The document provides an overview of political parties, their functions, and systems, detailing their historical evolution from ancient Greece and Rome to modern times. It discusses various party types, including left-wing and right-wing ideologies, as well as contemporary party structures like the two-party system in the U.S. and registration laws for political parties in Myanmar.

1. Presented by Group 6
Political
Actors

2. Agenda of Presentation
1. Political Parties
2. Party Functions
3. Party Systems
4. Kinds of Parties
5. Left-wing and
Right- wing Parties
6. Forming parties

3. Political party
A political party is an organized collective of individuals united by common
political principles and objectives, working to attain and wield political
authority within a government or political structure. Parties pursue their
aims through electoral processes, policy advocacy, and public
engagement, impacting governance, legislation, and societal direction.
@Sharmwayla

4. Historical Evolution of Political Parties
1. Ancient Origins
● Ancient Greek city-states, particularly Athens, were focal
points of political life.
● Athenian citizens grouped themselves into "demes" reflecting
their political preferences.
● The conflict between aristocratic "Eupatridae" and reform-
driven "Demos" was a notable example.
● This rivalry shaped Athenian democracy through debates on
land, representation, and governance
@Sharmwayla

5. Historical Evolution of Political Parties
2. Factions and Political Influence in Ancient Rome:
● In Ancient Rome's shift from monarchy to republic and
empire, distinct social divisions emerged.
● The aristocrats "Patricians" and common citizens "Plebeians"
were key classes during the Republic.
● "Populares" supported Plebeian rights, while "Optimates"
favored Patrician and elite interests.
● Influential leaders like Julius Caesar highlighted these
factions' impact, shaping Roman politics and governance's
evolution.
@Sharmwayla

6. Modern Foundations
Emergence of Modern Political Parties
The foundations of the modern concept of political parties
were established during the late 17th and 18th centuries.
During this period, the emergence of political factions such
as the Whig and Tory parties in Britain marked a significant
step in the development of organized political groups.
@Sharmwayla

7. Whig Party's Emergence and Influence
● Whig Party Emergence: Late 17th century UK. Glorious
Revolution 1688. Support for constitutional monarchy,
parliamentary supremacy.
● Political Ideals Shift: Whigs challenge absolute monarchy.
Glorious Revolution shifts to constitutional monarchy, balancing
power.
● "Whig" Label Transformation: Negative term for Scots. Whigs
reclaim it, redefining language, reflecting modern political
strategies.
● Labeling in Politics: Whigs' label adoption persists. Language
shapes identity, gains support, mirrored in contemporary politics.
@Sharmwayla

8. POLITICAL PARTY SYSTEMS
Two-Party System: Two major parties dominate (e.g., Democrats and
Republicans in the US).
Multi-Party System: Several parties compete (e.g., Germany's CDU, SPD,
Greens).
Dominant-Party System: One party has a strong advantage (e.g., ANC in South
Africa).
One-Party System: Only one party is allowed (e.g., Communist Party in China).
Coalition System: Multiple parties team up to govern (common in Italy).
No-Party System: Parties are less influential or absent, like independents
running.

9. Party Functions
● Bring people together to achieve control of the government
● Develop policies favorable to their interests or the groups that support them
● Organize and persuade voters to elect their candidates to office
● The basic purpose of political parties is to nominate candidates for public
office and to get as many of them elected as possible
@Thelmontheint

10. Representing groups of interests
● The people represented by elected officials are called constituents
● Constituents make their concerns known to their representatives
● Political parties represent groups as well as individuals
● These interest groups have special concerns
Competitive elections
● Members of the political parties choose their candidates who fight for them in
elections
● Candidates are selected either by all party members or only by top party
officials.
@Thelmontheint

11. Simplifying choices
● The two main political parties in the United States appeal to as many different
groups as possible
● Stating their goals in a general way so that voters are attracted to a broad
philosophy without necessarily focusing on every specific issue
Making policy
● not policy making organizations
● When in power, a party attempts to put its philosophy into practice through
legislation
@Thelmontheint

