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Agricultural Products and Exports in the Muslim World
- 2. Pakistan Studies Agricultural Products of the Muslin World
- 3. Contents Main products: wool, sugar, rubber, tea, coffee, cocoa Cash crops: cotton, sugar cane, wheat, rice Marketing, trends and challenges Foreign investments: Pakistan, Sudan and Iran Ways to make better exports
- 5. Wool It is perhaps still best textile for ordinary clothing in temperate climates. It contain pockets of air which keeps the body warm. High quality of wool comes from sheep in Kazakhstan. Muslim world produces 10% of worlds wool.
- 8. Product gained from sugar cane, a tall long grass. Cane is crushed and then boiled in huge pans. As water evaporate the sugar crystals left behind. Molasses are used in sweets and animal food and bagasse are used in making oil , boards and animal food. Sugar
- 9. Rubber Used in making tyres , in making pipes , mines, shoes, and in electric equipment. Its types are natural rubber get from trees and artificial rubber from chemicals. First grown in amazon and latter grown in south East Asia. Muslim world produces 20% of worlds rubber which is natural and main producing countries are Myanmar, Indonesia, Srilanka and some parts of India.
- 11. Tea It was found in China but now is grown in South East Asia, Africa and best on mountain slopes. Picked by experienced workers. First leaves made into finest and expensive teas but lower are made into cheapest teas. Need plenty of rainfall and well drained soil.
- 12. Tea Leaves are fermented so that’s why they turn black. Its seed are crushed for cooking oil. Used in cosmetics, and in hair shine. Muslim world produces 15% of tea from Bangladesh, Indonesia, Iran and Turkey. But over all 18% tea is drunk in Muslim world.
- 14. It was discovered in Somalia/ Ethiopia area. It was used by the people who observe long hours on something at night. Coffee is made by roasting and by brewing seeds. Muslim world produce 15% of coffee and grown in Indonesia, Yemen, Ethiopia and lvory coast. Coffee
- 16. Cocoa It was first discovered in America in Mexico where it was drink of nobles. It became a popular drink in Europe in 17 century. Used in making chocolate butter and in medicines. Indonesia and Malaysia produce 18% of worlds cocoa.
- 18. Cash Crops
- 19. Cotton Used in cheap clothing in expensive luxury material. Used in fabrics and into canvas for tents and snails. It is comfortable in hot climates as it absorbs material that releases from body as sweat. It can be boiled to kill germs.
- 22. Sugar cane Maybe the climate changes of the Medieval Warm Period encouraged West Asians to try this new crop Farmers began to grow sugar cane all over West Asia and Egypt. Islamic engineers invented new sugar cane presses to get more juice out of the sugar cane.
- 23. Sugar cane Islamic traders also brought sugar to the east coast of Africa, as far south as Zanzibar, and possibly also across the Sahara desert to West Africa. Sugar is also important crop a Muslim world. Pakistan produces 3.5 % of the world, s sugar.
- 25. Wheat Wheat is the most important agricultural product especially in temperate lands. It is grown in all countries outside the tropics. Most of the countries have to import high quality but Pakistan and turkey are one of the very few countries who can grow enough wheat to feed its entire people without imports and still had left for export. Muslim world produces about 17 % of the world’s wheat.
- 27. Rice Indonesia and Bangladesh are most important rice producing countries of the Muslim world. Pakistan also produces considerable quantity of rice. Egypt, Iran, Syria and Malaysia also produce rice in large quality. Barley maize, jowar and pulses are produced in all the wheat producing countries.
- 28. Rice Rice is the important crop of Muslim world World best Rice produce by Bangladesh and Indonesia. Pakistan also grows good quality of rice. Muslim countries produce 18 % of the rice of Muslim world.
- 31. Marketing Overall international market is slowed down and still not in running positions because politics is changed overall and eventually the international gaming. The stoke marketing and banking systems are paralyzed overall in the world. It is creating more and foremost problems especially in the developing countries like Pakistan.
- 32. Marketing Investors are quite with fear that whether it is safe to do investment or not. Conducting marketing is useless yet because there will be a scuffle on the rates but no one is going to buy anything because they are in wait of decreasing value of the products. The fluctuating and unpredictable situation of the dollar is making the market more pressurized.
- 33. Trends A number of global trends are influencing food security, poverty and the overall sustainability of food and agricultural systems. The decline in the share of agriculture in total production and employment is taking place at different speeds. Food losses and waste claim a significant proportion of agricultural output, and reducing them would lessen the need for production increases.
- 34. Trends Climate change affects disproportionately food- insecure regions, jeopardizing crop and livestock production, fish stocks and fisheries. On average, the proportion of undernourished people living in low-income countries with a protracted crisis is between 2.5 and 3 times higher than in other low-income countries.
- 35. Challenges Trends pose a series of challenges to food and agriculture. High-input, resource-intensive farming systems, which have caused massive deforestation, water scarcities, soil depletion and high levels of greenhouse gas emissions cannot deliver sustainable food and agricultural production. Technological improvements, along with drastic cuts in economy-wide and agricultural fossil fuel use.
- 36. Challenges Would help address climate change and the intensification of natural hazards, which affect all ecosystems and every aspect of human life. Greater international collaboration is needed to prevent emerging Trans boundary agriculture and food system threats, such as pests and diseases. But pro-poor growth must go beyond agriculture, by involving both rural and urban areas and supporting job creation and income diversification.
- 37. Challenges Social protection combined with pro-poor growth will help meet the challenge of ending hunger and addressing the triple burden of malnutrition through healthier diets. Permanently eliminating hunger, malnutrition and extreme poverty also requires building resilience to protracted crises, disasters and conflicts, and preventing conflicts by promoting inclusive and equitable global development.
- 39. Foreign investments Pakistan: Foreign investment had significantly declined by 2010, dropping by 54.6% due to Pakistan's political instability and weak law and order, according to the Bank of Pakistan. Iran: Asia: United Arab Emirates (UAE), Singapore, Indonesia and Oman:$11.6 billion
- 40. Foreign investments Europe: Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, UK, Turkey, Italy and France (20 countries in total): $10.9 billion Americas: Canada, Panama, the US and Jamaica:$1.4 billion Africa : Mauritius, Liberia and South Africa: $8 billion Australia: Australia: $682 million
- 41. Ways to better the export In variety of desi seeds we should achieve lower yielding and high yielding seeds for exports. The government supports the farmers by giving them interest free or low interest loans. These are used to buy machines and high yielding varieties of seeds Support price is implemented to make sure that the farmer recovers his costs at harvest
- 42. Foreign investments Sudan: Historically, the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Italy, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and other Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) nations traditionally have supplied most of Sudan’s economic assistance. Sudan’s role as an economic link between Arab and African countries is reflected by the presence in Khartoum of the Arab Bank for African development. The World Bank had been the largest source of development loans.
- 43. Ways to better the exports Countries also increase exports by negotiating trade agreements. The third way countries boost exports is to lower the value of their currencies. This makes their export prices comparatively lower in the receiving country. Central banks do this by lowering interest rates. Increase the production of value-added products. Quality work. Participate in marketing of goods in the international market to compete with the other countries.
- 44. Ways to better the exports Reduce imports. Sign MOUs with other organizations to increase exports. Provide incentives to the businessmen and lowering down the ratio of taxes on export. Reduce child labor as it is the biggest barrier in exporting the products.