 8) These will
benefit Selena to help her cognitive to know where things are and where they belong.
17. PROMPTING AND FADING
Teaching children a new skill such as:
learning how to walking prompting and fading will to
help to give clues or hints. To help her know what to do and increase her
to make the right response, some of the different prompts include physical, modeling
and demonstrating, gestures, visual and positional prompts ( Inclusion of Children
with Special Needs Reading Package Notes –Week 7)
Selena can use prompting and fading when the teacher want to teach her a new skill
such as how to walk by using the right amount of prompts to assist her until she able to
do it on her own.
18. Task Analysis
Children who has cognitive delays task analysis help to break down complex steps into
smaller steps to make it easier to learn by collecting data of skill building to help track.
The process to know when to fade the assistant or identify areas that needs extra
teaching by looking at the different prompts that are used during the process (Inclusion
of Children with Special Needs Notes –Week 9)
Selena can benefit from task analysis to start from her ability of what she already
knows and use the different prompts to assistant her until she able to successfully to do
it on her own this method can be used when you want to teach Selena how to put away
a toy or how to use it.
19. Visual Communication
Children who has speech impairments visuals help to support hold time and space
direct attention to allow more time to process to help their memory and teach new
words. It can help the child to communicate by pointing to make a choice, more verbal
words can be used to make their language brief and consist ant. Some example may
include picture schedules, line draws and picture can be turned over or crossed off.
(Inclusion of Children with Special Needs Notes –Week 9)
Verbal communication will benefit Selena by
allowing her to make her own choices and decisions
by communication what she wants through using
these visuals. This will boost her self esteem and
allow her to be more independent
20. Using Signs and Gestures
Children with cognitive delays will benefit from
sign and gestures because it will enhance their
understanding, support speech with a visual
cue and assist an adult to slow down their
accompanying speech. It much a clearer and it
can teach children different concepts such as directions, greetings
and concepts. (Inclusion of Children with Special Needs Notes –week 8)
This will benefit Selena to allow her to communicate with the teachers
by signing or gesturing what she want by using her hands and by doing this
it will help her with her fine motor skills through her movements and using her hands,
21. Daisy
Its digital talking book that may contain
both sound and text. Disk can be read on
a portable digital playback device or on
computer software. (Inclusion of Children with Special Needs Notes –week 8)
Selena can benefit from using this device allowing her to imitates the sounds
or repeat the words she hears and repeat them.
22. Down Syndrome Association -
A non- profit organization providing support and
information to parents of children with down syndrome,
student and teachers
What do they do:
Is to inform and empower persons with Down syndrome
and their families to obtain services and civil and human
rights which will lead to the enhancement of individual 40 Wynford
functioning and to the integration and participation of persons Toronto,ON M3C 1J5
with down syndrome in the life of the community Drive Suite 303
416-966- 0990
Cost: OSAT Membership - 1 year subscription ( CAD $40) www.dsat.ca
Referred process: Resource Consultants (consultants will help
Selena's teacher to make a inclusive environment for and the other
children in the childcare. provide access and coordinate resources to
support the children, families and teachers- inclusion notes - week 9)
Population Served: Families, Communities, Students and Teachers
23. Canadian down syndrome society (CDSS)
Is a national non-profit organization providing information,
advocacy and education about Down syndrome.
The CDSS supports self-advocates, parents and families
through all stages of life.
What do they do:
Raise awareness and provide information on Suit 103-2003 14 St. NW,
down syndrome through prenatal , childhood, Calgary, AB T2M 3N4
School years , adult and retirement stages of live (403)270-8500
Http://www.cdss.ca
Cost: Has 4 specific membership (self advance membership
$5, Family membership $20, individual membership- $20
organization membership $40)
Referred process: Social Worker (social worker will link and refer Selena's foster parents to
services and community-based supports and services- inclusion notes week 9) Pediatrician (pediatrician
will help Selena foster parents to understand her development and provide her with the appropriate
medical care)
Population served- Parents, Professionals, Families and Caregivers
24. Resource Teacher or Consultant
This profession make a inclusive environment for children with special needs in the
childcare, gathers more information for the family to learn about their child's special
needs and access resources to help the child, family and child care staff. In the child's
classroom appropriate strategies and service are plan to help support the inclusion of
the child's special needs
Selena and her foster family will benefit from this because it help support her specials
needs by providing these service to best suit her needs improve her development.
Pediatrician
This profession specialize in child development and appropriate medical
care for children. Selena and her foster family will benefit from this
because it will keep track and asset of where she is in her development
and provide her with the appropriate medicine to take for her age if she
require to take it.
25. Physiotherapist
This profession work with children and their families develop the child's
maximum level of independence by addressing their physical aspects
( i.e. movement, muscle strength, coordination, fitness and respiration).
Selena and her foster family will benefit from this because it will help
Selena to reach her very full potential an give her confident to learn
how to walk by building her muscle strength to use her feet instead of her
bum scooting around.
Occupational Therapist
This profession works with children and their families to develop the child's maximum
level of independence in all area of daily living (i.e.. dressing, bathing, feeding, play
and school activities). Selena and her foster family will benefit from this because
Selena will be to be independent and do things on her own
26. Speech and Language Therapist
This professional works with children and their families to develop the child's verbal
skill and non- verbal skills, communication, their understanding of language and their
swallowing and feeding skills. Selena and her foster family will benefit from this
because it will teach Selena to learn how to use her excessive language to
communication and express her self
Social Worker
This profession informs an refer parents to service provided and link families with
community- based supports and services Selena and her foster family will benefit from
this because working these social worker will connect them with the right program and
service that will be very beneficial to the family to Selena in her development
27. Information
Inclusion of Children with Special Needs class note and reading package
Video:
vculifescience, June 2008, On Down --- Down Syndrome retrieved February
22,2014 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEVkbuooXo4
The Canadian Down Syndrome Society, (n.d) retrieved February 22, 2014 from
www.cdss.ca
National Down Syndrome Congress, (n.d) retrieved from February 22, 2014 from
www, ndsccenter.org
MNT Knowledge Center, Down Syndrome, July 18 2013. Retrieved March
29, 2014 from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/145554.php
WebMD, Down Syndrome- Topic Overview, Aug 7, 2012, Retrieved March
29, 2014 from http://www.webmd.com/children/tc/down-syndrome-topic-
overview
