Earthquakes in Bangladesh

1. EARTHQUAKE IN BANGLADESH
MD. ABU BAKKAR SIDDIQUE
F.H-028

2. Outline
Earthquake
How does an Earthquake
Causes of Earthquake
Tectonic Position of Bangladesh
Historical Earthquake of Bangladesh
The Earthquake Risk of Bangladesh
Earthquake Mitigation Program

3. Earthquake
Earthquake is a the result of sudden release of
energy in the Earth’s crust that creates seismic
waves.
It is one of the most horrific and devastating
natural phenomena which can cause great
damage to the areas it take place in , prolonged
economic chaos and even kills scores of innocent
people.

4. How does an earthquake happen?
• There are about 20 plates along the surface of
the earth that move continuously and slowly
past each other. When the plates squeeze or
stretch huge rocks form at their edges and
rocks shift with great force, causing an
earthquake. As the plates move they put
forces on themselves and each other. when
the force is large enough, the crust is forced to
break. When the break occurs the stored
stress is released as a form of wave and makes
the ground shake.
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5. (Continued)……
• For example:
 If you throw stone in a pond
of still water, series of waves
are produced on the surface
of water, these spread out in
all directions from the point
the stone strikes.
 Similarly , Any sudden
disturbances in the earth’s
crust may produce vibration
which travel in all direction
from the point of
disturbances.
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6. Causes of Earthquake
Natural Causes
Inter plates Earthquake
Intra plates Earthquake
Volcanic Earthquake
Landslide Earthquake
Induced Causes
Reservoir-Induced Earthquake
Mining and Groundwater Extraction
Fossil Fuel Extraction

7. Earthquake

8. The terms related to Earthquake
 Focus(Hypocenter):
 Focus is the point on the
fault where rupture occurs
and the location from which
seismic waves are released.
 Epicenter:
 Epicenter is the point on the
earth’s surface that is
directly above the focus, the
point where an earthquake
or underground explosion
originates.

9. The terms related to Earthquake
 Fault Line:
 A fault line is the surface trace
of a fault, the line of
intersection between the
earth’s surface.
 Fault plane:
 Fault plane are the cracks or
sudden slips of land.
 Fault Scarp:
 A Fault Scarp is the
topographic expression of
faulting attributed to the
displacement of the land
surface by movement along
faults.

10. Tectonic Position of Bangladesh
Bangladesh and Ganges Brahmaputra delta
lies at the junction of three plates: the Indian
plate, the Eurasian plate and the Burma
platelet.
Bangladesh is bounded by the Shillong plateau
to the north, Indian shield to the west, the
Indo-Barman ranges to the east and Bay of
Bengal to the south that make the complex
geographical position.
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11. Cont……
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12. (Continued)………
Indian plate is moving to the
northeast direction at the
rate of 6cm per year and
subducting under the
Eurasian plate and Burmese
plate at a rate of 45 mm and
35 mm per year respectively
that continues the uplift of
Himalayan Arc and Indo-
Barman Arch.
(source: banglaPIRE)
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13. Probable Earthquake Sources
Name Maximum Magnitude (Estimation)
Bogra Fault Zone 7.0
Tripura Fault Zone 7.0
Sub Dauki Fault Zone 7.0
Assam Fault Zone 8.5
Shillong Plateau 7.0
Modhupur Fault Zone 7.5
Source: Shankor Roy

14. (Continued)……
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15. Earthquake zone of Bangladesh
 Zone 1:High Risk
Mymensing,Sylhet,Rangpur,Lal
monirhat, Kurigram etc
 Zone 2:Moderate Risk
Bogra, Dinajpur, Dhaka,
Comilla, panchgar etc
 Zone 3:Low Risk
Khulna, jessor, Barisal,
Patuakhali etc.
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16. Earthquake and Dhaka City
 Geologically active faults
within 50 to 500km distance
from Dhaka
 .Dhaka is among the 20 major
world cities that are the
greatest risk from earthquakes
 Some of these earthquakes
especially the 1762, 1812,
1865, 1885 and 1897
happened in Dhaka. If 7-8
grade in Richter Scale
earthquake happen in Dhaka
70-80 percent concrete
structures would just collapse
and 30,00,000 peoples will die.
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17. Historical Earthquake in Bangladesh
Year Name Magnitude Distance from
Capital(km)
Affected Area
1869 Cachar
Earthquake
7.5 250 Assam, Monipur,
Sylhet
1985 Bengle
Earthquake
7.0 170 Jamalpur,
Mymensing,
Bogra
1897 Great Indian
Earthquake
8.7 230 Assam, Sylhet,
Rangpur
1918 Srimangal
Earthquake
7.6 150 Whole Sylhet to
Dhaka
1930 Dubri
Earthquake
7.1 250 Rangpur
1934 Bihar-Nepal
Earthquake
8.3 510 Nepal, India,
Bangladesh
1950 Assam
Earthquake
8.5 780 Assam, Whole
Bangladesh
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18. (Continued)…….
Year Name Maqgnitude Distance from
Capital(km)
Affected Area
1987 Sylhet
Earthquake
5.6 200 Northern
Bangladesh
1997 Bandarban
Earthquake
6.0 325 South-eastern
part
1999 Maheskhali
Earthquake
5.1 350 Maheskhali
2003 Barkal
Earthquake
5.1 350 Barkal
2015 Nepal
Earthquake
7.9 745 Nepal, India,
Bangladesh
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19. Nepal Earthquake
• 25th April, 2015 Nepal, India,
Bangladesh experienced a
devastated earthquake with
7.9 magnitude which caused
about 10,000 loss of lives in
Nepal and India, 4 died
including 8 injured in our
country.
• The epicenter was at Pokhara
which is 745 km away from
our capital. It was felt 4-5
magnitude in our country.
• Now the ?? arises what will
happen if such kind of
earthquake strikes in country.
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20. What may happen if a major
earthquake crop up
• Collapse of poorly constructed or old building
• Possible damage of power installations
• Water supply failure
• Damage of roads and blockage of traffic
• School building and hospital may collapse
• Fire may come out causes of leakage of gas
line and short circuit
• Huge loss of lives and property
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21. The Earthquake Risk of Bangladesh
• The tectonic location
• The huge number of population
• The unplanned buildings over the city
• The week infrastructure
• The different types of faults
• Less consciousness of people
• Less planning of government
• Economical lacking
• Lack of land use planning
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22. Mitigation: Organization Involvement
• Ministry of disaster and management
• Institute of Earthquake Engineering
Research(IEER), Chittagong
• Dhaka University Earth and Observatory
Center
• Bangladesh Earthquake Society(BES)
• Geological Survey of Bangladesh(GSB)
• Action Aid Bangladesh(AAB)
• Bangladesh Concrete Society(BCS)
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23. The Earthquake Mitigation Program
 Build the Foundation
 Development of an institutional structure
 Information and Communication Technology
 Technical Review and Analysis
 Training and Capacity Building
 Building Code Formulation, Enforcement and Implementation
 Earthquake Resilient Training and certification
 Pilot Structure Construction with Resiliency to Earthquake
 Finalize the Elements of Strategy
 Land use planning
 Earthquake hazard, Vulnerability and Risk analysis
 Legal and Institutional arrangements
(source: SARDRM)
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24. ABU BAKKAR SIDDIQUE

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