Google Entrepreneurship Project (by Yasir Afzal Rajput)

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Entrepreneurship Project
Google
by
Yasir Afzal Rajput
Roll # 1532-215-010
Submitted to;
Sir Rukhman Gul

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Table of Contents
Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 4
Entrepreneurs Profile ...................................................................................................................... 6
Google Founders ......................................................................................................................... 6
Current Net Worth....................................................................................................................... 6
Birth and Early Life..................................................................................................................... 6
Search engine development......................................................................................................... 7
Other interests ................................................................................................................................. 8
Wind Farms ............................................................................................................................. 8
Safe Cars and Electric Vehicles............................................................................................... 8
Awards and accolades..................................................................................................................... 9
Changes in management and expansion...................................................................................... 9
2011–2013 ............................................................................................................................. 10
Alphabet .................................................................................................................................... 10
How Google Uses Information..................................................................................................... 11
Collecting Information from Searches ...................................................................................... 11
Google Studies Search Patterns to Create Profiles.................................................................... 11
Google’s Secret ......................................................................................................................... 12
Mission Statement......................................................................................................................... 13
Financing and initial public offering (IPO) .................................................................................. 13
Working Environment and Human Resources ............................................................................. 14
Future Outlook .............................................................................................................................. 15
References..................................................................................................................................... 18

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Abstract
This report is being compiled for my Entrepreneurship Course as assignment submission, it tends
to explore the idea generation and development of Google by its founders Larry Page and Sergey
Brin from 1995 till 2016. The report explores the entrepreneurial details with an introduction of
the company Google from the idea conception in 1996 by the two young university students who
cleverly thought of resolving the issue of creating a user friendly internet search engine to produce
efficient and effective result, the introduction briefly describes the Page Rank formula generation
and name creation to its corporate formation and Initial Public Offering (IPO) in 2004 in an event
timeline review of its technological diversification and continuous innovation to remain the Global
Leader in Internet Technologies.
The report further explores the mission and vision attributes of the International organization, the
secret to its competitive advantage, its human resource and working environment, corporate
financial highlights detailing the acquisitions over the years, latest restructuring to Alphabet Inc. ,
reviewing the global expansion of Google by leaps and bounds during its first decade of existence,
in almost all areas of technology from Internet Search Engine to its latest advancements in mobile
technologies, Artificial Intelligence and robotics.
The report focuses on Google and its usage in Pakistan, how users access google and how the term
“google it” spread to explore knowledge by an end user and corporate users. The report concludes
by reviewing future outlook of the company and the predicted future advancements of internet
technologies.

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Introduction
Referring from Wikipedia, Google Inc. is an American multinational technology company that is
head quartered at Googolplex, Mountain View, California. Google specializes in Internet-related
services and products which include online advertising technologies, search, cloud computing,
software, and hardware.
In 1995, the internet was only 3 years old, a 22-year-old Larry Page was considering Stanford
University for grad school and 21-year-old Sergey Brin, a student at Stanford, was assigned to help
him introduce the premises. According to some accounts, both initially disagreed at nearly
everything during that meeting, but by the next year they had created a partnership to work in
development of an internet search engine to cater useful and related results. There are thirteen
existing search engines like AltaVista and Excite. They were all terrible and often didn’t give back
anything remotely close to what was asked for.
Working from their dorm rooms, they built a search engine that used links to determine the
importance of individual pages on the World Wide Web. They called this search engine BackRub,
which was a reference to the underlying algorithm which counts backlinks as votes. PageRank
works by counting the number and quality of links to a page to determine a rough estimate of how
important the website is. The underlying assumption is that more important websites are likely to
receive more links from other websites. The Page Rank Formula which is as follows proved to be
the basis on which the entire structure of web search would stand:
PR (A) = PR (B) + PR (C) + PR (D)
The PageRank algorithm outputs a probability distribution used to represent the likelihood that a
person randomly clicking on links will arrive at any particular page.
By 1997, Page seems to have decided that the BackRub name just wasn’t good enough. Page and
his officemates at Stanford began to workshop different names for the search engine technology,
names that would evoke just how much data they were indexing. During a brainstorming session
the word “googolplex” was suggested, and Larry Page countered with the shorter “googol.”
Googol is the digit 1 followed by 100 zeroes, while googolplex is 1 followed by a googol zeros.
Instead of searching for the domain availability for “googol.com” they searched for “google.com”
and they liked the name even better. Hence the domain name was registered for Brin and Larry on
September 15th, 1997.
On September 7, 1998 Google Inc. became a reality and opened its door in Menlo Park, California.
At that time, Google.com was answering 10,000 search queries every day, despite still being in
beta. In December, PC Magazine named Google to its list of the Top 100 Web Sites and Search
Engines for 1998. Google was moving up in the world and fast.
In 1999, Google shifted into offices at 165 University Avenue in Palo Alto, home to several other
noted Silicon Valley technology startups. The company leased a complex of buildings in Mountain
View at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in 2003. The company has remained at this location ever
since, and the complex has since become known as the Googleplex. In 2006, Google bought the
property from SGI for US$319 million.

