CWR US Presentation ASA/CSSA/SSSA Tampa 2013
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Presentation of gap analysis results for Priority 1A CWR in the United States, given at the annual international ASA/CSSA/SSSA meeting, November 3-6, Tampa, Florida
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CWR US Presentation ASA/CSSA/SSSA Tampa 2013
- 1. photo- Kasia Stepien Distributions and Conservation Concerns for Crop Wild Relatives of the United States Colin K. Khoury, Stephanie Greene, John Wiersema, Nora P. Castañeda-Álvarez, Chrystian C. Sosa, Vivian Bernau, Harold A. Achicanoy, Alex Castañeda, Larry Stritch, Jan Schultz, Karen Williams, Andy Jarvis, and Paul C. Struik ASA, CSSA & SSSA International Annual Meetings, November 6, 2013, Tampa, FL
- 2. photo- Kasia Stepien CWR are valuable Western corn rootworm resistance from Eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides). Prischmann et al. (2008) http://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/29879/PDF. (Image by Henry Domke) US Production Value (million $USD, 2012) Crop (NASS) $851 Blueberry $5,970 Cotton $386 Cranberry $4,911 Grape $1,872 Lettuce $77,352 Maize (grain) $477 Pecan $7 Plum $149 Pumpkin $2,406 Strawberry $728 Sunflower $500 Sweet Potato Salinity tolerance from Pecos sunflower (Helianthus paradoxus). Miller and Seiler (2003) https://www.crops.org/publications/cs/articles/43/6/2313. (Image by J.N. Stewart)
- 3. CWR are threatened Wild Pecos sunflower Helianthus paradoxus (Image by J.N. Stewart) photo- Kasia Stepien Wild squash Cucurbita okeechobeensis subsp. okeechobeensis (Image by USFWS) Texas wild rice Zizania texana (Image by USFWS) Scrub plum Prunus geniculata (Image by USFWS) Source: http://www.fws.gov/endangered/species/us-species.html
- 4. photo- Kasia Stepien National inventory • 4,600 taxa • Collaborative process and peer reviewed • CWR related to major crops prioritized, along with US iconic wild crops • 273 closely related, native taxa related to 38 crops = Priority 1A. Khoury et al (2013) An Inventory of Crop Wild Relatives of the United States. Crop Sci. 53(4): 1496. https://www.crops.org/publications/cs/articles/53/4/1496
- 5. photo- Kasia Stepien Priority 1A crop wild relatives Associated crop apricot beet blackberry blueberry cherry chestnut chives cotton cranberry fig garlic grape guava hazelnut lettuce lingonberry maize mate peach pecan pepper persimmon pistachio plum potato ramp Number of CWR 2 3 36 17 2 3 1 3 2 1 1 28 1 3 9 3 3 5 10 9 1 2 1 17 1 1 raspberry ribes squash pepo star anise strawberry sugar maple sunflower sweet potato tepary bean vanilla walnut wild rice 8 27 3 1 8 3 35 9 2 2 5 5
- 6. photo- Kasia Stepien Occurrence data 62,000 records, 38,000 with coordinates Info on methods: Ramírez-Villegas et al (2010) A Gap Analysis Methodology for Collecting Crop Genepools: A Case Study with Phaseolus Beans. PLoS ONE 5(10): e13497. 6 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013497. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0013497
- 7. photo- Kasia Stepien Species distribution models
- 8. photo- Kasia Stepien Species richness per crop genepool
- 9. photo- Kasia Stepien Species richness for US priority CWR
- 10. photo- Kasia Stepien Results: collecting priorities 40 5.5% 2.6% 35 30 8.4% 25 20 83.5% 15 10 5 0
- 11. photo- Kasia Stepien Collecting gap distribution models
- 12. photo- Kasia Stepien Collecting gap hotspots for high priority species
- 13. Collecting priorities • 219 species of high priority for collecting • Related to 36 crops • Collecting gaps in all 50 states + D.C.! State photo- Kasia Stepien # of HPS with gaps New York 87 Virginia 85 Tennessee 82 Texas 82 North Carolina 80 West Virginia 80 Pennsylvania 78 Ohio 77 Illinois 75 Georgia 74 New Jersey 74 Indiana 73 Arkansas 72 Kentucky 72 Maryland 72 Massachusetts 72 Missouri 72 South Carolina 72 Florida 69 Alabama 68 Number of high priority species for collecting, per state
- 14. photo- Kasia Stepien US a priority in the global context Countries with the most HPS for collecting worldwide 0.06 140 0.05 No. of CWR taxa 120 0.04 100 80 0.03 60 0.02 40 0.01 20 0 0 No. CWR taxa CWR concentration CWR concentration (No. taxa per 100 sq. km.) 160
- 15. CWR conservation in action George Washington National Forest, VA Wild cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon photo- Kasia Stepien Monongahela National Forest, WV Info: http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/news/cranberry/index.shtml
- 16. photo- Kasia Stepien • http://cwroftheus.wordpress.com/ • www.cwrdiversity.org • Colin Khoury CIAT c.khoury@cgiar.org • Stephanie Greene, ARS Stephanie.Greene@ars.usda.gov • Larry Stritch, USFS lstritch@fs.fed.us Thank you! We acknowledge with thanks, the contribution of the project "Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives" managed by the Global Crop Diversity Trust with the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in making data, methods and expertise available for this work.
Editor's Notes
- Thank you for comingHonor to have the opportunity to present some results to this communityCollaboration between national agencies, international research centers and academic institutionsReinforce two points then ask a question
- CWR of the US are no exception- many cases of use in breedingPhylloxera resistance grapes from N. American wild grape rootstockEnglish walnut rootstock- JuglanshindsiiCWR native to the US are related to a sizable list of crops of significant importance to US agriculture
- Habitat degradation, urbanization, pollution, invasive species, climate changeFederally listed Endangered:Okeechobee gourd (FL),Scrub plum (FL), Texas wild rice (TX)Federally listed Threatened:Pecos sunflower (NM, TX)
- Native and introduced species (12% of inventory) includedClosely and distantly related CWR includedAvailable as a download from GRIN website, and will be incorporated into GRIN interactive site eventuallyNecessary to prioritize
- who
- whereOccurrence data from global dataset- herbaria and genebanksFor information on methodology, see Phaseolus paper
- Maxent models based upon occurrence dataConstrained to native areas (state level)Cross validated
- where
- where
- How well conservedConservation analysis from a national perspective- priorities analyzed for US distributions.
- Collecting gap maps = distribution models minus areas where collecting has already occurred (CA50)
- How well conservedCollecting gap richness maps for HPSReminder this does not pertain to conservation status in situ- upcoming analysis. 28% of the US is owned by the US Federal Government.
- Ongoing CWR collecting by USDA ARS NPGS- national germplasm system- largest in nation and service provider for the world’s plant breedersUSFS- nation’s largest landownerGenetic diversity analyses underway- Juan Zalapa ARS Cranberry Genetics and Genomics Lab Madison, WisconsinConservation ex situ- Kim Hummer, curator of the National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Corvallis, OregonIn situ planningNext steps:Expert inputsIn situ conservation analysesMaking data useful for on the ground effortsCollaborating with diverse agencies, land owners, organizations
- Contact us to get involved