The document provides information on three immune system conditions: Hodgkin's disease is a cancer of the lymph nodes that starts as an abnormal B-cell and spreads through the lymphatic system. Symptoms include swollen lymph nodes and it is treated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy or stem cell transplants. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma also starts as an abnormal B-cell or T-cell in the lymph nodes and spreads similarly, treated with the same therapies. Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction caused by foods, medications or insect venom that results in a sudden drop in blood pressure and airway constriction. It is treated through epinephrine injection, oxygen, antihistamines

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In-depth Look at Three Immune System Pathological Terms
Hodgkin’s Disease (HD), Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL), and Anaphylactic Shock

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Hodgkin’s Disease: What is it?
 Hodgkin’s Disease (HD) is a cancer that starts in the lymph
nodes of the lymphatic system3.
 There are two types of HD3:
 Classical Type: the abnormal cells are Reed-Sternberg cells with
other abnormal cells called Hodgkin cells
 Rare Type: the abnormal cells are Lymphocyte-Predominant
Hodgkin Lymphoma.

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Hodgkin’s Disease: Manifestation
 HD almost always starts when a B-cell in the lymph node
becomes abnormal3. These abnormal cells multiply and
spread. As the abnormal cells multiply, white blood cells
congregate around the abnormal cells which causes swelling of
the lymph node3
 The cancer cells spread from lymph node to lymph node,
eventually entering the blood stream and spreading to the
spleen, liver, lungs, bone, and bone marrow3.
 Physicians use staging tests to determine the amount of
spreading. These tests include PET scans, CT scans,
lymphadenectomy and bone marrow biopsies.

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Hodgkin’s Disease: Treatment
 Treatment options include:
 Chemotherapy
 Targeted Therapy
 Radiation Therapy
 Stem Cell Transplant

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Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: What is it?
 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) is a type of cancer that starts
in the lymph nodes of the lymphatic system1
 NHL is more common than Hodgkin’s disease1
 There are many subtypes of NHL depending on what
lymphocyte has mutated.
 If the B-cells are abnormal then the NHL may be large B-cell
lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, or Burkitt
lymphoma1
 If the T-cells are abnormal then the NHL may be peripheral T-cell
lymphoma or cutaneous T-cell lymphoma1

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Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:
Manifestation
 HD starts when a B-cell or a T-cell in the lymph node become
abnormal. These abnormal cells multiply and spread. As the
abnormal cells multiply, white blood cells congregate around
the abnormal cells which causes swelling of the lymph node1
 The abnormal cells can spread from lymph node to lymph node
and can eventually spread into other parts of the lymphatic
system and eventually into other organs
 Physicians use the same staging tests as Hodgkin’s Disease to
determine the amount of spreading. These tests include PET
scans, CT scans, lymphadenectomy and bone marrow
biopsies.

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Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:
Treatment
 Treatment options are the same as Hodgkin’s Disease:
 Chemotherapy
 Targeted Therapy
 Radiation Therapy
 Stem Cell Transplant

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Anaphylactic Shock: What is it?
 Anaphylactic Shock, also called anaphylaxis, is a severe
allergic reaction that is potentially life threatening
 Anaphylaxis can be caused by certain foods, medications,
insect venom, and latex2
 Symptoms include trouble breathing, a weak and rapid pulse,
skin rash, nausea, and vomiting2

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Anaphylactic Shock: Manifestation
 When the immune system detects an allergen (such as food or
bee venom it releases an overwhelming amount of chemicals
that can cause the body to go in shock2
 Most people may only have a mild allergic reaction, but some
people have a magnified reaction with their immune systems
producing too many chemicals
 When the body goes into shock the blood pressure drops
suddenly, making the airways narrow which blocks normal
breathing2

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Anaphylactic Shock: Treatment
 Treatment includes2:
 Injection of epinephrine
 CPR
 Oxygen
 Intravenous antihistamines and cortisone
 Beta-agonist (to relieve breathing symptoms)

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References:
1. Mayo Medical Staff. “Disease and Conditions: Non-Hodgkin’s
Lymphoma.” Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical
Education and Research. 26 July 2013. Web. 25 June 2014.
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/non-hodgkins-
lymphoma/basics/definition/con-20027792.
2. Mayo Medical Staff. “Disease and Conditions: Anaphylaxis.”
Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation For Medical Education and
Research. 16 January 2013. Web. 25 June 2014.
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/anaphylaxis/basics/definition/con-20014324
3. The National Cancer Institute. “What You Need to Know About
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.” National Cancer Institute: At the National
Institutes of Health. National Cancer Institute. 31 July 2013.
Web. 25 June 2014.
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/hodgkin.