This document discusses the properties of matter and how they are measured according to the International System of Units (SI). It covers the general and specific properties of matter, as well as how length, mass, time, temperature, surface area, volume, and density are measured using base SI units like meters, kilograms, and liters. Multiple and submultiple prefixes are used to modify these base units to suitable scales for scientific measurement.

1. Matter and its properties CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK

2. Derived quantities Surface area Volume Density Contents Matter Properties International System Base quantities Length Mass Temperature Time H ands on Using graphs HOME HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK

3. Resources HOME What are the properties of matter? How is length measured? How is mass measured? How is temperature measured? How is surface area measured? How is volume measured? How is density measured? Using graphs HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK How is time measured? Animation: Measuring matter What is the International System of Units? What unit of measurement is used? Links

6. What is the International System of Units (SI)? The International System of Units (SI) is used for scientific measurement. HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK Physical quantities Base units Derived units

7. What is the International System of Units (SI)? The International Systems of Units (SI) is used for scientific measurement. Physical quantities Properties of matter which can be measured: length, mass, surface area, volume, etc. A table can be measured using different units: four hands three pencils unit 0.59 m 0.61 m 0.60 m Error in measuring Arithmetic mean, or average HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK 0.59 + 0.61 + 0.60 1.8 = = 3 3 0.60 GO BACK

8. What is the International System of Units (SI)? The International Systems of Units (SI) is used for scientific measurement. Base units They are used to measure the physical quantities of: mass (kg) length (m) time (s) HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK GO BACK Physical quantities

9. What is the International System of Units (SI)? The International Systems of Units (SI) is used for scientific measurement. Derived units These are obtained from a combination of base units. They are used to measure: density (kg/m 3 ) surface area (m 2 ) volume (m 3 ) Rice HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK GO BACK Physical quantities

10. Animation: Measuring matter HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK

11. Length is measured in metres. How is length measured? Multiples and submultiples of a metre 1.67 m equals 167 cm 2.5 cm equals 0.025 m Changing units: Unit and symbol Equivalence in metres Kilometre (km) 1,000 m hectometre (hm) 100 m decametre (dam) 10 m metre (m) 1 m decimetre (dm) 0.1 m centimetre (cm) 0.01 m millimetre (mm) 0.001 m micrometre ( μm) 0.000001 m HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK

12. Mass is measured in kilograms. How is mass measured? Multiples and submultiples of a kilogram Scales: Electronic scale Unit and symbol Equivalence in kilograms Ton (t) 1,000 kg Kilogram (kg) 1 kg Hectogram (hg) 0.1 kg Decagram (dag) 0.01 kg Gram (g) 0.001 kg Decigram (dg) 0.0001 kg Centigram (cg) 0.00001 kg HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK Traditional scale

13. It is equal to the mass of the prototype of the kilogram. INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM: The unit of mass is the kilogram. How is mass measured? Multiples and submultiples of a kilogram Scales: mass a standard weight The scale is balanced. GO BACK Measuring mass Unit and symbol Equivalence in kilograms Ton (t) 1,000 kg Kilogram (kg) 1 kg Hectogram (hg) 0.1 kg Decagram (dag) 0.01 kg Gram (g) 0.001 kg Decigram (dg) 0.0001 kg Centigram (cg) 0.00001 kg HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK

14. How is temperature measured? Heat transmission Units of temperature ºC K 100 0 -273 Degrees Celsius Kelvin INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM 373 273 0 Increase in temperature HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK CLICK TO SEE PROCESS CLICK TO SEE PROCESS

15. How is temperature measured? Heat transmission Units of temperature ºC K 100 0 -273 Degrees Celsius Kelvin INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM 373 273 0 2 ºC Air at 10 ºC ice 10 ºC water Increase in temperature HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK GO BACK CLICK TO SEE PROCESS

16. How is temperature measured? Heat transmission Units of temperature ºC K 100 0 -273 Degrees Celsius Kelvin INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM 373 273 0 Increase in temperature 0 ºC 20 ºC 100 ºC HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK CLICK TO SEE PROCESS GO BACK

17. How is time measured? second Time is measured in seconds. minute hour One minute (min) is equal to 60 seconds (s). One hour (h) is equal to 60 minutes. One year is equal to 365 days. A century is equal to 100 years. One day (d) is equal to 24 hours. HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK

18. How is surface area measured? Multiples and submultiples of a square metre To calculate the surface area of: Unit of surface area HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK Regular shaped objects Circular objects Irregular shaped objects Unit and symbol (INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM) Equivalence in square metres square kilometre (km 2 ) 1,000,000 m 2 square hectometre (hm 2 ) 10,000 m 2 square decametre (dam 2 ) 100 m 2 square metre (m 2 ) 1 m 2 square decimetres (dm 2 ) 0.01 m 2 square centimetres (cm 2 ) 0.001 m 2 square millimetres (mm 2 ) 0.000001 m 2

19. How is surface area measured? Multiples and submultiples of a square metre To calculate the surface area of: Regular shaped objects base height Unit of surface area HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK base x height 2 triangle GO BACK Unit and symbol (INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM) Equivalence in square metres square kilometre (km 2 ) 1,000,000 m 2 square hectometre (hm 2 ) 10,000 m 2 square decametre (dam 2 ) 100 m 2 square metre (m 2 ) 1 m 2 square decimetres (dm 2 ) 0.01 m 2 square centimetres (cm 2 ) 0.001 m 2 square millimetres (mm 2 ) 0.000001 m 2

