NewhouseSU COM 107 Communications and Society #NH1074Ward - Ch. 8 Slideshow
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NewhouseSU COM 107 Communications and Society #NH1074Ward - Ch. 8 Slideshow
- 1. Chapter 8 Magazines in the Age of Specialization
- 2. Online Image Library Go to www.bedfordstmartins.com/mediaculture/catalog to access the Media & Culture, 8th Edition Online Image Library. The library contains all your favorite images from Media & Culture, 8th edition!
- 3. The Story of Cosmopolitan 60s - Helen Gurley Brown Transformed antiquated general-interest mag into the must-read for young, sexy single chicks
- 4. Magazines in Colonial America • American colonies, early 1700s—no middle class, no widespread literacy • Early magazines documented early American life. • Concerns over taxation, state vs. federal power, etc.
- 5. Magazines in Colonial America • Ben Franklin in Philadelphia • General Magazine • Ruthlessly suppressed competition • Used privileged position as postmaster • By 1776 about 100 magazines in colonies
- 6. U.S. Magazines in the Nineteenth Century • Increases in literacy and public education, combined with better printing and postal technology, created a bigger magazine market. • The Nation (1865–present): Pioneered the national political magazine format
- 7. U.S. Magazines in the Nineteenth Century “They spring up as fast as mushrooms, in every corner, and like all rapid vegetation, bear the seeds of early decay within them…and then comes a ‘frost,’ a killing frost,’ in the form of bills due and debts upaid…. The average age of periodicals in this country is found to be six months.” NEW-YORK MIRROR, 1828
- 8. National, Women’s, and Illustrated Magazines • Women’s magazines on the rise • Godey’s Lady Book (1830–1898) • Helped to educate lower- and middle-class women denied higher education
- 10. The Development of Modern American Magazines • Postal Act of 1879 lowered postage rates, increased magazine circulation. • By late 1800s, advertising revenues soared. • Captured customers’ attention and built national marketplace • Magazine circulation flourished. • Ladies’ Home Journal • 1903—first magazine to reach a circulation of one million
- 11. Social Reform and the Muckrakers • Teddy Roosevelt coins term in 1906. - willing to crawl through society’s muck to uncover a story. • Early form of investigative reporting
- 12. Social Reform and the Muckrakers • Journalists sought out magazines where they could write in depth about broader issues. • Famous American muckrakers: • Ida Tarbell, “The History of the Standard Oil Company” (oil monopoly) • Lincoln Steffens, “Shame of the Cities” (urban problems) • Upton Sinclair, The Jungle (meatpacking industry)
- 13. The Rise of General-Interest Magazines • Popular after WWI from 1920s to 1950s • Combined investigative journalism with broad national topics
- 14. The Rise of General-Interest Magazines • Rise of photojournalism plays a prominent role in general-interest magazines. • 1888 – Kodak photography for working & middle classes • Gave magazines a visual advantage over radio
- 15. The Rise of General-Interest Magazines (cont.) • Saturday Evening Post • 300+ cover illustrations by Norman Rockwell • Reader’s Digest • Applicability, lasting interest, constructiveness
- 16. The Rise of General-Interest Magazines (cont.) • Time • Interpretive journalism using reporter search teams • Life • Oversized pictorial weekly • Pass-along readership of more than 17 million
- 17. Table 8.1 The Top 10 Magazines (Ranked by Paid U.S. Circulation and Single-copy Sales, 1972 vs. 2009)
- 18. The Fall of General-Interest Magazines • Nation fascinated with TV • TV Guide is born. • Postal rates dramatically rise in early 1970s. • Life, Look, and Saturday Evening Post all fold by 1972.
- 19. The Fall of General-Interest Magazines • Notable exception to decline of mass market magazines: People, 1974 • First successful magazine of its kind in decades • Some charge that People is too specialized to be mass market with its focus on celebrities, music, and pop culture.
- 20. Convergence: Magazines Confront the Digital Age • Magazine companion Web sites ideal for increasing reach of consumer magazines • Feature original content such as blogs, videos, social networks, other interactive components • Webzines made the Internet a legitimate site for culture, politics, current events.
- 21. Convergence: Magazines Confront the Digital Age
- 22. The Domination of Specialization • Magazines grouped by two important characteristics • Advertiser type • Consumer • Business or trade • Farm • Noncommercial category • Includes everything from activist newsletters to scholarly journals • Ad-free magazines like Ms., Cook’s Illustrated also included
- 23. The Domination of Specialization (cont.) • Magazines also broken down by target audience • Men and women • Leisure, sports, and music • Age-group specific
- 24. The Domination of Specialization (cont.) • Magazines also broken down by target audience •Elite magazines aimed at cultural minorities •Minorities
- 25. Magazine Departments and Duties • Editorial • Content, writing quality, publication focus, and mission • Production • Machines and paper • Layout and design • Advertising and sales • Manage the income stream from ads • Circulation and distribution • Either “paid” or “controlled”
- 26. Figure 8.1 Top Magazine Companies by Total Circulation, 2010
- 27. What Time Warner Owns Books/Magazines – Time – Telepictures Productions • DC Entertainment • IPC Media (75 U.K. – Warner Bros. Television – DC Comics magazines) – Warner Bros. Animation – Mad magazine – Warner Home Video • Time Inc. Television/Cable – Coastal Living • HBO Movies – Cooking Light – HBO • New Line Cinema – Entertainment Weekly – Cinemax • Warner Bros. Pictures – Essence • Turner Broadcasting • Warner Bros. Theatre – Fortune System Ventures – Fortune Small Business – Cartoon Network – Golf – CNN Internet – Health – HLN • 10best.com – InStyle – TBS •CNN.com/CNNMoney.com – Money – TCM • FanNation.com – People/People en Español – TNT • Life.com (with Getty – People StyleWatch – truTV Images) – Real Simple • Warner Bros. Television • myrecipes.com – Southern Living Group • PeoplePets.com – Sports Illustrated – The CW Network – This Old House
- 28. Major Magazine Chains • Time, Inc. • Largest magazine chain in U.S. • Advance Publications • Owns Condé Nast, which controls magazines like Vanity Fair, GQ, Vogue • Rodale • Meredith Corporation • Specializes in women’s, home-related magazines • Hearst • Hachette Filipacchi
- 29. Alternative Voices • Many alternative magazines define themselves through politics. • Struggle to serve small but loyal contingent of readers • Some alternative magazines have achieved mainstream success. • Early 1980s—William F. Buckley’s National Review had circulation of more than 100,000.
- 30. Magazines in a Democratic Society • Magazines provide essential information about our society and unite groups of people. • But magazines are growing increasingly dependent on advertising—readers are just viewers and purchasers of material goods. How can magazines straddle the need to be both commercially and culturally viable?