1. Towards a Green ICT Strategy in
the Kingdom of Bahrain
Yousif AL-Bastaki
College of IT
University of Bahrain
16 May 2012
1

2. Environment
 An important and vital issue
 Environmental pollution is one of the biggest enemy
of mankind in the history of humanity
 Environmental pollution has become a threat to the
human race – extinction
 Technological and industrial progress and
civilization of man threatens the lives of all living
things.
 Factories pour out every day huge amounts of
waste and waste water into rivers and oceans, and
makes it unfit for human consumption
2

3. 3

4. List of countries by 2008 emissions
4

5. List of countries by 2010
emissions estimates
5

6. Carbon dioxide emissions due to
consumption in China
6

7. Shared of global emissions of
selected regions and countries
7

8. Emissions in countries of the Arab
world
8

9. List of Arab countries by emissions estimates
Carbon emissions per person (metric tons)
2004
Country Emissions
 On the Arab level Algeria 5.5
and the Gulf, the Bahrain 23.9
rates of carbon Egypt 2.3
emissions are low Iraq 3
compared to 2.9
Jordan
other countries,
Kuwait 37.1
Lebanon 4.2
especially Latin Morocco 1.4
America and the Oman 13.6
Far East Palestine 0.2
 This ratio is Qatar 79.3
expected to raise Saudi Arabia 13.6
if those countries Syria 3.8
did not take this Tunisia 2.3
matter seriously United Arab Emirates 34.1
9

10. List of Arab countries by emissions estimates
Carbon emissions (percentage of global total, 2004)
Country Emissions
Algeria 0.7
Bahrain 0.1
Egypt 0.5
Iraq 0.3
Jordan 0.1
Kuwait 0.3
Lebanon 0.1
Libya 0.2
Morocco 0.1
Oman 0.1
Qatar 0.2
Saudi Arabia 1.1
Syria 0.2
Tunisia 0.1
United Arab Emirates 0.5
Yemen 0.1
10

11. As for the Arabian Gulf the
emissions are as follows:
Carbon emissions per person (metric tons) 2004
Country Emissions
Bahrain 23.844
Kuwait 40.363
Oman 12.455
Qatar 69.159
Saudi Arabia 13.676
United Arab Emirates 37.768
11

12. As for the Arabian Gulf the
emissions are as follows:
Carbon emissions (percentage of global total, 2004)
Country Emissions
Bahrain 0.1
Kuwait 0.3
Oman 0.1
Qatar 0.2
Saudi Arabia 1.1
United Arab Emirates 0.5
12

13. As for the Kingdom of Bahrain the
emissions are as follows:
Bahrain: Carbon emissions per person (metric tons)
Year Emissions
2004 23.844
2003 23.663
2002 23.062
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14. Bahrain's carbon emissions
 The proportions of carbon emissions in the
Kingdom of Bahrain is very large when
compared to the Arab countries
 Bahrain occupies the fourth place at the
level of Arab countries - a large percentage
when compared to the space and Population
 Needs to take this matter seriously.
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15. Our Responsibility
 It is our responsibility to estimate the
Greenhouse Gases emissions from the
information and communications technology
(ICT) industries and to develop opportunities
for ICT to contribute to a more efficient
economy
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16. 16

17. 17

18. 18

19. 19

20. Is ICT part of the problem…
… or part of the solution?

21. ICT and environment
2
1
Using ICT to
ICT and
reduce
Carbon
Carbon
emissions
emissions
3
E-dumping

22. The Definition of Green ICT
 Green ICT is the study and practice of
designing, manufacturing, using and
disposing of computers, servers and
associated subsystems-such as monitors,
printers, storage devices and networking
and communications systems efficiently and
effectively, with minimal or no impact on
the environment.
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23. 23

24. 24

25. ICT and Environment
 Computer technology use accounts for
2% of anthropogenic CO2
 Roughly equivalent to aviation industry
 IT energy usage will double next 4 years
 However, the other 98% of global
carbon emissions is crying out for
solutions…
… and ICT is an important one.
25

26. Computer Energy Use
 For every 12 consumers who keep power
settings enabled on their monitors and PCs,
CO2 emissions equivalent to removing one
average automobile from the road will be
avoided.

