Central cooling system Domestic freshwater system Bilge system Ballast system

1. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Marine Engineering UE231

2. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Valves

3. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Globe Valve
VALVE DISC
VALVE STEM
HANDWHEEL
BONNET
VALVE SEAT
STUFFING
BOX
VALVE
STEMLOCKING
NUT
VALVE
DISC
Valve Disc and Stem
FULLY OPEN
SHUT
PARTILY OPEN
(THROTTLED)
521

4. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Globe Valve
522

5. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Non-rising stem gate valve
523

6. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Rising stem handwheel assembly
STEM
BUSHING
HANDWHEEL
FIXED TO STEM
BUSHING
COLLARS ON BUSHING
PREVENTS UP OR DOWN
MOVEMENT OF
HANDWHEELROTATION OF THREAD
IN THE STEM BUSHING
CAUSES IT TO MOVE
VERTICALLY
LEFT HAND
THREAD
HANDWHEEL
SECURING NUT
YOKE
VALVE
OPEN
VALVE
CLOSED
COLLAR ON STEM TO
PREVENT UP OR DOWN
MOVEMENT
LEFT HAND THREAD
NUT
OPEN
CLOSE
524

7. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Rising stem handwheel assembly
STEM BUSHING
HANDWHEEL FIXED
TO STEM BUSHING
COLLARS ON BUSHING
PREVENTS UP OR DOWN
MOVEMENT OF
HANDWHEELROTATION OF THREAD IN
THE STEM BUSHING
CAUSES IT TO MOVE
VERTICALLY
LEFT HAND THREAD
HANDWHEEL
SECURING NUT
YOKE
525

8. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Swing Check Valve
VALVE COVER
PIVOT PIN
PIVOT ARM
VALVE SEAT FACE
VALVE DISC ASSEMBLY
VALVE BODY
ANGLE PLUG
FLOW
526

9. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Swing Check Valve Operation
NO FLOW FULL FLOW
REDUCED FLOW WRONG FLOW
VALVE IN SHUT POSITION
(UNDER GRAVITY)
VALVE IN OPEN POSITION
VALVE IN SHUT POSITION
(UNDER PRESSURE)
VALVE IN PART-OPEN POSITION
527

10. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
SDNR Valve in Closed Position
SDNR Valve Stem
Open, Disc Closed
SDNR Valve in
Closed Position
SDNR Stem
Open, Disc
Open
SDNR Stopping Back-Flow
Screw Down Non-Return Valve
528

11. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Direct acting relief valve
SEAT
BALL OR
POPPET
SPRING
O-RING SEAL
LOCKNUT
THREAD
RETURN TO OIL
TANK
FROM PUMP
DISCHARGE
RELIEF VALVE
INLET Port
OIL TO SYSTEM
ADJUSTMENT
KNOB
529

12. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Plug Valve
HANDLE
GLAND FOLLOWER
STEM
PACKING
VALVE BONNET
VALVE BODY
VALVE PLUG
VALVE PORT
VALVE CLOSED VALVE OPEN
530

13. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
4-Way Valve
PLUG ROTATES TO
START, DIVERT OR
STOP FLOW
TAPERED PLUG
STEM
PORT
VALV PLUG AND BODY
531

14. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Butterfly & Ball Valve
BALL
STEM
HANDLE
FLOW CAN
BE IN EITHER
DIRECTION
VALVE BODY
HANDLE
OPEN/CLOSE
D INDICATOR
VALVE DISC
NEOPRENE
INSERT
Ball Valve Butterfly Valve
532

15. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Fuel Tank Shut Off Valve
VALVE STEM
NUT
DISC
SEAT
STEM MOVEMENT ON
OPERATION
HYDRAULIC
PRESSURE
RELEASE
PISTON
LATCH
MOVEMENT
RESET HANDLE (TO
OPEN VALVE)
533

16. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021

17. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Comparison
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18. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Central Cooling System

19. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Central Cooling System
The system can be divided into three main parts:
1. sea water circuit
2. high temperature circuit
3. low temperature circuit.
1. SEA WATER CIRCUIT
• The main and stand-by pumps would be of the double entry
centrifugal type .
• Main circulating pumps must have direct bilge suctions, for
emergency, with a diameter two thirds that of the main sea
water inlet.
• In motor ships a direct suction on another pump of the same
capacity is acceptable .
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20. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
2. HIGH TEMPERATURE CIRCUIT
• Cooling water for the main engine and
auxiliary engines is circulated by the pumps
on the left .
• At the outlet, the water is taken to the fresh
water distiller and the heat used for
evaporation of sea water.
• From the outlet of the fresh water distiller
the water is led back to the suction of the
high temperature pump through a control
valve (C) which is governed by engine inlet
temperature.
• The control valve mixes the low and high
temperature steams to produce the required
inlet figure-about 62°C. Outlet is about
70°C.
538
Central Cooling System

21. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
3. LOW TEMPERATURE CIRCUIT
• Temperature of the water leaving the central
coolers is governed by the control valve (F).
• Components of the system are arranged in
parallel or series groups as required .
• The pressure control valve works on a by-
pass. Temperature of the water after the
cooler may be 35 °C. and at exit from the
main engine oil coolers, it is about 45°C .
• Fresh water in both the high and low
temperature systems is treated chemically to
prevent corrosion in the pipes and coolers.
539
Central Cooling System

22. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021 540
Central Cooling System

23. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
ADVANTAGES
1. Provided that chemical treatment is maintained
correctly corrosion will be eliminated in the fresh
water system .
2. Pipes, valves and coolers in contact with only fresh
water, can be of cheaper materials.
3. The constant temperature level of the cooling
water means that control of engine coolers is easier
.
4. The number of sea water inlet valves is reduced
together with the filters that require cleaning
5. The higher water speeds possible in the fresh water
system result in reduced pipe dimensions and
installation cost .
541

24. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Fire, Bilge & Ballast Systems

25. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Fixed Fire System
The fire water supply system has to at least comply with international
requirements of SOLAS, II-2, Reg. 10
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26. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
SOLAS requirements
544

27. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021 545
SOLAS requirements

28. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021 546
SOLAS requirements

29. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021 547
SOLAS requirements

30. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Fixed Fire System
548

31. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Emergency Fire Pump
549

32. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Pumping bilge rules >90m long
550

33. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021 551
Pumping bilge rules >90m long

34. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021 552
SOLAS Requirements

35. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021 553
SOLAS Requirements

36. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Bilge & Ballast system
554

37. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Bilge & Ballast system
Shaft tunnel
Ballast
Mud boxes
Non-return bilge valves
Non-return flap valves
Sounding pipes
Bilge level alarm
Bilge
SanitaryG.S.P
Recirculating
Pump
Bilge level alarm
Hold
Pumps
Engine
room
Bilge main
Hold
Hold
Hold
Direct suctionBilge injection
Aft. master v/v
Fwd. master v/v
To & from Fwd. holds
To & from
Aft. Holds
and tunnel
wells
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38. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Bilge system – DNV GL
556

39. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Bilge system – DNV GL
557

40. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Bilge system – DNV GL
558

41. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Bilge system – DNV GL
559

42. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Bilge system – DNV GL
560

43. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Typical Bilge system
561

44. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Bilge & Ballast system
When the tank is full the screw lift ballast valve is shut and the line is blanked off until the tank requires
to be pumped out. When the tank is to be used for dry cargo the ballast line is blanked and the bilge line is
open. Great care is necessary to avoid any mistakes being made and a rigid routine is advised. Clear
explanatory notices are to be provided and all valves and fittings should be in good order and easily
accessible.
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45. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Emergency Bilge Pump
• The function of this pump is to drain compartments
adjacent to a damaged compartment.
• The pump is capable of working when completely submerged
• The pump is a standard centrifugal pump with reciprocating
or rotary air pumps.
• The motor is enclosed in an air bell so that even with the
compartment full of water the compressed air in the bell
prevents water gaining access to the motor.
• The motor is usually dc operated by a separate remote
controlled electric circuit which is part of the vessels
emergency essential electric circuit.
• The pump is designed to operate for long periods without
attention and is also suitable for use as an emergency fire
pump.
• This design is particularly suited for use in large passenger
vessels giving outputs of about 216 t/hr.
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46. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Domestic Fresh water system

47. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Automatic Domestic Water Supply System
• consists of a tank or reservoir for water supply. The pump discharge is
led in and out of the bottom of the tank on its way to the piping
system.
• The tank containing the water has an air space provided above the
water. As the water is used up the pressure of air will drop.
• A pressure switch is connected to the tank, this switch is almost
identical to that described in the refrigeration section so that when
air pressure falls to say 2 bar the lead from the tank to the bellows
serves to operate the switch so starting the pump. The pump builds up
water quantity in the tank until the air pressure is say 4 bar when the
pressure switch serves to shut off the pump.
• The differential for cut in and out can be adjusted for reasonable
running periods whilst maintaining a satisfactory pressure on sanitary
and/or fresh water fittings.
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48. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Reason for distillate treatment
• The low operating temperature of the evaporator described, is not sufficient to sterilize the product.
Despite precautions near the coast, harmful organisms may enter with the sea water and pass through
to the domestic water tank and system.
• Additionally there is a likelihood that while in the domestic tank, water may become infested with
bacteria, due to a build up of a colony of organisms from some initial contamination.
• Sterilization by the addition of chlorine, is recommended in Merchant Shipping Notice M1214.
• Another problem with distilled water is that having none of the dissolved solids common in fresh
water it tastes flat.
• It also tends to be slightly acidic due to its ready absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2). This condition
makes it corrosive to pipe systems and less than beneficial to the human digestive tract.
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49. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Fresh water treatment system
For domestic purposes the water used must be:
1. Slightly alkaline,
2. Sterilized,
3. Clear and
4. Pleasant tasting.
• To give alkalinity and to improve the taste of insipid distilled water,
carbonates of calcium and magnesium are used as a filter bed in a
neutralizer.
• To sterilize the water chlorine is used, this would normally be
solutions of hypochlorite or possibly the powder calcium chloride.
About 0.25 to 1 kg of chlorine would be required for every
1,000,000 kg of water.
• To produce clear water it can be passed through a sand bed filter.
• To improve taste a de-chlorination process is used. Chlorinated
water is passed through an activated carbon filter bed which will
absorb excess chlorine. Neutralizer, sand bed filter and carbon bed
filter can all have their flows reversed for cleaning purposes
567

50. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Fresh water Sterilization
Silver Ion Sterilization:
• The device works by releasing Silver ions, or charged particles into
the water line before the water reaches the storage tank.
• The Silver ions act to eliminate bacteria.
• The amount of metal released to the water passing through the
unit is controlled be the current setting
• The silver content of the water in the domestic system should not
exceed 0.08 ppm.
• This concentration must be checked by laboratory annually.
568

51. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
Fresh water Sterilization
Ultra Violet light – UV treatment
• Simple and save technology without the use of chemicals
• For the purpose of killing bacteria UV light is employed.
• This is generated by low pressure mercury lamps that are
designed to produce optimal UV wavelength in water to
achieve maximum effect.
• Normally fitted downstream of the filters normally a 5 micron
is used
• Water enters the unit and flows in annular space between the
quartz sleeve and the outside chamber.
• The flow rate is important to ensure complete effectiveness
• The lamp should be replaced every 12 months.
• Direct eye contact with the UV light should be avoided.
569

52. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021
FW System maintenance
570

53. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G1 January 2021 571
FW System maintenance