Chapter 08

Chapter Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chapter Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stereochemistry ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Two Simple Theories of Covalent Bonding ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Overview of Chapter ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Overview of Chapter ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Overview of Chapter ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VSEPR Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VSEPR Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VSEPR Theory ,[object Object],[object Object]

VSEPR Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Polar Molecules: The Influence of Molecular Geometry ,[object Object],[object Object],A B A linear molecule nonpolar A B A angular molecule polar

Polar Molecules: The Influence of Molecular Geometry ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Valence Bond (VB) Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Valence Bond (VB) Theory sp 3 d 2 Octahedral 6 sp 3 d Trigonal bipyramidal 5 sp 3 Tetrahedral 4 sp 2 Trigonal planar 3 sp Linear 2 Hybridization Electronic Geometry Regions of High Electron Density

Molecular Shapes and Bonding ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Linear Electronic Geometry:AB 2 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Linear Electronic Geometry:AB 2 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],[object Object],1s 2s 2p Be   3s 3p Cl [Ne]     Lewis Formulas

Linear Electronic Geometry:AB 2 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],Electronic Geometry

Linear Electronic Geometry:AB 2 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],Polarity

Linear Electronic Geometry:AB 2 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],1s 2s 2p Be   1s sp hybrid 2p     3s 3p Cl [Ne]       

Linear Electronic Geometry:AB 2 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A)

Trigonal Planar Electronic Geometry: AB 3 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Trigonal Planar Electronic Geometry: AB 3 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],[object Object],Lewis Formulas 1s 2s 2p B      3s 3p Cl [Ne]       

Trigonal Planar Electronic Geometry: AB 3 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],Electronic Geometry

Trigonal Planar Electronic Geometry: AB 3 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],Polarity

Trigonal Planar Electronic Geometry: AB 3 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],1s 2s 2p B       1s sp 2 hybrid         3s 3p Cl [Ne]       

Trigonal Planar Electronic Geometry: AB 3 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A)

Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: AB 4 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: AB 4 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],2s 2p C [He]       1s H  Lewis Formulas

Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: AB 4 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],Electronic Geometry

Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: AB 4 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],Polarity

Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: AB 4 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) ,[object Object], 2s 2p C [He]      four sp 3 hybrid orbitals  C [He]         1s H 

Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: AB 4 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A)

Example of Molecules with More Than One Central Atom Alkanes C n H 2n+2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Example of Molecules with More Than One Central Atom Alkanes C n H 2n+2

Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: AB 3 U Species (One Lone Pair of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: AB 3 U Species (One Lone Pair of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],Lewis Formulas 2s 2p N [He]        2s 2p F [He]        1s H 

Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: AB 3 U Species (One Lone Pair of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],Electronic Geometry

Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: AB 3 U Species (One Lone Pair of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],Polarity

Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: AB 3 U Species (One Lone Pair of Electrons on A) ,[object Object], 2s 2p N [He]        four sp 3 hybrids        

Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: AB 2 U 2 Species (Two Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: AB 2 U 2 Species (Two Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],[object Object],Lewis Formulas 2s 2p O [He]        1s H  

Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: AB 2 U 2 Species (Two Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],Polarity

Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: AB 2 U 2 Species (Two Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) ,[object Object], 2s 2p O [He]        four sp 3 hybrids        

Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: ABU 3 Species (Three Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: ABU 3 Species (Three Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],Electronic Geometry

Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: ABU 3 Species (Three Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) ,[object Object],Polarity HF is a polar molecule.

Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: ABU 3 Species (Three Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) ,[object Object], 2s 2p F [He]        four sp 3 hybrids        

Trigonal Bipyramidal Electronic Geometry: AB 5 , AB 4 U, AB 3 U2, and AB 2 U 3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Trigonal Bipyramidal Electronic Geometry: AB 5 , AB 4 U, AB 3 U2, and AB 2 U 3 ,[object Object],Lewis Formulas 4s 4p As [Ar] 3d 10        2s 2p F [He]       

Trigonal Bipyramidal Electronic Geometry: AB 5 , AB 4 U, AB 3 U2, and AB 2 U 3 ,[object Object],Electronic Geometry

Trigonal Bipyramidal Electronic Geometry: AB 5 , AB 4 U, AB 3 U2, and AB 2 U 3 ,[object Object],Polarity

Trigonal Bipyramidal Electronic Geometry: AB 5 , AB 4 U, AB 3 U2, and AB 2 U 3 ,[object Object],4s 4p 4d As [Ar] 3d 10          five sp 3 d hybrids 4d          

Trigonal Bipyramidal Electronic Geometry: AB 5 , AB 4 U, AB 3 U2, and AB 2 U 3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Trigonal Bipyramidal Electronic Geometry: AB 5 , AB 4 U, AB 3 U2, and AB 2 U 3 ,[object Object]

Trigonal Bipyramidal Electronic Geometry: AB 5 , AB 4 U, AB 3 U 2 , and AB 2 U 3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Octahedral Electronic Geometry: AB 6 , AB 5 U, and AB 4 U 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Octahedral Electronic Geometry: AB 6 , AB 5 U, and AB 4 U 2 ,[object Object],Lewis Formulas 4s 4p Se [Ar] 3d 10         2s 2p F [He]       

Octahedral Electronic Geometry: AB 6 , AB 5 U, and AB 4 U 2 ,[object Object],Polarity

Octahedral Electronic Geometry: AB 6 , AB 5 U, and AB 4 U 2 ,[object Object], 4s 4p 4d Se [Ar] 3d 10          six sp 3 d 2 hybrids 4d            

Octahedral Electronic Geometry: AB 6 , AB 5 U, and AB 4 U 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Octahedral Electronic Geometry: AB 6 , AB 5 U, and AB 4 U 2 ,[object Object]

Compounds Containing Double Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Compounds Containing Double Bonds ,[object Object]

Compounds Containing Double Bonds ,[object Object],C C H H H H

Compounds Containing Double Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2s 2p three sp 2 hybrids 2p C             

Compounds Containing Double Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object],Top view of an sp 2 hybrid

Compounds Containing Double Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object],Side view of sp 2 hybrid with p orbital included.

Compounds Containing Triple Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Compounds Containing Triple Bonds ,[object Object],VSEPR Theory suggests regions of high electron density are 180 o apart. H C C H

Compounds Containing Triple Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2s 2p two sp hybrids 2p C [He]             

Compounds Containing Triple Bonds ,[object Object]

Compounds Containing Triple Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object]

Summary of Electronic & Molecular Geometries

Synthesis Question ,[object Object]

Group Question ,[object Object]

End of Chapter 8 ,[object Object],[object Object]

Chapter 08

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Chapter 08