The document discusses a proposed sanitation system for a low-income neighborhood in Haiti. It notes that rapid urban growth and lack of government services have led to unsanitary conditions. The goal is to design a sustainable sanitation system based on closed-loop recycling. The research will analyze the local context and identify appropriate sanitation technologies. A variety of sanitation systems will be considered that treat waste on-site or off-site and recover resources like biogas and nutrients.
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P2 presentation
1. Fè poupou
Sustainable Sanitation Facility For a Haitian Low
Income Neighborhood
Engineers without borders - University of Minnesota, 2010. EWB Haiti Biogas Project. [online] Available at: < https://wiki.umn.edu/EWB/Haiti_Biogas> [Accessed 14
June 2011]
Problem Statement
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
2. - Problem statement
- Goals and research questions
- Research structure and methodology
- Sanitation systems and technologies
- Location
- Design
contents
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
3. Rapid growth of Port au Prince: a population of 2.143 million in 2010 and an annual growth rate
of 3.9% (The World Factbook)
Incapacity of the government to provide formal facilities like houses, jobs, services, result the
emergence of large informal settlements, being 70% of urban population in 2007 (UN Data)
In 2008, Haiti was the only country in which access to improved sanitation has significantly de-
creased (to 19% according to UNICEF)
Resulting in polluted environments and water
Earthquake two fold result
- destroyed the little sanitation services that were available
- financial capital through NGO’s
No existing sanitation creates opportunity to leapfrog to an innovative sustainable sanitation sys-
tem.
Problem Statement
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
4. Goldfarb, Michael/MSF, 2010. Public latrines in the Cite Soleil slum of Port-au-Prince, Haiti. [online] Available at: < http://www.msf.org/msf/articles/2010/04/three-
months-after-the-earthquake-that-has-impacted-on-the-lives-of-millions-in-haiti.cfm> [accessed 14 June 2011]
Problem Statement
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
5. The goal of the research is to propose a sanitation system which can be a strategic tool for
sustainable spatial redevelopment of a Haitian low income neighborhood. This system will be
implemented in the design of a neighborhood and a sanitation facility. This system must be based
on a closed loop recycling economy so that no valuable wastes are being discharged.
The research question and sub-questions from these goals are:
Which sanitation system, which is based on a closed loop
recycling economy, would be sustainable in the redevelopment of
a Haitian low income neighborhood?
- What are the physical and environmental, social-cultural and economic, technical and legal,
and the institutional and regulatory characteristics of the context.
- What sanitation systems could be used in an urban low income neighborhoods?
Research goals and questions
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6. Existing global practises Existing local context
in sanitation. understanding and analysis of
description of potential systems existing local context in the
and techniques, with pros, cons following themes:
and conditions. -Physical and environmental
-Socio – cultural and economic
-Technical and legal
Synergizing global practises -Institutional and regulatory
with local context into a choice
of one sustainable system.
Strategy for implementa- Design of neighborhood
tion of a sanitation facility and sanitation facility
in the (re)development of Sanitation identity
a neighborhood Transparancy/awareness
Using provision of sanitation services
Disaster resilient
as a strategic tool for neighborhood
redevelopment. Local embedded: climatical, material and
technical
Research structure
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
7. Who What Method
Sanitation (and water)
In eld experts
- post disaster Environmental.
- sanitation locations of defecation, water supply, washing visit site
infrastructure: sewage, drainage, piping,
? end of line/dump or reuse
structure/buildings for sanitation and water
visit sanitation projects
? - camp
Socail - cultural
sociol-cultural values - neighborhood
? acceptance of use, technologies, handeling, reuse
in food and non-food agriculture
perceptions/ideas on WASH, current and how
should be/preference interview
gender issues
WASH ? safety
religioun
customs and habits cluster meeting
Local inhabitants Saint Marie importance of sanitation, vs. shelter, income, etc
Villa Rosa Economical
expenses spend on use of water and sanitation observations
Camp pp.