12. Party Systems
America is a multi-party system. But, the United States primarily uses a two-party system in its
political landscape.
Since the 1850s, the two largest political parties have been the Democratic Party and the Republican
Party which together have won every United States presidential election and dominate the political
landscape.
Democratic
Party
Republican
Party
@Lafazakhawng

13. Minor, Third Parties and Independent Candidates
Green Party
Independent Candidates
Socialist Party
@Lafazakhawng

14. Kinds of Parties
@Lafazakhawng
Ideological Political Parties
● Democratic Party
● Republican Party
● Socialist Party
● Libertarian Party
● Green Party
● Communist Party
Single issue Party
● American Party
● Women’s equality Party
● Prohibition Party
Regional Party
● California National Party
● Mountain Party ( West
Virginia)
● Women’s equality Party ( NY)
Ethic or Identity-Based Parties
● Black Hammer Party
● National Justice Party
( White Nationalism)
Religious Parties
● American Solidarity Party
● Christian Liberty Party

15. Left-wing and Right- wing Parties
The fundamental differences between left-wing and right-wing
ideologies center around the the rights of individuals vs. the power
of the government.
@Zawsarzu

16. @Zawsarzu

17. Left-Wing Parties
Left-wing parties are political groups
that generally advocate for social
equality, economic intervention by
the government, and progressive
social policies. They are often
associated with the following key
principles and policy positions:
@Zawsarzu

18. Social Equality: Left-wing parties prioritize
reducing economic and social disparities
among citizens. They support policies that aim
to provide equal opportunities and access to
resources for all members of society
Government Intervention: Left-wing parties believe that the
government should play an active role in the economy to
ensure fair distribution of wealth and resources. They may
support policies such as progressive taxation, social welfare
programs, and labor protections.
Worker's Rights: These parties often champion the rights of
workers, advocating for higher minimum wages, stronger
labor unions, and improved workplace conditions.
@Zawsarzu

19. Environmental Protection: Left-wing parties tend to prioritize
environmental conservation and sustainable practices,
advocating for regulations to limit pollution and address
climate change.
Social Safety Nets: They support the creation and maintenance of
social safety nets, including healthcare, education, and social
services, to ensure that all citizens have access to basic
necessities.
Progressive Social Policies: Left-wing parties typically
advocate for social liberalization, including LGBTQ+
rights, gender equality, and racial justice.
@Zawsarzu

20. Right-Wing Parties
Right-wing parties are political groups
that generally emphasize individualism,
limited government intervention, and
traditional values. They are often
associated with the following key
principles and policy positions:
@Zawsarzu

21. Individual Liberty: Right-wing parties prioritize individual freedom
and limited government intervention in people's lives. They
believe that individuals should have more control over their own
decisions and actions.
Limited Government: Right-wing parties advocate for a smaller role of
government in the economy and society. They often support policies that
reduce regulations and taxation, promoting free markets and
entrepreneurship.
Traditional Values: These parties tend to uphold traditional
social and cultural norms, supporting policies that align with
conservative values, such as family values and religious
@Zawsarzu

22. Nationalism: Right-wing parties may emphasize national
identity, sovereignty, and a strong defense of their
country's interests in the global arena.
Law and Order: They often prioritize maintaining law and order,
advocating for tough crime policies and strong law
enforcement.
Defense of Private Property: They emphasize the protection of private
property rights and may be skeptical of government interventions
that could infringe upon these rights.
@Zawsarzu

23. ● The Continental
Congress adopted the
Articles of
Confederation, the first
constitution of the
United States, on
November 15, 1777
● But the states did not
ratify them until March
1, 1781.
● Nationalists, led by
James Madison,
George Washington,
Alexander Hamilton,
John Jay, and James
Wilson
Forming Parties
@Nayhtetsan

