2. What is Tactics?
Tactics are the specific actions, sequences of actions,
and schedules you use to fulfil your strategy
Tactics are methods by which performers try to outwit
(get the better of, beat) an opponent.
Tactics are the skills required in any game that allows a
player or team to effectively use their skills and talent to
the best possible advantage
Consists of tactical actions as well as other measures
which are adopted before or during the competition for
successful participation.
3. Tactical preparation relates to measures (specially
organized physical exercises, trials, mental drills,
modelling etc.) whose aim is to instil/inspire/encourage
cognitive competitive tactics.
Tactical preparation enables athletes to make the most
effective utilization of their motor and technical abilities
in competitions.
Strategy and tactics should not used interchangeably.
Strategy is the overall plan for successful participation in
competition where as tactics is the actual realisation of
strategy in practice
4. Tactics aims at hindering or negatively affecting the
opponents through motor actions or other means.
Use of certain type of behaviour or actions before or
during the competition with the aim of achieving
negative psychological effect on the opponent
(language, gesture, warm up before competition starts)
5. Many times in sports tactics aim at influencing the
judgement or decision of the judges
The means of tactics may be motor actions, gestures,
behaviour or even language and it may be used before
the competition or during the competition
6. Tactical action is a motor action done with some
tactical purpose.
Tactical action is an activity which aims at optimum
success and is done in consideration of total
competition conditions, self strengths and weaknesses
of the opponent
Tactical action can be divided in to three phases
A tactical action is of complex psycho-physical nature
and its three phases are interlinked and
7. These phases are:
1. Perception and analysis of competition situation
2. Mental solution of the tactical task
3. Motor solution of the tactical task
8. Perception and analysis of the competition situation is the
first phase of a tactical action.
The speed and accuracy of this phase is decisive.
Memory plays a vital role in perception and analysis of the
situation
In addition to the stored experiences in the memory
perception depends on several factors:
Anticipation(eagerness), orientation(direction), interest,
motivation etc.
9. On the basis of the perceived situation the sports man
has to analyse the situation and recognise the task to be
tackled.
Analysis is a complex cognitive process and depends
much on the memory and the ability of the sportsman to
think logically.
Can be improved by training and should be adequately
stressed in tactical training through appropriate means.
10. Finding mental solution for the perceived tactical task
Depends on the stored experiences in the memory
Important factors which influence or determine the
speed and quality of mental solution are:
Knowledge about one’s own abilities
Knowledge about the abilities of the opponent
The awareness of competition situation
Experience
Tactical knowledge
Problem solving ability(tactical thinking)
11. Mental solution of a tactical task is basically a decision
making process on the basis available knowledge and
alternatives.
In sport, this decision making process runs faster if the
situation is not new and the sportsman has experienced
in the past.
This ability can be significantly improved through
training.
12. The mental solution realised through motor action ( i.e.
motor solution).
Motor solution is a motor action and, therefore, depends
on motor coordination.
It has both the psychic and physical elements; It
depends on motor abilities and skills as well as on
certain other physical qualities.
13. Aims at enabling the sportsman to effectively organise
for the competition, and to compete successfully.
it can be further divide in to following aims:
Sports men should learn to perceive and analyse the
competition situation quickly and effectively and should
be able to quickly find a mental solution
He should be able to quickly select and apply the skills,
which he has learnt, for the best tactical results
14. He should be able to compete in such a manner that he
is able to outsmart his opponent
He should be able to implement his competition plan
effectively even under most difficult conditions
He should be able to assess and analyse his own
tactical behaviour as well as of his opponents.
15. The above mentioned aims can be achieved by
accomplishing the following three things:
Tactical knowledge
Tactical skills
Tactical abilities
16. In order to accomplish the aims of tactics the sportsman
must have the knowledge about:
Rules and regulation of the game
Should know when and where particular technique should
be used to get the best tactical advantage
Know means and possibilities of disturbing his opponent
psychologically
Should know in which way and up to what extent the
judges, spectators etc, can influence his performance
17. Must learn to observe and analyze his own tactical
behaviour as well as the behaviour of the other
sportsmen
Must know how to organize for the competition
effectively
18. It is an automatised motor action
Accusation of tactical skill is important to enable the
sports men to enable the sportsman to do the required
motor actions during competition without concentrating
on the movement execution
It needs: variations of tactical skills, creative tactical
actions and mastered under competition conditions
19. It is the capacity of the sportsmen to apply his physical
and psychic abilities:
The competition situation, differentiation of sensory input
and perception of the situation
20. 1. Unity of theory and practice
Theoretical preparation (lecture, discussions,
explanations etc) should be meaningfully and effectively
combined with the physical exercises for tactical
preparation.
21. Correct and quick observation and perception of tactical
situations and tasks is of important for high level of
tactical mastery (developed through proper and
systematic use of theoretical and practical and practical
problem solving)
22. Tactical preparation must aim at developing the:
abilities
Skills and
knowledge
of the sportsman to organize for the competition.
23. The sportsman must learn to formulate the
competition plan himself on the basis of his
tactical knowledge and tactical organization
It gives a sense of confidence
24. A sportsman must possesses certain cognitive
and emotional qualities to realise the competition
plan under the competition condition
25. Each sportsman must know the means and
possibilities of correctly assessing the tactical
behaviour of himself and others
Frequent lecture discussion about the matches
and competition
26. Tactical actions and behaviours are a conscious
and creative activities and developed by exposing
to new and unaccustomed situations
The degree of difficulty should be progressively
increased
In each session new elements have to be
introduced
27. Tactics is the product of creative self effort
Sportsman must always try to find new solutions
to old situations
He must learn to think creatively and tactically
28. Tactics are used both in team and individual
activities.
The tactics you use in an activity can depend on a
number of different factors:
1) the strength of your team or your opponents.
2) The weaknesses of your team or your opponents.
3) The Physical Qualities of your team and your
opponents.
4) The performance of your team and your opponents
team.
29. Individual activities can employ certain tactics for
success.
In cycling, cyclists slipstream behind one another to
reduce resistance. This allows them to pedal at the
same rate as the leader but with less effort as they are
not cycling into the wind.
30. In racket sports, a players tactic would be to make his
opponent move in order to create space for a winning
shot
A player could play the tennis ball to the back of the
court and the play the following shot to the front of the
court so that it is difficult for the opponent to reach the
ball.
31. Badminton: Opponent’s weakness is backhand
. A 800m runner will decide a pace to run at and
choose the right time to break from the other
competitors.
32. Team activities employ different tactics than individual
activities. The tactics must be planned on a bigger
scale as there are more people involved.
These can be in the form of a “Game-plan” or
“Structure” which can be adapted to suit changing
situations throughout the duration of the activity if
necessary.
i.e. If your team is losing or you have a player sent off.
33. In team activities each member will have a certain
position and role within the structure or strategy. This
role will be determined by their individual strengths and
weaknesses.
For example, in Baseball, the best catchers would man
the bases and the best throwers would play outfield.
34. We must also consider attack and defence tactics in
team games.
For example: Defence ‘A’ in Basketball could take the
form of ‘man to man’ where each player is responsible
for marking their opposite number.
Defence ‘B’ could be the use of a Zone defence,
where each defender marks space and not a
particular player.