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In early 2000, the Google search engine generated a steady stream of revenue thanks to a loyal
following among the growing number of Internet users, who liked its simple design. Google began
selling advertisements associated with search keywords. These advertisements were text-based to
maintain an uncluttered page design and to maximize page loading speed. While many of its dot-
com rivals failed in the new Internet marketplace, Google quietly rose in stature.
In 2011, the company launched Google+, its fourth venture into social networking, following
Google Buzz, Google Friend Connect, and Orkut. On average, Google has been acquiring more
than one company per week in 2010 and 2011.
As of November 2014, Google operated over 70 offices in more than 41 countries. In 2015, Google
reorganized its interests as a holding company, Alphabet Inc., with Google as its leading
subsidiary. Google continues to serve as the umbrella for Alphabet's Internet interests.
As of December 2016, Alphabet has acquired over 200 companies, with its largest acquisition
being the purchase of Motorola Mobility, a mobile device manufacturing company, for $12.5
billion. Most of the firms acquired by Google are based in the United States, and, in turn, most of
these are based in or around the San Francisco Bay Area. CEO Larry Page explained that potential
acquisition candidates must pass a sort of "toothbrush test": Are their products potentially useful
once or twice a day, and do they improve your life?

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Entrepreneurs Profile
Figure 1 - Google Co-founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page
Google Founders
Sergey Mikhaylovich Brin the current President of Alphabet Inc. and Lawrence Edward Page,
also known as Larry Page, CEO of Alphabet Inc. (born March 26, 1973), together they founded
Google.
Current Net Worth
Sergey Brin (is a Russian-born American)–US$47.5 billion (October 2017) is the 13th richest
person in the world.
Larry Page (A US National) – US$49.3 billion (January 2017)
Birth and Early Life
Sergey Brin was born in Moscow (August 21, 1973) in the Soviet Union, to Russian Jewish
parents, Yevgenia and Mikhail Brin, both graduates of Moscow State University (MSU). His father
is a mathematics professor at the University of Maryland, and his mother a researcher at NASA's
Goddard Space Flight Center.
Larry Page was born March 26, 1973, in East Lansing, Michigan. Page does not follow any formal
religion. His father, Carl Victor Page, Sr., earned a PhD in computer science from the University
of Michigan in 1965, when the field was being established, and BBC reporter Will Smale has
described him as a "pioneer in computer science and artificial intelligence". He was a computer
science professor at Michigan State University and Page's mother, Gloria, was an instructor in
computer programming at Lyman Briggs College and at Michigan State University.