27. Computer Energy Use
 desktop PC with a 17-inch LCD
monitor requires about 145
watts—110 watts for the
computer and 35 watts for the
monitor.
 If left on 24x7 for one year,
this same computer will consume
1,270 kilowatt hours of
electricity—that’s enough to
release 1,715 pounds of carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere and
the equivalent of driving 1,886
miles in the average car!

28. How much energy does ICT use?
UK -example
 ICT uses a great deal of
energy and it is rising fast.
 ICT equipment accounts for
10% of the UK’s electricity
consumption.
 Non-domestic energy
consumption from ICT
equipment rose by 70% from
2000 – 2006 and is forecast to
grow a further 40% by 2020.

29. How much energy does ICT use?
UK -example
 30% of the overall energy consumed
by PCs is wasted by being left on
when not in use.
 1,000 PCs running 24/7 cost around
£70,000 in electricity over a year.
 A third of employees in the UK don’t
switch off their PCs when they leave
the office at the end of the day,
costing the UK £123 million a year in
electricity.
 If all UK businesses shut down their
computers when not in use, it would
contribute 10% of the Government’s
Climate Change Levy target and 40%
of the energy efficiency targets set
by the Carbon Trust

30. Did You Know?
 More than six million PCs
were left on over Christmas
2006, consuming nearly 40
million kWh of electricity –
enough to cook 30 million
Turkeys.
 Together with the printers
and other hardware this
would have produced
19,000 tones of CO2, at a
cost of around £8.6m?

31. Servers
 It is estimated that
a medium-sized
server has roughly
the same annual
carbon footprint as
an SUV vehicle
doing 15 miles per
gallon, covering
15,000 km16.

32. Data Centers
 According to
Forrester
Research a data
centre with 1000
servers will use
enough electricity
in a single month
to power 16,800
homes for a year.

33. Watts used-PC versus Thin Client
150 Watts
160
140
120
100
80
60
15 Watts
40
20
0
Thin Client Conventional PC
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34. kWh Per Rack
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2000 2006 2010
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35. ICT is part of the solution
 ICT could deliver a
15% reduction in global
CO2 by 2020,
delivering a cost saving
in fuel, energy and the
cost of carbon of over
a trillion dollars.
 However, smart  According to the
use of ICT could Climate Group, the
contribute a carbon footprint of
reduction in the ICT sector is
carbon emissions predicted to increase
in other sectors by 75% by 2020.
that is five times
greater than the
carbon emitted by
the ICT sector.

36. Dematerialization
 swapping high carbon
activities with low carbon
alternatives such as:
 e-billing instead of paper
billing
 teleconferencing instead of
traveling to meetings and
 e-media instead of producing
CDs or newspapers.

37. Smart motors
 introducing ICT to the
manufacturing sector to
vary the amount of energy
used by production lines,
rather than motors either
being on or off.

38. Smart logistics
 ICT can facilitate better
communication and planning,
whether this is for haulage
networks or customer delivery
rounds. Many return journeys of
vehicles carry no product and
with 80% of fleets having less
than 5 vehicles, better
coordination, communication and
cooperation is crucial to cutting
carbon.

39. Smart buildings
 our buildings and how
we use them could be
far more efficient.
From occupancy based
lighting and heating
solutions to automatic
systems to capture
sunlight or provide
shade from unwanted
warmth, ICT has a role
to play.

40. Smart grids
 India’s power generation
accounted for over half the
country’s carbon footprint in
2007, but a third of this was
lost in transmission making it
a complete waste. Demand
management and smart
meters will help those
supplying energy run a more
efficient systems, whilst
interactive real-time energy
displays prompt users to
consider their energy
consumption.

