23. medicinal trees pests By Allah Dad Khan

2. Insect Pest and Diseases of
Crop, Fruits and Vegetables
an overview
By
Allah Dad Khan
PPD NWFP

3. How insects caused damage
Insects caused damage to a wide
variety of crops , stored products
.Each item may be attacked by
several insects species each causing
a different type of damage.
There are two types of damages
1. Direct Damages
2.Indirect Damages

4. 1.Direct Damages
It is the result of the insect own activities
such as feeding or oviposition.Can be
classified as
1. Feeding Chewing Type
Grass Hoppers , Caterpillars ,Leaf
miners ,Beetles
( Larvae). Flies ( Larvae) Moth( Larvae),
Stem Borers ( Larvae), Fruit Borers
( Larvae)
2.Feeding Sucking Type

5. 1.Direct Damages
3.Toxin
Potato or bean leaf hopper
Potato Psyllid (only the nymph produces
the toxin , and a small number of nymph
can destroy an healthy crop.
4. Injury by ovipositor
Crickets ,Cicadas , Tree Hoppers.
5.Spoilage
Hop Aphid
Other Aphids

6. Caterpillar Emerging from Egg

7. CATERPILLAR DAMAGING

8. Aphids on a Cabbage Plant

9. Fruit Fly Laying Egg

10. Thrips-caused plant damage.

11. Whitefly on cauliflower

12. Leaf miner

13. Pod Borer on Mung

14. Defoliating larva on leaf.

15. Fruit tree leaf roler

17. IMPORTANT SPECIES
Bactrocera zonata- Peach fruit fly
B. Dorsalis - Oriental fruit fly
B. Cucurbitae - Melon fruit fly
B. ciliatus – Ethiopian fruit fly
Myopardalis pardalina
Ceratitis capitata Med-fly

18. 2. Indirect damages
Transmission of plant pathogens.
Leaf Hopper transmits disease of aster
yellow.
Beet leaf hopper transmits curly top
disease of sugar beet.
Cucumber beetle transmits Cucurbit wilt
disease
Beetles transmits fire blight a bacterial
disease in pears
Plum curculio transmits brown rot of

19. Agriculture Crops Pests
1. Insects , mites and nematodes.
Insects have 6 Legs.
( Egg, Larva., Pupa and Adult complete
metamorphosis)
( Egg, Nymph and adult incomplete
metamorphosis)
Mites have 8 Legs( Egg, Nymph and adult
incomplete metamorphosis)
Nematodes
True eelworms have no legs. ( Microscopic in
size, may be either ectoparasitic,
endoparasitic or forming Knot)

20. Agriculture Crops Pests-Contd
2. Diseases.
Causal organisms
Fungi
Bacteria
Virus.
Environmental or physiological diseases.

21. Agriculture Crops Pests-Contd
3.Rodents.
1. Rabbits
2. Rates
3. Mice
4. Gophers
5. Moles

22. Animals Rodents

23. Agriculture Crops Pests-Contd
4.Weeds.
Annual
Lambs Quarter( Chenipodium album)
Pig weed( Amaranthus retroflexus)
Biennial
Shepherd purse (Capsella Bursapastoris)
Pepper grass( Lepidium virginicum)
Perennial
Bind weed ( Convolvulus arvensis)
Johnson grass ( Sorghum halepense)

24. Crops
Sugarcane
Maize
Rice
Wheat
Vegetables
Fruits

25. Sugar cane
Harmful Insects
Top borer ( Chooti ka Gurwan)
Stem Borer ( Tunai Ka Gurwan)
Gurdaspur Borer ( Goordas Gurwan)
Root borer ( Jarr KA Gurwan)
Pyrilla ( Goorah Makhi)
RedMite (Surkh Joon)
Termites ( Deemak)
Jassid ( Chust telia)
Whit fly ( Sufeed makhi)
Mealy bug

26. Sugar cane
Diseases
Red rot ( Ruta roog)
Whip Smut ( Kangiari)
Mosaic ( Chukabri)
Rust (Kungi )
Red Stripe (Surkh burgi dharian)
Wilt ( Sooka)

27. Sugar cane
Weeds
Peeli dhodak
Choolai
Khabal gass
Phoolan Gass
Deela
Leeli
Dhodhak
Crab gass
Tandla
Dhadhan
Hazar dani

29. Maize Harmful Insects
Maize Stem Borer ( Tunay ki sundai)
Maize shoot fly ( Koonpal ki
makhi)
Maize Jassids ( Chust telia)
Maize aphids ( Susat telia)
Army worm ( Lushkari sundai)
Cut worm ( Choor keera)
Termites ( Deemak)

30. Maize Stem BorerMaize Stem Borer

31. 2.Maize Aphids
Nymph Winged Adult

32. TermitesTermites

33. Army Worm

34. Maize Diseases
Maize head smut
Fusarium stalk rot
Common rust
Anthracnose Leaf Blight (Fungus)

35. Maize head smut

36. Fusarium stalk rot

37. Common rust

38. Anthracnose Leaf Blight (Fungus)

39. Maize Weeds
1. Jungli cholai
2. Dehla
3. Khabal gass
4. Kulfa
5. Swank
6. Tandla
7. Mandana
8. Bhakhra
9. Leeli
10. Krund
11. Buru gass
12. Dhodhak
13. Itsit
14. Mako

