Anatomy of gall bladder and excretory bile ducts

1. Theme:
«Anatomy of gall bladder and
excretory bile ducts“
Done By: Myrzakhanov Yerik
3course GMF 348 group
Checked By: Milyushina Ya A.
Semey 2014

2. Plan
o Introduction
 Gallbladder:
• anatomy
• topography
 Bile duct:
• Anatomy
 Conclusion

3. Introduction
In vertebrates the gallbladder (cholec
yst, gall bladder or biliary vesicle) is
a small organ where bile is stored,
before it is released into the small
intestine. Humans can live without a
gallbladder.
The gallbladder is a hollow organ that
sits just beneath the right lobe of
the liver. In adults, the gallbladder
measures approximately 8 centimeters
in length and 4 centimeters in diameter
when fully distended. The gallbladder
has a capacity of about 100 mL.
The gallbladder is shaped like a
tapered sac, with the open end opening
into the biliary tree and the cystic duct.

4. Anatomy
1 - neck of the gallbladder;
2 - body of gall bladder;
3 - common hepatic duct;
4 - cystic duct;
5 - mucosa of the gallbladder;
6 - spiral fold;
7 - small folds of the mucous
membrane of the gall bladder;
8 - muscular layer of the
gallbladder;
9 - the bottom of the gall bladder;
10 - the common bile duct;

5.  Anatomically, the gallbladder is
divided into three sections:
the fundus, body,
and neck: The fundus is a rounded
end that faces the front of the body.
The body (Latin: corpus) is in
contact with the liver, lying
in depression at the bottom of the
liver. The neck tapers and is
continuous with the cystic duct,
part of the biliary tree. The cystic
duct unites with the common
hepatic duct to become
the common bile duct.

7.  At the neck of the gallbladder is a
mucosal fold called Hartmann's pouch,
where gallstones commonly get stuck.
The angle of the gallbladder is located
between the costal margin and the
lateral margin of the rectus abdominal
muscle. The fundus is at the same
level as the transpyloric plane.

8. Topography
 Location gallbladder depends on the age and physique. Usually
it is projected into the anterior abdominal wall at the intersection
of the right parasternal line and the line connecting the ends of
the 10 ribs, and in relation to the spine - at LI-LII.

10.  Gallbladder is in the
gallbladder fossa on the
lower surface of the liver.
It serves as a reference
boundary of the right
lobe of the liver

11. Bile duct
 From the liver leave
right and left
hepatic ducts,
merging into the
gate in the common
hepatic duct. As a
result of its merger
with the cystic duct
forms the common
bile duct.

12. Anatomy
 The common bile duct passes between the sheets of
the lesser omentum anterior to the portal vein and
right hepatic artery. Located posterior to the first
segment of the duodenum in the groove on the rear
surface of the head of the pancreas, it is included in
the second division of the duodenum.

13.  Duct obliquely crosses the posteromedial wall of the gut
and is usually connected to the main pancreatic duct,
forming Phater's ampulla (faterova vial).

14.  Ampoule forms a protrusion of the mucosa, directed into the
lumen, - large duodenal papilla (papilla Phater).
Approximately 12-15% of the patients the common bile duct
and pancreatic duct opens into the duodenum separately.

15.  Dimensions of the common bile duct in
determining different methods not identical. Duct
diameter, measured in operations ranging from
0.5 to 1.5 cm in diameter duct endoscopic
cholangiography typically less than 11 mm and a
diameter of 18 mm is considered pathological.

16.  At ultrasound examination (U.S.) in the norm
it is even less of 2-7 mm; at a greater
diameter common bile duct is considered
advanced.
 Part of the common bile duct extending in the
duodenal wall, surrounded by a shaft
longitudinal and circular muscle fibers, called
the sphincter of Oddi.

17. Conclusion
 In this case of conclusion I would like to give a few interesting
facts:
 Numerous words in the English language relate to the gallbladder
and the bile that it stores. To have 'gall' is associated with bold
behavior, whereas to have 'bile' is associated with bitterness.
 In the Chinese language, the gallbladder (Chinese: 胆) is
associated with courage and a plethora of related idioms,
including using terms such as "a body completely [of] gall"
(Chinese: 浑身是胆) to describe a brave person, and "single
gallbladder hero" (Chinese: 孤胆英雄) to describe a lone hero.
 In the Zangfu theory of Chinese medicine, the gallbladder not only
has a digestive role, but is seen as the seat of decision-making.

18. List of References
Main:
Сапин М.Р., Никитюк Д.Б., Швецов Э.В. Атлас нормальной
анатомии человека, 2-х томах. М.: «МЕДПресс-информ»,
2006.
Сапин М.Р. Анатомия человека, в 2-х томах М.:
”Медицина’’, 2003.
Сергиенко В.И., Петросян Э.А., Фраучи И.В.
Топографическая анатомия и оперативная хирургия, в
2-х томах. М.: «ГЭОТАР-МЕД», 2001.
Additional:
Гайворонский И.В. Анатомия и физиология человека:
Учебник для мед. ВУЗов., СПб.: «СпецЛит», 2004.