20. How is surface area measured? Multiples and submultiples of a square metre Unit of surface area To calculate the surface area of: Circular objects radius π x r 2 Unit and symbol (INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM) Equivalence in square metres square kilometre (km 2 ) 1,000,000 m 2 square hectometre (hm 2 ) 10,000 m 2 square decametre (dam 2 ) 100 m 2 square metre (m 2 ) 1 m 2 square decimetres (dm 2 ) 0.01 m 2 square centimetres (cm 2 ) 0.001 m 2 square millimetres (mm 2 ) 0.000001 m 2 HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK circle GO BACK

21. How is surface area measured? Multiples and submultiples of a square metre Unit of surface area To calculate the surface area of: Irregular shaped objects The sum of the surface areas of a figure Unit and symbol (INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM) Equivalence in square metres square kilometre (km 2 ) 1,000,000 m 2 square hectometre (hm 2 ) 10,000 m 2 square decametre (dam 2 ) 100 m 2 square metre (m 2 ) 1 m 2 square decimetres (dm 2 ) 0.01 m 2 square centimetres (cm 2 ) 0.001 m 2 square millimetres (mm 2 ) 0.000001 m 2 HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK estimation GO BACK

22. How is volume measured? Equivalences between volume and capacity Volume Multiples and submultiples of a litre (INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM) Unit of volume To measure the volume of: Capacity 1 km 3 10 9 kL 1 hm 3 10 6 kL 1 dam 3 1,000 kL 1 m 3 1,000 L 1 dm 3 1 L 1 cm 3 1 mL 1 mm 3 0.001 mL Unit and symbol Equivalence in litres Kilolitre (kL) 1,000 L Hectolitre (hL) 100 L Decalitre (daL) 10 L Litre (L) 1 L Decilitre (dL) 0.1 L Centilitre (cL) 0.01 L Millilitre (mL) 0.001 L HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK Regular geometric solids Liquids Irregular shaped solids Gases

23. How is volume measured? Equivalences between volume and capacity Volume Unit of volume To measure the volume of: Regular geometric solids 1 m 1 m 1 m 1 m x 1 m x 1 m is equal to 1 m 3 Multiples and submultiples of a litre (INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM) Capacity 1 km 3 10 9 kL 1 hm 3 10 6 kL 1 dam 3 1,000 kL 1 m 3 1,000 L 1 dm 3 1 L 1 cm 3 1 mL 1 mm 3 0.001 mL Unit and symbol Equivalence in litres Kilolitre (kL) 1,000 L Hectolitre (hL) 100 L Decalitre (daL) 10 L Litre (L) 1 L Decilitre (dL) 0.1 L Centilitre (cL) 0.01 L Millilitre (mL) 0.001 L HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK cube GO BACK

24. How is volume measured? Equivalences between volume and capacity Volume Unit of volume To measure the volume of: Irregular shaped solids volume of the object solid Multiples and submultiples of a litre (INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM) Capacity 1 km 3 10 9 kL 1 hm 3 10 6 kL 1 dam 3 1,000 kL 1 m 3 1,000 L 1 dm 3 1 L 1 cm 3 1 mL 1 mm 3 0.001 mL Unit and symbol Equivalence in litres Kilolitre (kL) 1,000 L Hectolitre (hL) 100 L Decalitre (daL) 10 L Litre (L) 1 L Decilitre (dL) 0.1 L Centilitre (cL) 0.01 L Millilitre (mL) 0.001 L HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK GO BACK

25. How is volume measured? Equivalences between volume and capacity Volume Unit of volume To measure the volume of: Liquids volume of the liquid Multiples and submultiples of a litre (INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM) Capacity 1 km 3 10 9 kL 1 hm 3 10 6 kL 1 dam 3 1,000 kL 1 m 3 1,000 L 1 dm 3 1 L 1 cm 3 1 mL 1 mm 3 0.001 mL Unit and symbol Equivalence in litres Kilolitre (kL) 1,000 L Hectolitre (hL) 100 L Decalitre (daL) 10 L Litre (L) 1 L Decilitre (dL) 0.1 L Centilitre (cL) 0.01 L Millilitre (mL) 0.001 L HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK GO BACK

26. How is volume measured? Equivalences between volume and capacity Volume Unit of volume To measure the volume of: Gases Multiples and submultiples of a litre (INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM) initial volume final volume volume of the gas Capacity 1 km 3 10 9 kL 1 hm 3 10 6 kL 1 dam 3 1,000 kL 1 m 3 1,000 L 1 dm 3 1 L 1 cm 3 1 mL 1 mm 3 0.001 mL Unit and symbol Equivalence in litres Kilolitre (kL) 1,000 L Hectolitre (hL) 100 L Decalitre (daL) 10 L Litre (L) 1 L Decilitre (dL) 0.1 L Centilitre (cL) 0.01 L Millilitre (mL) 0.001 L HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK GO BACK

27. How is density measured? Densities of some substances water (more dense) The mass of one litre of oil is 900 grams. The mass of one litre of water is 1,000 grams. Density is defined as: mass kg volume m 3 Unit of density (INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM) oil (less dense) Substance Density (g/cm 3 ) water 1.0 oil 0.9 petrol 0.7 lead 11.3 iron 7.9 mercury 13.5 HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK

28. Using graphs Steps to draw a graph: water thermometer Time (min) Temperature (ºC) 0 18 1 18 3 32 5 46 7 60 9 74 11 88 13 100 15 100 1 Draw the coordinate axes on squared paper. 2 Mark the points on the graph. 3 Draw a line to join all the points. Time (min) 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 Temperature (ºC) 100 80 60 40 20 0 HOME HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK

29. Interactive activity: What unit of measurement is used? HOME HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK

30. Links HOME HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK GO TO WEBSITE International System of Units (SI) GO TO WEBSITE Finding the mass, volume or density of an object