According to a 2018 survey, 59% of all B2B payments were made electronically. Payment methods used by companies in North America varied by company size, with 49% of overall companies paying by check. A market report covered global B2B payment trends, and included regional insights from Asia-Pacific, Europe, and North America on topics like payment methods, delays, and emerging technologies.

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GENERAL METHODOLOGY OF MARKET REPORTS
Secondary Market Research
• The reports are compiled based on secondary market research. Secondary research is information gathered from previously published sources. Our reports are
based on information and data acquired from national and international statistical offices, industry and trade associations, business reports, business and
company databases, journals, company registries, news portals and many other reliable sources. By using various sources we ensure maximum objectivity for
reported data. As a result, companies gain a precise and unbiased impression of the market situation.
• Cross referencing of data is conducted in order to ensure validity and reliability.
• The source of information and its release date are provided on every chart. It is possible that the information contained in one chart is derived from several
sources. If this is the case, all sources are mentioned on the chart.
• The reports include mainly data from the last 12 months prior to the date of report publication. Exact publication dates are mentioned in every chart.
Definitions
• The reports take into account a broad definition of B2C E-Commerce, which might include mobile commerce. As definitions may vary among sources, exact
definition used by the source (if available) is included at the bottom of the chart.
Chart Types
• Our reports include text charts, pie charts, bar charts, rankings, line graphs and tables. Every chart contains an Action Title, which summarizes the main
idea/finding of the chart and a Subtitle, which provides necessary information about the country, the topic, units or measures of currency, and the applicable time
period(s) to which the data refers. With respect to rankings, it is possible that the summation of all categories amounts to more than 100%. In this case, multiple
answers were possible, which is noted at the bottom of the chart.
Report Structure
• Reports are comprised of the following elements, in the following order: Cover page, preface, legal notice, methodology, definitions, table of contents,
management summary (summarizing main information contained in each section of report) and report content (divided into sections and chapters). When
available, we also include forecasts in our report content. These forecasts are not our own; they are published by reliable sources. Within Global and Regional
reports, we include all major developed and emerging markets, ranked in order of importance by using evaluative criteria such as sales figures.
Notes and Currency Values
• If available, additional information about the data collection, for example the time of survey and number of people surveyed, is provided in the form of a note. In
some cases, the note (also) contains additional information needed to fully understand the contents of the respective data.
• When providing information about amounts of money, local currencies are most often used. When referencing currency values in the Action Title, the EUR
values are also provided in brackets. The conversions are made using the average currency exchange rate for the respective time period. Should the currency
figure be in the future, the average exchange rate of the past 12 months is used.

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METHODOLOGY OF THE CURRENT REPORT
Report Coverage
• This report covers the B2B payment market with a focus on global developments and trends. Information both about total B2B payment (all channels) and B2B
E-Commerce payment specifically was included.
• In addition to global developments, selected regional and country insights from three regions are provided, including Asia-Pacific, Europe and North America.
Report Structure
• The report opens with a global chapter. It contains information on global B2B payment developments. These include data on the current size and projections for
the B2B payments market. Furthermore, market trends such as digital transformation and technological disruption are covered on both quantitative and
qualitative (text) charts. In addition, an overview of the publicly traded companies from the cards, payments and software sectors that are expected to be the
most exposed to the B2B payments growth is included.
• Regional chapters follow, ranked by B2B payments market size and potential: Asia-Pacific, North America and Europe. Selected quantitative information for the
major markets in these regions, including the USA, Canada, China, Germany and the UK, was provided to exemplify the global trends in general B2B payments
and business-to-business E-Commerce payments. The type and scope of information included per country and region varied due to data availability and is
intended to illustrate the overall market developments rather than cover the specific geographies.