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Page was first attracted to computers when he was six years old, as he was able to "play with the
stuff lying around" first-generation personal computers that had been left by his parents. He
became the "first kid in his elementary school to turn in an assignment from a word processor".
His older brother also taught him to take things apart and before long he was taking "everything
in his house apart to see how it worked". He said that "from a very early age, I also realized I
wanted to invent things. So I became really interested in technology and business. Probably from
when I was 12, I knew I was going to start a company eventually."
Brin immigrated to the United States with his family from the Soviet Union at the age of 6. He
earned his bachelor's degree at the University of Maryland, following in his father's and
grandfather's footsteps by studying mathematics, as well as computer science. In September 1990
Brin enrolled in the University of Maryland, where he received his Bachelor of Science from the
Department of Computer Science in 1993 with honors in computer science and mathematics,
which is part of the University of Maryland College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural
Sciences.
Brin began his graduate study in computer science at Stanford University on a graduate fellowship
from the National Science Foundation. In 1993, he interned at Wolfram Research, the developers
of Mathematica.
After graduation, he enrolled in Stanford University to acquire a PhD in computer science.There
he met Page, with whom he later became friends. They crammed their dormitory room with
inexpensive computers and applied Brin's data mining system to build a web search engine. The
program became popular at Stanford, and they suspended their PhD studies to start up Google in
a rented garage.
Search engine development
During an orientation for new students at Stanford, Sergey Brin met Larry Page. They seemed to
disagree on most subjects. But after spending time together, they "became intellectual soul-mates
and close friends". Brin's focus was on developing data mining systems while Page's was in
extending "the concept of inferring the importance of a research paper from its citations in other
papers". Together, the pair authored a paper titled "The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hyper-textual
Web Search Engine".
To convert the backlink data gathered by BackRub's web crawler into a measure of importance for
a given web page, Brin and Page developed the PageRank algorithm, and realized that it could be
used to build a search engine far superior to existing ones. The new algorithm relied on a new kind
of technology that analyzed the relevance of the backlinks that connected one Web page to another,
and allowed the number of links and their rank, to determine the rank of the page.
Combining their ideas, the pair began utilizing Page's dormitory room as a machine laboratory,
and extracted spare parts from inexpensive computers to create a device that they used to connect
the nascent search engine with Stanford's broadband campus network. After filling Page's room

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with equipment, they then converted Brin's dorm room into an office and programming center,
where they tested their new search engine designs on the Web. The rapid growth of their project
caused Stanford's computing infrastructure to experience problems.
Page and Brin used the former's basic HTML programming skills to set up a simple search page
for users, as they did not have a web page developer to create anything visually elaborate. They
also began using any computer part they could find to assemble the necessary computing power to
handle searches by multiple users. As their search engine grew in popularity among Stanford users,
it required additional servers to process the queries. In August 1996, the initial version of Google,
still on the Stanford University website, was made available to Internet users.
Other interests
Brin and Page are working on other more personal projects, as they try to help solve the world's
energy and climate problems at Google's philanthropic arm, Google.org, which invests in the
alternative energy industry to find wider sources of renewable energy. The company acknowledges
that its founders want "to solve really big problems using technology".
Wind Farms
In October 2010, Google.org invested in a major offshore wind power development to assist the
US East coast power grid, which will eventually become one of about a dozen offshore wind farms
that are proposed for the region.
Safe Cars and Electric Vehicles
They introduced a car that, with "artificial intelligence", which can drive itself using video
cameras and radar sensors. In the future, drivers of cars with similar sensors would have fewer
accidents. These safer vehicles could therefore be built lighter and require less fuel consumption.
They are trying to get companies to create innovative solutions to increasing the world's energy
supply. They have invested in Tesla Motors, which has developed the Tesla Roadster, a 244-mile
(393 km) range battery electric vehicle as well as the Tesla Model S, a 265-mile (426 km) range
battery electric vehicle.
Figure 2- Sergey Brin's Tesla Roadster

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Awards and Accolades
In 2002, Brin and Larry Page, were named the MIT Technology Review TR100, as one of the top
100 innovators in the world under the age of 35.
In 2003, both Brin and Page received an honorary MBA from IE Business School "for embodying
the entrepreneurial spirit and lending momentum to the creation of new businesses".
In 2004, they received the Marconi Foundation Prize, the "Highest Award in Engineering", and
were elected Fellows of the Marconi Foundation at Columbia University. "In announcing their
selection, John Jay Iselin, the Foundation's president, congratulated the two men for their invention
that has fundamentally changed the way information is retrieved today."
In 2003, Brin and Page were both Award Recipients and National Finalists for the EY Entrepreneur
of the Year Award
In 2004, Brin received the Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award with Larry Page at a
ceremony in Chicago, Illinois.
In 2009, Page received an honorary doctorate from the University of Michigan during a graduation
commencement ceremony. In 2011, he was ranked 24th on the Forbes list of billionaires, and as
the 11th richest person in the U.S.
In 2015, Page's "Powerful People" profile on the Forbes site states that Google is "the most
influential company of the digital era".
As of July 2014, the Bloomberg Billionaires Index lists Page as the 17th richest man in the world,
with an estimated net worth of $32.7 billion. At the completion of 2014, Fortune magazine named
Page its "Businessperson of the Year," declaring him "the world’s most daring CEO".
In October 2015, Page was named number one in Forbes' "America's Most Popular Chief
Executives", as voted by its employees.
In August 2017, Page was awarded honorary citizenship of Agrigento, Italy
Changes in management and expansion
Before Silicon Valley's two most prominent investors, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and
Sequoia Capital, agreed to invest a combined total of $50 million into Google, they applied
pressure on Page to step down as CEO so that a more experienced leader could build a "world-
class management team." Page eventually became amenable to the idea after meeting with other
technology CEOs, including Steve Jobs and Intel’s Andrew Grove. Eric Schmidt, who had been
hired as Chairman of Google in March 2001, left his full-time position as the CEO of Novell to
take on the same role at Google in August of the same year, and Page moved aside to assume the
President of Products role.

