Hugo D. Macedo, Aarhus Universitet, Digital Twin center Digital Twin center i Aarhus har til formål at understøtte forskning og udvikling i digitale tvillinger indenfor alle brancher. Hugo vil i indlægget komme ind på hvad en digital tvilling er og hvad vi kan bruge det til i vandbranchen såvel som andre brancher.

1. 20 MAY 2021 CENTRE FOR DIGITAL TWINS
DIGITAL TWINS
HUGO DANIEL MACEDO
CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS GROUP
ECE DEPARTMENT AARHUS UNIVERSITY

2. 20 MAY 2021 CENTRE FOR DIGITAL TWINS
When computation interacts with the physical
processes!
The 5Cs proposal for unified guidelines to implement
CPS by Lee et al [2015]
CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS

3. 20 MAY 2021 CENTRE FOR DIGITAL TWINS
ELEMENTS OF A CPS
Controller Plant
Actuators
Environment
Sensors

4. 20 MAY 2021 CENTRE FOR DIGITAL TWINS
DIGITAL MODEL OF A CPS
Controller
Model
Plant
Model
Actuators
Environment Model
Sensors
Images courtesy of AVK Group

5. 20 MAY 2021 CENTRE FOR DIGITAL TWINS
DIGITAL TWIN
CM PM
EnvironmentM
C P
Environment
DIGITAL MODEL
PHYSICAL ASSET

6. 20 MAY 2021 CENTRE FOR DIGITAL TWINS
DIGITAL TWIN
MATHEMATICALLY
• Given two transition systems for the Physical Asset and the Digital Model:
• TP = (SP x SP0 x ➜P )
• TM= (SM x SM0x ➜M)
• Define:
• the Abstraction relation V : TP ➝ TM (Simple and Surjective)
• the Representation relation R : TM ➝ TP (Entire and Injective)
• (A): If TM ~ V(TP) then we have a digital shadow
• (B): If TP ~ R(TM) then we have a digital specification
• If (A) and (B) then the Physical Asset and the Digital Model constitute a DIGITAL TWIN

7. 20 MAY 2021 CENTRE FOR DIGITAL TWINS
DIGITAL TWIN
ADVANTAGES
• Improve products design and maintenance
• (Mobiles/Agriculture/Aeronautics)
• Operations (Water/Railways/… Any RTC/SCADA…)
• Training (VR/AR)
• In WATER 4.0 it allows deeper
connection with users and the state of
the less digital system parts…
• (E.g. Residential water metering)

8. 20 MAY 2021 CENTRE FOR DIGITAL TWINS
DIGITAL TWINS IN AARHUS
“[..] development of ROBOTTI is […] model-based
development, where we see some of the very inspiring
new possibilities coming with digital twins”
Ole Green CEO of Agrointelli
https://youtu.be/Gqc4r1XoeMw

9. 20 MAY 2021 CENTRE FOR DIGITAL TWINS
DIGITAL TWIN: THE AGRICULTURE CASE
To appear in IEEE COMPSAC 2021 Proceedings

10. 20 MAY 2021 CENTRE FOR DIGITAL TWINS
DIGITAL TWIN LIMITS
• High maintenance/Resource intensive
• Abstraction is required, yet nature is concrete!
• Calibration/Drift
• Connectivity
• Heterogeneous system components
• Cybersecurity

11. 20 MAY 2021 CENTRE FOR DIGITAL TWINS
CONCLUDING REMARKS
• Digital twins: Engineers embrace your second nature – In the near future digital twins will
be a reference to all company and society decisions.
• They fit the 3rd level in the 5C architecture of CPS
• In WATER 4.0 they bring better connection with the system and its users
• Water Valley!
• Digital Twins are limited and also pose threats!

12. AARHUS
UNIVERSITY