40. Rice
Insects
Stem borer ( Tunay ka gurwan)
Aphids ( Telia)
Hopper ( Hopper)
Leaf Roler ( Leaf roler)
Army worm
Grass hopper
Hispa ( saya bhoondi)

41. Rice
Diseases
Rice blast ( Dehan ka bubhka)
Rice blight ( Julsaoo)

42. Rice weeds
Mirch booti
Dhedhan
Dehla
Boohien
Gohein
Khabal
Naroo
Lehli
Chapati fern
Mandana grass

43. Wheat Insects
Grass hopper
Army worm
Aphids
Termites

44. Wheat Diseases
Rust
Smut

45. Wheat weeds
Pholi
Piazi
Lehli
Bathu
Mina
Sanji
Bili booti
Chatri dhodhak
Jamdar
Jangli palak
Krund
Shahtra
Jangli mattar
Jhangli haloon
Khabal
Dumbi sutty

46. Rabi Vegetables insects
Cabbage buterfly
Semi looper
Caterpillar
Diamond back moth
Mealy bug
Saw fly
Onion thrips
Pea moth
Leaf miner
Aphid
Army worm
Cut worm
Fruit borer

49. 49

50. Rabi Vegetables Diseases
Potato blight ( Early & Late)
Tomato blight ( Early & Late)
Root rot
Collar rot
Fruit rot

51. Rabi weeds
Bathu
Bili booti
Jangli palak
Jangli choolai
Jangli haloon
Chandani
Sanji
Krund
Lehli
Mina
Khabal

52. Kharif vegetables
Insects
Aphids
Fruit fly

53. Kharif Vegetables
Diseases
Damping off
Powdery mildew
Downy mildew
Mosaic virus
Root knot nematodes

54. Kharif Weeds
Itsit
Tandla Cholai
Dehla
Khabhal
Kulfa
Loomer gass
Mandhana gass
Bathu
Mako
Hazardani

55. Citrus
Insects
Leaf miner (Surang bananay wala keera)
Red and yellow scale
Black aphids
Lemon buterfly
Citrus psylla
Citrus buterfly ( Teetri)
Citrus white fly ( Sufeed makhi)
Citrus fruitfly ( Phal ki makhi)

56. Citrus FFS Orchards

58. Citrus
Diseases
Citrus canker
Wither tip
Foot rot
Gumosis
Virus tristesia
Greening
Nematodes

59. Beneficial insects
Beneficial Insects ( Predators Shakari Keeray)
LLB
Praying Mantis
Orius bugs
Chrysopa
Beetle
Spiders
Predatory mites
Lace wing
Syrphid fly
Dragon fly
Damsel fly
Assassin bug
Ants
( Parasites Tufeely Keeri)
Trichogramma ( Larva parasite)
Costesia flavipes ( Larvae parasite)Epiricania melanolenca ( Adult killing)
Ichnid fly

60. 1. Lady bird beetle

61. Lady bird Beetle

62. LBB egg mass

63. 2. Praying mantids

64. Praying mantids

65. Praying mantids

66. 3. Orius bugs

67. 4. Green Lacewing
chrysoperla sp

68. 5. Ground beetle

69. Cater pillar hunter beetle

70. 6. Spiders
Harvestman, Daddy longlegs, Harvest spider
Phalangium opilio
(Arachnida: Opiliones, Phalangiidae)
L-Harvestman adult male (Phalangium opilio)
R-Harvestman adult female (Phalangium opilio

71. Spider

72. 7. Predatory Mites contd

73. 8. Chrysoperia

74. 9. Syrphid fly

75. Syrphid fly

76. 10. Damsel fly

77. 11. Dragon fly

78. 12. Asssasan bug

79. 13. Ants

80. 14. Ant lion

81. 15 Pirate bugs

82. 16 .Stink bug

83. 17. Ambush bug

84. Parasitoid Trichogramma
Trichogramma wasps
Parasite Cabbageworm, tomato
hornworm,Corn earworm,
codling moth, Cutworm,
Armyworm, Webworm,
Cabbage looper, Corn borer,
moth & butterfly eggs

85. Parasitoid Braconidae

86. Parasitoid Encarsia formosa
EncarsiaEncarsia formosa
Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae
Tiny parasiticWasp PARASTOID

87. Ichneumon fly/wasp Parastoids

88. Trichopoda pennipes
(Diptera: Tachinidae
Trichopoda pennipes adult

89. Anaphes flavipes
(Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)
A. flavipes female
on host egg.

90. Encarsia inaron
(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)
Left: Adult female Encarsia inaron.
Right: E. inaron exit holes (arrow) from
Ash whitefly nymphs.

91. “We must have insect
control, I do not favor
turning nature over to
insects. I favor the
sparing, selective and
intelligent use of
chemicals. It is the
indiscriminate, blanket
spraying that I oppose”
(Rachel Carson, 1962)

92. gives us
the right
to know.”
(Rachel
Carson,
1962)

93. Hands Picking Poison
I am the future, Protect me Please
Pesticide
s

94. PARADIGM SHIFTS IN IPM
From chemical to a
more ECOLOGICAL
approach
From a top-down
delivery mechanism
of technology to
EDUCATION, i.e. a
focus on
understanding rather
than following
instructions or
adopting a package
of practices

95. THANKTHANK
YOUYOU