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Under Schmidt's leadership, Google underwent a period of major growth and expansion, which
included its initial public offering (IPO) on August 20, 2004. However, he always acted in
consultation with Page and Brin when he embarked on initiatives such as the hiring of an executive
team and the creation of a sales force management system. Furthermore, Page remained the boss
at Google in the eyes of the employees, as he gave final approval on all new hires and it was Page
who provided the signature for the IPO, the latter making him a billionaire at the age of thirty.
Page led the acquisition of Android for $50 million in 2005 to fulfill his ambition to place handheld
computers in the possession of consumers so that they could access Google from anywhere. The
purchase was made without Schmidt's knowledge, but the CEO was not perturbed by the relatively
small acquisition. Page became passionate about Android, and spent large amounts of time with
Android CEO and cofounder Andy Rubin. By September 2008, T-Mobile launched the G1, the
first phone using Android software and, by 2010, 17.2 percent of the handset market consisted of
Android sales, overtaking Apple for the first time. Android became the world’s most popular
mobile operating system shortly afterward.
2011–2013
As Google's new CEO, Page's two key goals were the development of greater autonomy for the
executives overseeing the most important divisions, and higher levels of collaboration,
communication and unity among the teams. Page also formed what the media called the "L-Team,"
a group of senior vice-presidents who reported directly to him and worked in close proximity to
his office for a portion of the working week. Additionally, he reorganized the company’s senior
management, placing a CEO-like manager at the top of Google's most important product divisions,
including YouTube, AdWords, and Google Search.
In accordance with a more cohesive team environment, Page declared a new "zero tolerance for
fighting" policy that contrasted with his approach during the early days of Google, when he would
use his harsh and intense arguments with Brin as an exemplar for senior management. Page had
changed his thinking during his time away from the CEO role, as he eventually arrived at the
conclusion that his greatly ambitious goals required a harmonious team dynamic. As part of Page's
collaborative rejuvenation process, Google's products and applications were consolidated and
underwent an aesthetic overhaul.
Alphabet
On August 10, 2015, Page announced on Google's official blog that Google had restructured into
a number of subsidiaries of a new holding company known as Alphabet Inc with Page becoming
CEO of Alphabet Inc and Sundar Pichai assuming the position of CEO of Google Inc. In his
announcement, Page described the planned holding company as follows:
“
Alphabet is mostly a collection of companies. The largest of which, of course, is
Google. This newer Google is a bit slimmed down, with the companies that are
pretty far afield of our main Internet products contained in Alphabet instead. [...] ”

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Fundamentally, we believe this allows us more management scale, as we can run
things independently that aren’t very related.
As well as explaining the origin of the company's name:
“
We liked the name Alphabet because it means a collection of letters that represent
language, one of humanity's most important innovations, and is the core of how
we index with Google search! We also like that it means alpha-bet (Alpha is
investment return above benchmark), which we strive for! ”
Page wrote that the motivation behind the reorganization is to make Google "cleaner and more
accountable." He also wrote that there was a desire to improve "the transparency and oversight of
what we’re doing," and to allow greater control of unrelated companies previously within the
Google ecosystem.
How Google Uses Information
Collecting Information from Searches
Millions of people use a variety of Googles applications every day. It’s actually hard to avoid using
anything on the Internet not run by Google. Google is the most popular search engine in the world.
While millions of people are searching for information every day, Google is collecting that
information. Google also collects information from Gmail and Google business apps such as
Google Docs and Spreadsheets. Google can also see where you’ve been and where you are going
with Google Maps. Even if you try to avoid Googles apps, they still run sites such as YouTube
and Twitter. Every single Google application gathers information from millions of users around
the world.
Google Studies Search Patterns to Create Profiles
You don’t fill out a profile or tell Google any of your deep dark secrets, but somehow Google
knows. As you search Google, Google is studying you. Google is constantly logging what you
search and click on, in order to create its own personal profile of you. This allows Google to create
a detailed portrait of your life which allows Google to become personalized to you. Even if this
sounds creepy, it’s not surprising that Google knows this much. Millions of people everyday use
Google for almost everything. If you use Google, it will know what you search for, what websites
you visit, what news and posts you read and so much more.

