2. B2 – Describe the characteristics of water Water as a solvent – Ionically bonded molecules tear apart when placed in water and transported around the water Water as a temperature - regulator-Hydrogen bonding in the water help with slowing quick changes in temperature Water as a lubricant - Because of the ability to dissolve and regulate temperature water is a perfect lubricant inside organisms
3. Water molecules have a positive and a negative side so they all line up creating weak bonds of attraction.
4. B3- Describe the roll of acids, bases and buffers Acid- Separates to release hydrogen Bases – Realises hydroxide Buffers – Can lose or acquire an hydrogen or hydroxide ion. PH are very important in several human systems like the blood and are stomach, If the blood is too much of a base or way to acidic it would not be able to carry the oxygen require to keep us running, and if the stomach is not acidic enough we would not be able to break down are food.
5. B4- Analyse biological molecules. Dehydration synthesis is the taking water away from the unit molecules creating the polymers or monomers Hydrolysis is adding water to create unit molecules
6. Carbohydrates or sugars are used as the main energy sources in are body. Stored in are liver Converted to fat to be stored for later use.
7. a simple sugar would start with glucose If dehydration synthesis occurs if forms maltose (2 glucose together If further dehydration synthesis occurs then it would form a Polysaccharides (3 or more glucose stuck together) which would be a starch, cellulose and glycogen
9. Starch and Glycogen Starch is the sugar that is formed in plants Helix shaped- Little branching Held with hydrogen bonds Glycogen is a Long term energy storage Heavily branched Hydrogen bonded
10. Cellulose Better known as fibre Holds together plant cell walls very straight no branching.
11. Neutral fats Neutral fats are found all around your body Neutral fats are a storage system for energy Saturated---- Unsaturated---
12. Steroids Steroids are found in the reproductive system, in humans they are known as testosterone-males and estrogens- females Testosterone------------------------- Estrogens ---
13. Phospholipids Holds the cell together as the cell membrane Found in almost every cell in the body
14. Proteins and amino acid Proteins build and repair cells Help keep hair, nails and skin healthy Builds antibodies enzymes Amino acid---
16. Protein organization Primary are held with peptide bonds Secondary are held with hydrogen bonds Tertiary and quaternary are held with sulphur bonds
17. RNA The 4 bases of RNA are: Adenine Cytosine Guanine Uracil RNA is single stranded with a sugar-phosphate back bond each nucleotide is filled with a ribose sugar and it’s 4 bases consisting of adenine cytosine and guanine and uracil
18. DNA 4 bases of DNA are Adenine Cytosine Guanine Thymine DNA is a double helix shape, with a back done of sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphates. Each of the bases are paired up adenine-thymine and guanine-cytosine.