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DEFINITIONS
▪ B2B PAYMENT business-to-business payment transactions across all channels.
▪ B2B E-COMMERCE
Internet-based transactions between businesses. A broad definition of B2B E-Commerce includes both web-based
sales and sales through other digital and electronic channels, such as EDI-type sales and sales negotiated via
electronic means but not necessarily transacted online, while a narrow definition includes web- and app-based sales
only.
▪ EDI
electronic data interchange (EDI) is used by businesses to exchange data in electronic format compatible between the
sender and the receiver; through EDI companies and organizations can retrieve information from their internal systems
electronically and send it to other parties via a communications network.
▪ ERP
enterprise resource planning is a software that allows an organization to manage business by using integrated
applications and automating back office functions.
▪ ACH
automated clearing house is an electronic system for transferring funds in the USA operated by the National Automated
Clearing House Association (NACHA).
▪ MOBILE WALLET
a software solution that enables users to store payment credentials, such as credit or debit card information, and use
the stored credentials to pay digitally for transactions made in-store, online or via mobile. Mobile wallets are installed on
mobile devices which are used to complete payments.
▪ BLOCKCHAIN
a distributed ledger in which transactions are grouped into blocks, and each of the blocks is chained to the previous
block. The blocks are documented across a network relying on cryptographic trust and other mechanisms. A marking
characteristic of blockchain is absence of central authority, with an update possible only through a consensus of the
participants’ majority.
▪ CROSS-BORDER COMMERCE the sale of goods or services to clients in other countries.
The following expressions and definitions are used in this market report*:
Note: *the definitions used by the original sources might differ from the ones stated on this chart; the exact definition used by each source, where available, is included on the respective
charts

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (1 OF 3)
1. Management Summary
2. Global Developments
• B2B Payment Trends, September 2018
• B2B Payment Value, in USD trillion, 2018e & 2028f
• Breakdown of the Monthly Volume of Transactions Paid by Card and by ACH/Check/Wire, in % of Businesses, May 2018
• Breakdown of the Number of Banks and Currencies Used in Payments, in % of Businesses, May 2018
• Share of Past Due B2B Receivables, in %, by Domestic and Foreign Payments, by Selected Regions, 2014 - 2018f
• Average Payment Duration by Invoice Due Day and Payment Delay, in Days, by Domestic and Foreign Payments, by Selected Regions,
2017 & 2018f
• Share of B2B Payments Made Electronically According to Accounts Payable and Finance Leaders, in %, May 2018
• Expected Evolution in Accounts Payable (AP), by Expected in Two Years and in Five Years, in % of Accounts Payable and Finance
Leaders, May 2018
• Share of Corporate Treasurers Who Believe That Operational Model of Their Company is Changing as a Result of Sector Disruption, in %,
June 2018
• Top 3 Disruptions to Existing Business Models According to Corporate Treasurers, in %, June 2018
• Breakdown of Disruptors Expected by Corporate Treasurers to Have the Greatest Impact on Treasury Functions and Payments in the Next
2-3 Years, in %, 2017
• Breakdown of the Relative Importance of Blockchain and APIs for Outbound Payments, in % of Corporate Treasurers, 2017
• Top 3 Technologies Most Beneficial to Their Organizations According to Corporate Treasurers, in %, June 2018
• Top 3 Uses of FinTechs According to Corporate Treasurers, in %, June 2018
• Interest in Moving from the Current Solution to a New Solution, in % of Respondents Among Corporate Treasurers, and Share of
Respondents Planning to Continue with the Current Provider, in %, June 2018
• Trust in Providers Among Corporate Treasurers as Expressed in the Trust Index, by Region and Global, June 2018
• Cross-Border B2B Transactions Facilitated by FinTech and Disruptive Technologies, in USD trillion and in % of All Cross-Border B2B
Transactions, 2017 & 2022f
• B2B E-Commerce Sales Compared to B2C E-Commerce Sales, in USD trillion, 2020f
• Top 4 Features Most Important to B2B E-Commerce Buyers, incl. “Payment Options”, in % of Respondents, March 2018
• Top 4 Payment Methods Accepted in B2B E-Commerce, in % of International B2B E-Commerce Companies, March 2018
• Share of B2B E-Commerce Companies Accepting Payment by Mobile Wallet, in %, March 2018