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Google’s Secret
Google does have and continue to gather a mass amount of information on millions of people, but
not for any cynical use. Googles information gathering not only makes using the Internet a more
personal experience, it also helps Google excel as a company. The data that Google gathers allows
them to examine trends and behaviors about entire cities and countries. This allows Google to
make marketing decisions, research, refine products, and just about anything else it wants to do. It
does it all with the help of collected data. Knowing what people are looking for and what they
want is key to growing a business. So, even if Googles information gathering techniques seem
excess, it’s key to what makes them such a great and growing company.

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Mission Statement
Google’s official mission or vision statement is to organize all of the data in the world and
make it accessible for everyone in a useful way.
Google also has an unofficial motto to avoid being evil.
Reference the Google’s About page on the company's website, the mission has different branches.
The company focuses on do-it-yourself ads with Google AdSense. Google focuses on speedy
search and message threading in its email service called Gmail. Google's line of Android phones
offers its users free access to Google Maps and provide navigation and communication.
Google’s Vision is to make search engines so powerful that they understand everything in
the world.
Financing and initial public offering (IPO)
The first funding for Google as a company was secured in August 1998 in the form of a
US$100,000 contribution from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, given to a
corporation which did not yet exist.
On June 7, 1999, a round of equity funding totaling $25 million was announced; the major
investors being rival venture capital firms Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and Sequoia Capital.
While Google still needed more funding for their further expansion, Brin and Page were hesitant
to take the company public, despite their financial issues. They were not ready to give up control
over Google.
Following the closing of the $25 million financing round, Sequoia encouraged Brin and Page to
hire a CEO. Brin and Page ultimately acquiesced and hired Eric Schmidt as Google’s first CEO in
March 2001.
In October 2003, while discussing a possible initial public offering of shares (IPO), Microsoft
approached the company about a possible partnership or merger. The deal never materialized. In
January 2004, Google announced the hiring of Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs Group to
arrange an IPO. The IPO was projected to raise as much as $4 billion.
Google's initial public offering took place on August 19, 2004. A total of 19,605,052 shares were
offered at a price of $85 per share. Of that, 14,142,135 (another mathematical reference as √2 ≈
1.4142135) were floated by Google and 5,462,917 by selling stockholders. The sale raised
US$1.67 billion, and gave Google a market capitalization of more than $23 billion. Many of
Google's employees became instant paper millionaires. Yahoo!, a competitor of Google, also
benefited from the IPO because it owns 2.7 million shares of Google.

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The company was listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange under the ticker symbol GOOG. When
Alphabet was created as Google's parent company, it retained Google's stock price history and
ticker symbol.
Working Environment and Human Resources
US employees who work at Google gave the company high marks on PayScale's employee survey
in a number of areas, including compensation, job satisfaction, and job meaning.
Here's why Google ranked the best company to work for in America:
A high percentage of Googlers say they're satisfied in their job.
The office space is unique: beautiful buildings and outdoor areas, arcade games, pool tables, a
bowling alley — it's definitely not a typical workplace.
Googlers are very active, so you often see people riding bikes, walking their dogs, or exercising
around campus. They're also just as active with their working style. The environment is fun and
fast-paced — they are always hitting the ground running.
Culture of Openness: weekly meetings held by Larry and Sergey with the entire company globally
via Hangouts. All employees are encouraged and have the opportunity to ask Larry and Sergey
questions about the company directly sometimes the questions are tough, but there is always humor
and transparency involved.
Great Perks: Googlers have great perks most people have heard about like free food, gym, onsite
doctors, discounts, and free massages! Those come in handy as they keep the employee off – stress,
which creates productivity and creativity.
Peer-to-peer learning program: where Googlers teach other Googlers on topics that can range from
yoga to coding — and it's all completely free!

