6. MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE
• Directed at controlling the symptoms
• Nitrates
• Calcium-channel blockers
• Beta-blockers
• For heart failure, it is treated as it
would be for any other heart with
heart failure
20. NURSING MANAGEMENT
• Education on diagnosis (it may be
hereditary), symptoms that may develop
• Need for prophylactic antibiotics before any
invasive procedure
• Diet :
23. Rheumatic Heart Disease
Strep Throat S/Sx Rheumatic Fever S/Sx
• sudden onset of sore • fever
throat • painful, tender, red swollen
joints
• pain on swallowing
• pain in one joint that
• fever, usually 101–104°F migrates to another one
• headache • heart palpitations
• red throat/tonsils • chest pain, SOB
• abdominal pain, nausea • skin rashes
and vomiting may also • fatigue
occur, especially in • small, painless nodules under
children the skin
24. Rheumatic Heart Disease
• Best defense = prevent rheumatic fever
from occurring
• Treat strep throat with penicillin or other
antibiotics
• People with history of rheumatic fever
are more susceptible to recurrent attacks
and heart damage.
26. • Manifestations:
– Remittent fever (high or low) accompanied by chills*
– Malaise, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss
– Headache & musculoskeletal complaints (arthralgia)
– Murmurs
– Petichiae (conjunctiva), splinter hemorrhages (dark red
lines) under the nails, Painful finger or toe tip (Osler’s
node – pea-sized nodules)
• Dx: blood culture – at least 6 (taken during chills or at height
of fever), ECG, CBC
• Tx: antimicrobials – depend on organism involved (Penicillin
& Streptomycin commonly used)
– IV 4-6wks
– Prosthetic heart valves may need to be replaced
Colleen C. Flores, RN
36. Clinical Manifestation
Thoracic Aortic Aneurism May be asymptomatic
Pain is usually constant and boring
(when patient is supine)
Dyspnea, brassy cough, hoarseness
of voice
Abdominal Aortic Aneurism Feels that heart is beating in the
(AAA) abdomen while lying down
May feel abdominal mass or
abdominal throbbing
Dissecting Aneurism of the Sudden severe and persistent pain
Aorta described as tearing or ripping in
the anterior chest or back and
extends to the shoulders, epigastric
area or abdomen
45. Nursing Management
• Superficial thrombophlebitis – local
measures (i.e. warm pack, extremity
elevation); sometimes anti-inflammatory
meds are required
• DVT – CBR until local signs of
inflammation subsides; after 7-15days =
ambulate with elastic stockings
A muscular, cramp-type pain in the extremities consistently reproduced with the same degree of exercise or activity and relieved by rest is experienced by patients with peripheral arterial insufficiency. Referred to as intermittent claudication, this pain is caused by the inability of the arterial system to provide adequate blood flow to the tissues in the face of increased demands for nutrients during exercise.Rubor, a reddish blue discoloration of the extremities, may be observed within 20 seconds to 2 minutes after the extremity is dependent. Rubor suggests severe peripheral arterial damage in which vessels that cannot constrict remain dilated. Even with rubor, the extremity begins to turn pale with elevation.
Repair of an ascending aortic aneurysm and aortic valve replacement. (A) Incision into aorticaneurysm. (B) Aortic valve replacement with aortic graft implant to repair ascending aortic aneurysm. (C) Aortic aneurysm trimmed and closed over graft.