41. Manufacturing PC
 A significant proportion of
lifetime carbon emission of
ICT equipment is in its
manufacture. The manufacture
of one PC requires about 1.7
tones of raw materials and
water, and consumes over ten
times the computer’s weight in
fossil fuels.

42. Computers and the environment
problem looking for a solution?!
1. Lead in cathode ray tube
2. Arsenic in older cathode ray tubes
3. Antimony trioxide flame retardants used
4. Brominates flame retardants used in
plastic casing, cables and circuit boards
5. Selenium is also used for the average
energy supply for the circuit boards
6. Cadmium is used in circuit boards and
semiconductors
7. The use of chromium for corrosion
protection
8. Cobalt is used in steel structure
9. Mercury used in the keys
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43. E-Waste Toxicity in Landfills
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
E-Waste in American Landfills Amount of Taxicity Attributed to E-
Waste
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44. Computers and the environment
problem looking for a solution?!
 What do people do with equipment and
programs and technological waste
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45. Computers and the environment
problem looking for a solution?!
 And if we believe the computer industry research
firms, which says that 70% of the new PCs buyers
already have computers of one kind or another
 Actually there are millions of computers and
hundreds of millions of supplements which are
stacked in garages or some where in your home.
Not surprisingly, we discovery that most of the
computers are useable and only requires some
minor repairs.
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46. Public comments
 A lot of useless talk in this issue
 They have the Atlantic Ocean and
the Pacific, and save us from the
garbage
 I wish that I grind and grind these
machines and paved the old ways
 Bin Qassim Scrapyards
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47. Public comments
 Since I obtained my first computer 22 years ago I
threw away about 15 machine and hundreds of pieces
in the municipal barrel!!
 I do not believe there is any organization responsible
for collecting old machines???
 I am only one individual, what about companies which
uses thousands of devices.
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48. Green ICT and 2030 vision
 The economic vision 2030 for the Kingdom of
Bahrain addressed the environmental
dimension clearly
 In a world where new technologies and
increased competition on the production to
shorten the lifetime of the product,
innovation contributes to the continued
success of the economy
 However, the economic growth must not come
at the expense of the environment and the
safety of citizens in the long run, which
requires us not spare any effort in order to
protect our environment and save our cultural
heritage

49. Green ICT and 2030 vision
 The basic principles of the economic vision
2030 emphasizes on the issue of procedures
to protect the natural environment.
 The vision encourages investment on
technologies to reduce carbon emissions,
and reduce pollution and encourage the
sourcing of more sustainable energy

50. Green ICT and 2030 vision
 From here, the interest in green technology
comes to put the basic principles of
economic vision - with regard to the
environment - the subject of effective
implementation through the development of
a clear strategy to adopt green technology in
the Kingdom of Bahrain over the coming
years, and to achieve the main objective set
out the vision 2030 Economic
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51. Green ICT Strategy in the Kingdom
of Bahrain
 Vision
 Goals
 Strategic Dimensions
 Strategic Axes
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52. Green ICT Strategy in the Kingdom
of Bahrain
 Vision
 For Kingdom of Bahrain to be the pioneer in the use
green ICT, Which takes into account the public
health and safety whether at the level of
individuals, groups or at the level of the general
environment
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53. Green ICT Strategy in the Kingdom
of Bahrain
 Objectives
 The actual use of green
ICT applications in various fields
 Investment in green ICT
 Strengthening the role of the private
sector to ensure the successful use of
green ICT
 Scientific research in the field
of green ICT
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54. Green ICT Strategy in the Kingdom
of Bahrain
 Strategic Dimensions
 Laws and legislation
 International treaties
 The role of public sector
 The role of privet sector
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55. Green ICT Strategy in the Kingdom
of Bahrain
 Strategic Axes
 Devices and equipment
 Waste Management
 The financial cost
 Rationalize consumption
 Encourage scientific research
 Awareness and education
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56. Thank you
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