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Future Outlook and Analysis
Growth forecasts for data center storage capacity show no signs of slowdown. Cisco, a worldwide
leader in networking for the internet, expects that by 2019, 55 percent of internet users (2 billion)
will use personal cloud storage will reach 507.5 Zettabytes per year by 2019 as compared to 134.5
ZB per year in 2014.
When you don’t know that answer to something, you just Google it. The term has become so
common with internet users because Google seems to hold all of the information imaginable, from
cooking a meal to flying an airplane. With so many applications, Google has endless amounts of
uses that aid us in everyday life.
Google is also branching into other fields as well, such as the famous Google cars that operate on
their own. This is part of Google’s vision for a future where cars drive themselves and people can
participate in more productive activities during their commutes. The site Google+ is part of
Google’s vision for social media that is integrated into phones and every other part of life. The
Google Chrome web browser is part of the company's vision of a more open market for web
browser add-ons. The innovative company has even begun a new venture called Calico that is
focused on creating a healthier future for all of humanity.
Business Model
"Google generated about $21 billion in revenue last year. The vast majority of that revenue, well
over 95%, comes from advertising via its search engine and its AdSense program, which places
ads on millions of websites"
Advertising
"The current pre-dominant business model for commercial search engines is advertising".
Google's search engine has ranked number 1 in the Alexa index proving itself to be the leader in
search engine usage. This can also be noted that Google has become synonymous with web
search. Often you will hear how people would "google" the information rather than "search" for
it.
Innovation
"The other side of Google's hugely successful business plan is innovation". This is demonstrated
in the products and services that Google incorporates into its brand. Let's examine the technology
behind the brand.
Technology
Google's search technology is reliant upon computer algorithms to determine search positioning:
1. PageRank: The technology that determines the importance of each page. It considers
"500 million variables and 2 billion terms" to determine how a pagewill rank in the search
engine

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2. Hypertext-Matching Analysis: The technology that analyses page content and ensures
the results returned are relevant to the query entered into the search engine.
The technology that Google uses to underpin its data centers are of utmost importance in ensuring
Google has the "scale, speed and efficiency to serve its rapidly growing number of users". Google
also uses two advertising services to gain significant revenue: AdWords (places relevant ads
alongside Google's search results), and AdSense ("revenue-sharing deals... [that place] Google's
context-driven adverts on third-party websites"
Customers have needs, wants and nice-to-haves and traditional business models fulfil these for
their customers. Google offers its customer’s needs, wants, and nice-to-haves for free. In return,
whether knowingly or not, users create data whilst using Google services and products which
creates information that is listed in the Google Search Engine; advertisement is then tailored based
on the content deliver.
SWOT Analysis
 Strength – Brand Value, Data Mining, Human Capital
o Established Brand Name
o Strong Marketing – word of mouth
o Highly competent work force
o Innovative Products
o World Wide market share of 70%
o User Friendly interface
 Weakness – privacy, Google+, one sources of profit
o No marketing for many products, users are unaware
o Reliance on top management trio
o Marketers don’t control the cost and position of their advertisement.
 Opportunities – Web services, acquisitions, mobile internet
o Become a mass market portal like Yahoo and MSN.
o Provide private search services to businesses
o Target hand held mobile device market
o Build the world’s biggest digital library and online book store
 Threats – unprofitable products, litigations, excessive integration
o Emergence of many competitors, or merging of existing ones.
o Copyrights issues
o Privacy and Security concerns
o Antitrust and Competition laws.
o Inability to adapt the infrastructure to the quick growth.
Future Strategy
 Google must continue its position as a market leader
 Google must cancel its non-profit and unpopular products like Orkut etc
 Google must develop new sources of income like web services etc.

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 Google must fight back any attack made by its rivals
 Google must invest heavily to keep and acquire human capital

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References
 www.google.com
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.youtube.com
 https://www.google.com/intl/en/about/our-story/
 http://www.businessinsider.com/the-true-story-behind-googles-first-name-backrub-
2015-10
 https://thenextweb.com/2009/06/03/google-originally-called-interesting-facts-googles-
humble-beginnings/
 https://www.cisco.com/c/en_au/about/who-is-head.html
 http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2016/05/02/google-wants-rethink-
data-center-storage
 https://www.inc.com/kevin-j-ryan/how-google-remains-one-of-the-worlds-most-
innovative-companies.html

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