nancial capacity of households, expenses
system costs and bene ts currently
mapping
Church organisation
Saint Marie ? Operational
implementation strategy, pitfalls and considera-
tions
used technologies and systems workshop
local practises
NGO practises
technical norm/standards o cial, practise
knowledge and skill people
public/private actors
Research methodology
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8. Who What Method
In eld experts Site
- post disaster
- sanitation population visit site
demography
? climate
geo- topography
visit sanitation projects
? landuse
- camp
built-up area
infrastructure, water, sewage, roads, electricity, - neighborhood
? drainage,
centrality, central functions
public facilities
future plan neighborhood, likely and wished interview
WASH ?
cluster meeting
Local inhabitants Saint Marie
Villa Rosa
observations
Camp
mapping
Church organisation
Saint Marie ?
workshop
Research methodology
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
9. IFRC, Haiti: From sustaining lives to sustainable solutions: the challenge of sanitation, IFRC and RCS: Geneva, 2010
Research methodology
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10. Sanitation systems and technologies
Sanitation
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11. Toilet facilities - Collection and Storage/ - Conveyance - (semi-) Centralized Treatment - Use of Products/Disposal
Local Treatment
Akvo, 2011. Akvopedia Sanitation Portal, Sanitation Technologies. [online] Available at: <http://www.akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Portal:Sanitation> [accessed 14 June
2011]
Sanitation technologies
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
12. Seven system templates covering almost al possible systems.
System 1: Wet mixed blackwater and greywater system with offsite treatment
System 2: Wet mixed blackwater and greywater system with decentralised treatment
System 3: Wet blackwater system
System 4: Wet urine diversion system
System 5: Dry excreta and greywater system
System 6: Dry urine, faeces and greywater diversion system
System 7: Simplified sewers
Systems and technologies are adopted from:
- Lüthi, C., Panesar, A., Schütze, T., Norström, A., McConville, J., Parkinson, J., Saywell, D., Ingle, R., Sustainable Sanitation in Cities – A Framework for Action. Sustainable
Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) & International Forum on Urbanism (IFoU), Papiroz Publishing House: The Netherlands, 2011
- Tilley, Elizabeth et al, Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag): Dübendorf, Switzer-
land, 2008
- Akvo, 2011. Akvopedia Sanitation Portal, Sanitation Technologies. [online] Available at: <http://www.akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Portal:Sanitation> [accessed 14 June
2011]
Sanitation systems
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
13. System 1: Wet mixed blackwater and greywater system with offsite treatment
Urine Grey Water
Faeces Storm water
Flush water
Anal cleansing material
Effluent
Faecal sludge
Flush toilet Conventional Anaerobic Irrigation
Sewer Baffled Reactor
Planted drying Land application
bed
Sanitation systems
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
14. System 2: Wet mixed blackwater and greywater system with decentralised
treatment
Urine
Faeces
Flush water
Anal cleansing material
Biogas
Flush toilet Biogas reactor Constructed Irrigation
wetland
Motorized Planted drying Land application
Emptying bed
Sanitation systems
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
15. System 3: Wet blackwater system
Urine
Faeces
Flush water
Anal cleansing water
Pour flush Twin pits for Human powered Surface
toilet pour flush emptying disposal
Sanitation systems
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
16. System 4: Wet urine diversion system
Urine Grey Water
Faeces Storm water
Flush water
Anal cleansing material
Irrigation
Conventional Anaerobic Planted drying Land application
Sewer Baffled Reactor bed
Storage tanks Jerrycan Application
of urine
Sanitation systems
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
17. System 5: Dry excreta and greywater system
Urine
Faeces
Dry toilet Composting Human powered Applicaton
chamber emptying of compost
Grey water
Constructed (ground)Water
wetland recharge
Sanitation systems
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
18. System 6: Dry urine, faeces and greywater diversion system
Urine
Dehydration Applicaton of de-
Faeces
vault hydrated faeces
UDDT Storage tanks Jerrycan Application
of urine
Grey water
Constructed Irrigation
wetland
Sanitation systems
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
19. System 7: Simplified sewers
Urine
Faeces
Flush water
Anal cleansing water
Pour flush Septic tank Simplified Constructed Irrigation
toilet sewer wetland
Motorized Planted drying Land application
Emptying bed
Sanitation sytems
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
20. Sustainability criteria for sanitation:
Health and hygiene include the risk of exposure to pathogens
and hazardous substances and improvement of livelihood
achieved by the application of a certain sanitation system.
