3. 第5回 外国語教育実践史(1)
• Feedback
• What we’re supposed to attain as English teachers
• Grammar Translation Method
• The Oral Method
• The Direct Method
• Task/Assignment
10. • Grammar Translation Methods
• The Direct Method
• The Oral Method
• The Audio-lingual Method (The Oral Approach)
• Communicative Language Teaching
Approaches & Methods
in Language Teaching (Overview)
13. Grammar Translation Method
• 例１：Target Language→L1
• 次の文を日本語に訳しなさい。
• He didn’t marry her because she was rich. ...
• a) He was attracted to her personality.
• b) He hated the rich.
14. Grammar Translation Method
• a) He didn’t marry her because she was rich.
• 結婚したのは彼女がお金持ちだからじゃない。
• b) He didn’t marry her [because she was rich].
• 彼女はお金持ちなので結婚しなかった。
15. Grammar Translation Method
• 例２：L1→Target Language
• Choose one card at a time in turn. Do not show the
question to others.
• If the question is written in English, ask it to your
partners in Japanese.
• If the question is written in Japanese, ask it to your
partners in English.
17. Grammar Translation Method
• 1. Which questions do you like best? Why?
• 2. Which questions do you find most difficult to
answer? Why?
• 3. Which questions do you find most difficult to
express in English?
18. The Oral Method
• Harold E. Palmer（英語教育研究所創設→語学教育研
究所）が1920年代に提唱
• 「ことばを習得する際の５つの習性」
• 文法的知識よりも運用を重視する
• 入門期６週間は音声のみによる指導
• Oral introduction + 英問英答
20. Oral Introduction
• I like fireworks. They are beautiful. But my dog
doesn’t like them. They are loud. When fireworks
start, he goes under the bed. Poor shota.
• My favorite festival is the snow festival in our
town. I make a snowman. Shota likes helping me.
He enjoys playing in the snow. And I like making
the snowman. This is our favorite festival.
21. The Oral Method
• Conventional Conversation
• 例. Do you use a pen when you write?
• Do you use a knife when you write?
• What do you use when you write?
• When do you use a pen?
• Substitution and Conversion
22. The Oral Method
• Tell us about yourself.
• My name is WATARI Yoichi.
• My best friend is iPhone 5S.
• I am very happy when I drink coffee.
• I feel proud of myself when I could change trains
smoothly.
23. The Oral Method
• And listen to your partners actively.
• Ok, Your name is Yoichi.
• Really. Your best friend is iPhone 5S.
• It’s interesting. You are very happy when …
• That’s great. You feel proud of yourself when …
24. The Direct Method
• 母語(L1)を一切使用せず動作や実物、絵などで意味を駆使
しながら英語のみでコミュニケーション
• GTMに対する批判から生まれたもの: 文字・文法よりも音
声的指導を重視
• 読み書きよりも聞くこと話すことを重視
• 「外国語学習の過程＝幼児の母語習得の過程」という仮
定: 多くの用例→帰納的に文法規則を習得
25. Total Physical Response
by James Asher
• 例１: Listen and point
• Point to the ..., Show me your ...
• 例２: Topic-based TPR
• Everyone who’s ... stand up/raise your … hand…
• 例３: TPR routines
• Clap/Slap/Stamp/Put up, דSimon says,”