24. On April 30, 1789, George
Washington, become 1st
president of America.
❖ Only one, George Washington
did not represent the political
party.
❖ He truly believed that
political parties would
serve to divide and
ultimately destroy the
young United States.
@Nayhtetsan

25. Democratic Donkey
Republican Elephant
@Nayhtetsan

26. ❖ The Democratic party is one of
two major contemporary parties in
the United States.
❖ Founded in 1828, it was
predominantly built by Martin
Van Buren.
❖ Making is the World’s oldest
active political party.
Martin Van Buren
@Nayhtetsan

27. CENTRIST
SOCIAL
DEMOCRATIC
❏ Acceptance or support of a
balance of social equality and
social hierarchy
❏ Various political ideologies, such
as Christian democracy based on
scientific, unconventional
❏ Supports political and Economic
Democracy
❏ measures for income
redistribution, regulation of the
economy in the general interest,
and social welfare provisions
@Nayhtetsan

28. Republican party
❏ The REPUBLICAN PARTY
also known as GOP (Grand
old Party)
❏ The GOP was founded in
1854 activists who opposed
the Kansas–Nebraska Act
@Nayhtetsan

29. ❖ The Republican Party's ideological
and historical predecessor is
considered to be Northern members
of the conservative Whig Party and
based on Conservatism.
❖ Conservatism is a cultural, social,
and political philosophy that seeks
to promote and to preserve
traditional institutions, practices,
and values
@Nayhtetsan

30. @Nayhtetsan

31. Party No. registrations % registered voters
Democratic Party 47,130,651 38.73%
Republican Party 36,019,694 29.60%
Libertarian Party 732,865 0.6%
Green Party 234,120 0.19%
Constitution Party 128,914 0.11%
Top 5 U.S. political parties by registration
(2022)
@Nayhtetsan

32. Political Parties Registration Law
❖ (A) A group of at least 15 persons who
desire to organize and form a political party
in the entire Union or a region or state
stating a desired name for the party shall
apply to the commission for granting
permission to organize party members in
accord with the law
❖ (B) The application shall
be refused if it is found
not in conformity with the
law
❖ (C) The persons who are
desirous of forming a
party shall elect one
leader and one deputy
leader among them
@Nayhtetsan

33. The persons desirous of forming a party shall conform to the
followings:
(a) The person who is a
citizen
(b) attained 25 years of
age
(e) The person who is
not a convict
(d) who is not a civil
service personnel
(f) not a member of an
insurgent organization
against the State
(c) who has not a
member of the religious
order
(g) not involved with
any offence under the
Narcotic Drugs
(h) who is not a
foreigner or has
assumed foreign
citizenship
@Nayhtetsan

34. The following organizations shall not be granted
registration as political parties:
(a) an
organization
declared as
an unlawful
association
or terrorist
(b)organizatio
ns or
providing
support to
them either
directly or
indirectly
(c)
State-owned
funds,
buildings,
vehicles and
materials
(d)under the
influence of
the said
organizations
(e)
misusing
religion for
political
purposes
@Nayhtetsan

35. Political Parties Registration Law in Myanmar
I hereby sign under Section 419 of the Constitution of the Republic of the
Union of Myanmar
Sd./ Min Aung Hlaing
Senior General
Chairman
State Administration Council
@Nayhtetsan

36. References:
1. The impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable populations. Frontiers. (n.d.). https://www.frontiersin.org/research-
topics/30821/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-vulnerable-populations
2. Khan Academy. (n.d.). The Greek Polis (article) | classical Greece. Khan Academy.
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/ancient-medieval/classical-greece/a/the-greek-polis
3. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (2023, August 14). Political Party. Encyclopædia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/political-party
4. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (2023a, June 20). Whig Party. Encyclopædia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Whig-Party
5. Political parties : the Presidential Election process : elections : classroom materials at the Library of Congress
: library of Congress. The Library of Congress. (n.d.). https://www.loc.gov/classroom-
materials/elections/presidential-election-process/political-parties

37. Thank you for your attention!
Don’t hesitate to ask if questions!