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (2 OF 3)
2. Global Developments (Cont.)
• Share of Treasurers Indicating Their Comfortability With Mobile B2B Payment Applications Has Improved Over the Past Year, in %, May
2018
• Overview of 11 Publicly Traded Companies Expected to be the Most Exposed to the B2B Payments Opportunity Over the Next Five Years,
September 2018
3. Asia-Pacific
3.1. Regional
• Top Technology-Related Trends for B2B E-Commerce, incl. “Payment Solutions”, in % of B2B Companies, September 2018
3.2. China
• Share of Companies Experiencing Payment Delays of Over 120 Days, in %, 2016 & 2017
• Top 2 Reasons for Payment Delays in B2B Payments, by Domestic and Foreign Customers, in % of Respondents, 2017
• Breakdown of Third-Party Online Payment Providers Used by B2B E-Commerce Sellers, in % of B2B E-Commerce Sellers Using Third-
Party Payment Platforms, October 2016
4. North America
4.1. Regional
• Channels Used by Companies to Receive Invoices, in % of Respondents, by Company Size, Q1 2018
• Breakdown of Payment Methods Used by Companies to Pay Invoices, in % of Respondents, by Company Size, Q1 2018
4.2. USA
• B2B Payments Value, Compared to B2C and C2C Payments, in USD billion, 2016
• Breakdown of B2B Payments by B2B E-Commerce and Other B2B Payments, in USD trillion, 2014 & 2020f
• Breakdown of B2B Payments by Payment Method As Perceived by Companies, in %, 2014, 2017e & 2020f
• Breakdown of Expected Costs of Real-Time B2B Payments, in % of Respondents Among Top Banks, Q1 2018
• Breakdown of Willingness to Offer Corporate Clients 24/7 Support for Real-Time Payments, in % of Respondents Among Top Banks, Q1
2018

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (3 OF 3)
4. North America (Cont.)
4.3. Canada
• Breakdown of B2B Payments by Method, in %, 2016
• Credit Card’s Share of Business Spending, by SMEs and Large Businesses, in %, 2016
5. Europe
5.1. Regional
• Top 3 Reasons for Payment Delays in B2B Payments, in % of Respondents, April 2017
5.2. UK
• Number of B2B Payments, in billions, 2016 & 2017
• Clearing Systems Used by Finance Decision Makers at UK’s Top Private and Public Organizations to Make B2B Payments, in % of
Respondents, May 2018
5.3. Germany
• Payment Methods Offered in B2B Online Shops, by Offered to New and Existing Customers, in % of B2B Online Shops, July 2018
• Evaluation of Importance of Payment Methods in B2B Commerce in Five Years, by High Relevance and Medium Relevance, in % of B2B
Experts, and Change Between 2018 and 2023f, in %, July 2018
• Breakdown of Processing Payment Methods by In-House and Through External Provider, by Payment Methods, in % of B2B Online
Shops, July 2018
• Most Important Factors in Choosing a Payment Service Provider in B2B E-Commerce, by High Relevance and Medium Relevance, in % of
B2B Online Shops, July 2018
• Measures Used by B2B Online Shops to Reduce Risk, in %, July 2018

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1. Management Summary 10 – 12
2. Global Developments 13 – 37
3.
3.1.
3.2.
Asia-Pacific
Regional
China
38 – 42
39 – 39
40 – 42
4.
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
North America
Regional
USA
Canada
43 – 52
44 – 45
46 – 50
51 – 52
5.
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
Europe
Regional
UK
Germany
53 – 61
54 – 54
55 – 56
57 – 61

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B2B Payments Made
Electronically
59%
Other B2B Payments
41%
According to a 2018 survey of accounts payable and finance leaders in
three global regions, 59% of all B2B payments were made electronically.
Global: Share of B2B Payments Made Electronically According to Accounts Payable and Finance
Leaders, in %, May 2018
Note: the most used payment formats according to the source were ACH and card payments
Survey: based on an online survey of 178 accounts payable and finance leaders from 29 industries and 3 regions (74% from North America, 24% from EMEA and 2% from Asia-
Pacific), conducted between March and May 2018; 58% of respondents were from large organizations (over USD 1 billion in revenues), 24% represented the mid-market
(between USD 250 million and USD 1 billion) and 18% small companies (less than USD 250 million in revenue)
Source: Ardent Partners, September 2018

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10%
10%
15%
5%
14%
11%
15%
16%
56%
31%
18%
30%
20%
48%
52%
49%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Enterprise
Middle Market
SMEs
Overall
Commercial Card Wire ACH Check
in % of Respondents
Payment methods used by companies in North America varied by
company size, with 49% of overall companies paying by check in 2018.
North America: Breakdown of Payment Methods Used by Companies to Pay Invoices, in % of
Respondents, by Company Size, Q1 2018
Definition: Enterprise - organizations with more than USD 2 billion in revenues;
Middle Market - organizations with revenues between USD 101 million and USD 2 billion
SMEs - organizations with revenues of between USD 30 million and USD 100 million
Survey: based on a survey of 400 back-office employees of North American organizations across several market segments and industries
Source: PayStream Advisors, Paramount WorkPlace, March 2018

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