Environment and natural resources involve the resources
needed in the project as well as the degree of recycling and re-
use practiced and the effects of these.
Technology and operation relate to the functionality and ease
of constructing, operating and monitoring the entire system as
well as its robustness and adaptability to existing systems.
Financial and economic issues include the capacity of house-
holds and communities to cover the costs for sanitation as well
as the benefit, e.g. from fertilizer and the external impact on
the economy.
Socio-cultural and institutional aspects refer to the socio-cul-
tural acceptance and appropriateness of the system, percep-
tions, gender issues and compliance with legal and institutional
frameworks.
- SuSanA, Towards more sustainable sanitation solutions, Susana: no place, 2007
Sanitation systems
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
21. Terra Preta Sanitation system
+ No/little use of water
+ High quality compost
+ Little space needed
+ Local materials
? Handling human faeces
? Acceptance human waste in food production Storage + lacto-fermentation
under anaerobic conditions
water
-rainwater waste
-ground water
-surface water human water
UDDT
charcoal faeces
consumption helofyten lter
organic waste urine vermi composting
wood cooking
food
agriculture irrigation
Sanitation systems
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
22. Google Earth, [accessed 14 June 2011]
Caribbean
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23. Google Earth, [accessed 14 June 2011]
Haiti
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
24. Google Earth, [accessed 14 June 2011]
Port au Prince
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
25. Google Earth, [accessed 14 June 2011]
Villa Rosa / Saint Marie
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
26. Google Earth, [accessed 14 June 2011]
Villa Rosa / Saint Marie
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
27. Google Earth, [accessed 14 June 2011]
North view of Villa Rosa / Saint Marie
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
28. H., Alain, 2010. Port au Prince. [online] Available at: < http://www.panoramio.com/photo/2037534?source=wapi&referrer=kh.google.com> [accessed 14 June 2011]
Villa Rosa
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
29. Saint Marie is an attraction point in the area.
Location
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
30. Project can influence/extend to other neighborhoods
Location
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
32. Sanitation identity
The facility is recognisable as a sanitation facility by its design.
Sanitation facility accommodates a communal space for
washing and meeting.
Experience in the informal settlement Old Fadama in Ghana revealed that
washing clothes can be a communal activity where woman meet. This
quality will be included in this design.
Design qualities
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
33. Transparancy / awareness
Through the transparant design the system becomes understandable, creating aware-
ness of the use and value of human waste.
Ooze architects, between the waters, Emscher DE
Design qualities
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
34. Resistant or resilient to natural hazards, i.e. floods, hurricanes and
earthquakes.
Hurricane Flood Earthquake
No large overhang Water resistant wall
Flexible
No large openings Raised floor strong solid
Design qualities
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
35. Local embedded: cultural, climactic, material and technical
Gingerbread house Rural houses
Cuny, Frederick C., Improvement of rural housing in Haiti to withstand hurricanes, Oxfam: no place, 1982
Hammer, Martin, et al, Preserving Haiti’s Gingerbread Houses, World Monuments Fund: New York, 2010
Design qualities
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
36. Contradictions
Transparency vs Closed buildings
Locally embedded (veranda) vs hazard resistant/resilient
Win-win
Flood raised floor + storage space
Design contradictions
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
37. Water cycle
catch
Wind study
storage Water and Sanitation system
use
UDDT
agriculture
catch
clean lacto-fermentation vermi-composting
Design ideas
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
38. Design idea - small scale facility
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
39. Women
Compost
Men
Design ideas large facility
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies
40. Mesi anpil!
Thatu, [online] Available at: <http://www.thatu.org/Sibanye%20Food%20Growing%20Project%20popup.htm> [accessed 14 June 2011]
Questions?
P2 presentatie - 15-06-2011 - Arie van Amerongen - 1366823 - Explore Lab 12/Urban Emergencies