3. To cite or not to cite….
• You do not need to cite common
knowledge
• The White House is located in Washington D.C.
• You do not need to cite information
found in numerous sources
• Pearl Harbor was bombed on December 7, 1941.
• Common knowledge can change
• Medical journal article vs. Freshman biology paper
• When in doubt - Cite
4. Citation
• Why?
• Give credit to the author of the original
information
• Easily find original information again –
• Think of it as a map
• Where?
• Reference List
• In-Text
5. Types of In Text Citation
• Direct Quote
• “Preschool children do not have to be diagnosed
with and reported under one of the traditional
disability categories (e.g., mental retardation,
emotional disturbance, orthopedic impairments) to
receive services” (Heward, 2009, p. 544).
• Paraphrasing
• Before kindergarten, children can be serviced
without a specific diagnosis (Heward, 2009).
Heward, W.L. (2009). Exceptional children: An introduction to special education. Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Pearson.
6. Direct Quote
• Quote word by word, beginning and ending
the quote with “” marks
• End punctuation goes after the citation
• Use page number for books or pdfs
• Use paragraph number for online sources
• When using the author’s name as an
introduction, include the year in the
introduction, save the page number for the
end.
7. Special Circumstances
• Unknown author
• Use the first three words of the title
• (“Two Education Champions,” 2011, para. 2)
• Use quotes for online or partial section: chapter
• Use italics for book, brochure, full-work
• Anonymous author
• Use Anonymous as the author
• (Anonymous, 2008, p. 7)
• Group author
• Use the full name of the group
• (University of South Florida (USF), 2010, para. 3)
• Use the abbreviation for subsequent citations
• (USF, 2010, para. 5)
8. Don’t worry….
• Son of Citation Machine
• http://citationmachine.net
• You Tube Video
• http://youtu.be/9pbUoNa5tyY
