Urban lifecycle management : system architecture applied to the conception and monitoring of smart cities

1. Claude Rochet
Urban lifecycle management :
system architecture applied to the
conception and monitoring of smart
cities
Prof. Claude Rochet
Claude.rochet@univ-amu.fr
IMPGT AMU CERGAM
Shanghai, October 25, 2014
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2. China urban strategic objectives
Efficient urbanization
Inclusive urbanization
Sustainable
urbanization
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Complex System Architecture:
What are the key functions and their
(un) desirable interactions?
System Integration: What are the
key functions and their (un) desirable
interactions?
Ecosystem modeling: Autopoiesis,
resilience, scalability, innovation
coordination

3. Claude Rochet
Let’s set up some definitions:
• Architecture, system
architecture
– The design of how basic functions
interact to give birth to a whole
that is more than the sum of
the parts
• Ecosystem:
– A system with autopoeitic properties,
that means being able to reproduce
itself
• Entropy, negentropy
– Interactions within the system make it
losing its energy and increasing disorder
(entropy), life (human life in the case of
a city) may import energy (negative
entropy or negentropy)
• Emergence:
– Many properties of a system do not
exist as a basic function or a physical
state, but are the result of the
interactions of these functions: eg.
“ageing well”, “happy life” is the
result of both physical and human
systems.
• Resilience:
– The property of a system to
withstand a shock and to
recover with stronger ability
• Green IT and IT for green
– IT is both a solution to coordination
problems that may help saving energy (eg.
Smart grids) but fabrication of IT produce
a lot of pollutants and its functioning
produce a lot of heat and waste that need
to be recycled.
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4. Smart= presence of a
learning feedback loop
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Action Effect
feedback
from 0,0001sec. to a génération
Sensors
Data
TreatmentInterpretation
Usage
Decision
Technologies
Social sciences
ICT amplifying effect

5. Claude Rochet
Our basic assumptions
• A smart city is not putting lipstick on a bulldog
• A smart city is an ecosystem that includes the city and its periphery
• A smart city is a city where one may live and work in:
o Economic wealth creation
o Social life
o Common weal
• A resilient architecture:
o A living system based on cooperation between public authorities, private corp., citizens
o A properly designed architecture made with off-the-shelf components
o Systemic resilience is leveraged using IT
• A sea change in firms business models and public administration.
What is our shared vision?
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6. Is modeling a smart city possible?
• A dead end: The temptation of
the ideal city : XX century garden
cities, techno-pushed approaches
Masdar, Songdo…
• A city is a living system
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7. What modelling means?
The Lego game:
• The construction is based on
standardised building blocks
• No two figures are alike
• Building is made using patterns:
rules of integration using
semantic + syntax
• The final result in an
integration of all the building
blocks which is specific to needs
and specifications
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8. Claude Rochet
A rationale for a smart city a system architect:
A three steps approach
• Strategic analysis
• Inventorying the building blocks
• Integrating the ecosystem
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9. A rationale for a smart city a system architect:
1- Strategic analysis
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Why building a city & what
are the strategic goals? Who
are the stakeholders?
What are the generic
functions to be performed by
a smart city?
With which organs?
Technical devices,
software…
With which smart
people?
Conception,
metamodel
framework,
steering
Subsystems
and processes
People and
tools
Why designing this ecosystem?
Who will live in the city?
What are its activities?
How the city will be fed?
Where the city is located ? (context)
What are the functions to be performed to
reach the goals and how do they interact?
With which organs and
ressources?
How people will interact with the
artifacts?
How civic life will organize?

10. Claude Rochet
A rationale for a smart city a system
architect:
2- Inventorying the “building blocks”
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Issues
• Defining
“smartness” and
“sustainability”
• Wealth creation
• Finance and taxes
• Controlling
pollution
• Equilibrium center
– periphery
• Migrations
• Poverty
• Education
• Health
• Crime
• Segregation (social
and spatial)
• Leisure
• Quality of life
• How people interact
with people and
artifacts?
• The New Business
Models:
• Public
• Private
• Project management
• Institutional
arrangements
• The day to day decision
making process in an
evolutionary perspective
• Empowerment
• Direct democracy
• Government
• Governance
• Project management
• Social innovation
• The state as a system
engineer
• Mastering ULM
Functions
• Work
• Budgeting
• Transportatio
n
• Feeding
• Caring
• Protecting
• Securing
• Housing
policy
• Education
• Leisure
• Social
benefits
• Health care
system
• Migrations
control
Resources
• Energy
• Water
• Data
• Digital Systems
• Traditions
• Sociology
• Technologies as
enablers and
enacters
• Culture and
traditions
• Institutions and
public
organizations
• Process modeling
• Software
• Tech providers
• Open innovation
Capabilities

11. Claude Rochet
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A rationale for a smart city a system architect:
3- Integration of the building blocks
Soft domains Hard domains
SMART city
TransportationIndustry
WorkHousing
Sanitation
EnergyWater
Waste recycling
Public services Health care
Civic life Leisure
Education Social integration
GovernmentEconomy
Institutional
scaffolding
Social life
Periphery
City
Territory
Commercial
exchanges
Food

12. Claude Rochet
A tool to design and monitor the ecosystem:
ULM (Urban Lifecycle Management©)
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Maturityofecosystemicproperties
Development
From history, social
intelligence, idea, to
framework Integrating off-the-
shelves innovation
Functional integration
Technical
integration
Designing the
engineering ecosystem
Project
management
City 1.0
Gathering data and
understanding
ecosystem evolution
Evaluating,
correcting and
upgrading
Sustainable City
1.0
Integrating
innovation
City 2.0
Risk of collapse
Unlike a product or a
company, a city never
dies, even if not
sustainable (except in a
case of collapse)
Losing ecosystemic properties
Permanent
improvement
Financial
governance
Socio political cycle
Innovation
cycle

13. Some critical points: Data
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Legacy: How the city has evolved in
the past
•Hard data: statistics
•Soft data: human memory
=> understanding the technological
trajectory and social capital
Present and future: Understanding
how the city is evolving
•Observatory for hard and soft data
•Big data
=> Evaluating the scalability and
resilience, improving social capital

14. Some critical points: Monitoring
evolution and innovation
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Innovation within building blocks has different speeds
With smart networks innovation cycles are connected:
(before, no): a permanent challenge
The city dweller is the decider in last resort of the
impact of any innovation on the city life: Good/Bad,
useful/unusual, improve/kill

15. Some critical points: Improving social capital,
bottom-up vs. top-down
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16. The research and training program
• Integrating and upgrading to smart cities issues the basics of
complex systems architecture as a basic bagage for SC stake
holders
• Learning by doing: Applied research to the building of pilot
projects
• Convergence of disciplines: engineering, social sciences, urban
sociology, system architecture, political philosophy, complex decision
making
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17. Integration of disciplines
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Levelsofcomplexity
City
Functions
Citizens
Complex systems
engineering
Extended P.A Political philosophy
Complex
system
modeling
Interaction
and synergies
Social
networks and
interactions
Overlaps and
interactions
Common good as an
emergence and
structuring finality
Ends and means of
wealth creation
Civic implication
Polycentric
Govce

18. Merci!
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