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Switching on sex: Mastered by SRY gene
- 1. Males and females differ in physical activity http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/h04-010
- 2. Gender Examination Human rights humiliation until 1969 when sex chromosome diagnosis was established http://www.cliparthut.com/clip-arts/1614/black-and-white-cartoon-doctor-1614764.jpg
- 3. Human sex chromosomes https://amasianv.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/sex-chromosomes1.jpg Barr body
- 5. Crossing over and SRY abnormalities https://amasianv.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/xx-male1.jpg PAR PAR PAR PAR
- 6. Examples of abnormal cases of SRY Infertile Infertile http://iws.inha.ac.kr/~biology/lab9/genetics/figure/gene6.jpg
- 7. Examples of abnormal cases of SRY http://www.lasprovincias.es/las_provincias/noticias/201508/07/media/87282977.jpg Maria Patino 1983 – Received “certificate of femininity” 1985 – found to be “XY” and infertile female
- 8. What are the causes for these abnormalities DNA crossover abnormality Mobile phone signals Nutrition level Activity level Hypothesis: Environmental factors we interact with mostly
- 9. 1-Mobile phone signals (Radio signals) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/33/EM-spectrum.png 103 meters 10-3 meters
- 10. https://www.rfsafe.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/non-ionizing-radiation-cell-phone-ros- dna-damage-two-stage.jpg 1-Mobile phone signals (Radio signals)
- 11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15910543 1-Mobile phone signals (Radio signals)
- 12. 2-Activity level http://cardiovascres.oxfordjournals.org/content/73/2/326 Defining moderate exercise from the article:
- 14. 3-Nutrition level It has been documented that the deficiency of such nutrients (Folate, Iron, Zinc, Niacin, Vitamin C, and Selenium) may result in the disruption of genomic integrity and alteration of DNA. Thus, nutrients act as catalytic to stabilize DNA structure. http://www.spectracell.com/media/uploaded/4/0e2008887_444fullpaper2002jnutrgenenutrien tinteractionsanddnamethylation.pdf
- 15. 3-Nutrition level Lack of iron will reduce the DNA methylation and thus increases the DNA instability which will lead to DNA breakage and lack of protection http://www.researchgate.net/publication/275368066/figure/fig1/Figure-35-Scheme27.-Iron- catalyzed-methylation-of--unsaturated-acids-with-DTBP.AS:267425791909920@1440770685326
- 16. Why these factors? Because they all lead to high incidents of DNA breakage which will increase the probability of breaking the Y chromosome just on the SRY region and that will lead to missing the SRY from the Y chromosome or transferring it to the X chromosome.
- 17. https://hms.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/assets/Shay_mouse-and-man_360.jpg How to study these factors
- 18. Control groups 4X Experimental groups SRY normality testing SRY normality testing SRY normality testing SRY normality testing SRY normality testing SRY normality testing SRY normality testing Grp 1 Grp 2 Grp 3 Grp 4 Grp 5 Grp 6 Grp 7 Grp 1 Grp 2 Grp 3 Grp 4 Grp 5 Grp 6 Grp 7 How to study these factors Testing methods QF-PCR and FISH analysis
- 19. success in biology: it describes individual reproductive success and is equal to the average contribution to the gene pool of the next generation that is made by an average individual of the specified genotype or phenotype. Why is this study important? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitness_(biology)
- 20. Since I have just defined success in biology; thus, as caring biologist team we are going to work very hard to identify the factors from our daily life that affect the SRY abnormality to generate successful future generations and protect our human community Why is this study important?
Editor's Notes
- Dosage compensation
- Talk about the SRY
- Talk about the ABNORMAL BREAKAGE of the DNA
- We know how these abnormalities happen but what are the inducers/enhancers for these events? DNA is greatly affected by our environment/surroundings What are the main factors we interact with daily could affect our gametes production?
- The high temperature and waves will break the DNA
- Evidence that DNA break and lose some portions of it
- Low activity level increases the cellular stress
- DNA breakage due to oxidative stress
- Methylation act as a regulator for the genetic information where the breakage will occur
- Because they all lead to DNA breakage where there is a big probability of breaking the Y chromosome after the SRY region and that will lead to missing the SRY or transferring it to the X chromosome
- Should I use humans for my study?? I think I will have some ethical issues if I do so. Since mice have SRY same as humans, we will be using mice to test our factors. Not only that, but we are going to study only males since they are the only carriers to the Y chromosome (where the SRY is). Talk about the grouping of mice and stuff
- Biology is the origin of what we are on right now and biology really care about the success.