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1. A PROJECT REPORT
Study of commercial banking in India: Case of
Punjab national Bank

2. A) INTRODUCTION/ IMPORTANCE/ SIGNIFICANCE
INTRODUCTION TO COMMERCIAL BANKS
Commercial banks play a vital role in the economic development of a nation.
They are the most important source of institutional credit in the money market as they
provide short term loans and advances to its customers. They perform a variety of
functions and are the main source of credit which is the main input for trade and
business activity. Credit created by commercial banks is a major component of money
supply in a modern economy. Modern economies depend on the banking sector for
production, exchange and distribution.
A Commercial bank is a type of financial intermediary and a type of bank.
Commercial bank has two possible meanings:
a) It is the term used for a normal bank to distinguish it from an investment
bank.
b) Commercial banking can also refer to a bank or a division of a bank that
mostly deals with deposits and loans from corporations or large businesses, as opposed
to normal individual members of the public (retail banking).

3. A commercial bank is a profit seeking organization dealing in the other people’s
money, in the sense that it accepts deposits of money from the public to keep them in its
custody for safety. So also, it deals in credit, i.e., it creates credit by making advances
out of the funds received as deposits to needy people. It charges higher rate of interests
for the loans sanctioned and offers lower rate of interest for the deposits. The difference
between the two is the profit earned by the bank. Thus, a commercial bank functions as
a mobilize of saving in the economy.
SIGNIFICANCE OF BANKS
The importance of a bank to modern economy, so as to enable them to develop,
can be stated as follows:
(i) The banks collect the savings of those people who can save and allocate them
to those who need it. These savings would have remained idle due to ignorance
of the people and due to the fact that they were in scattered and oddly small
quantities. But banks collect them and divide them in the portions as required by
the different investors.
(ii) Banks preserve the financial resources of the country & it is expected that
they allocate them appropriately in the suitable & desirable manner.
(iii) They make available the means for sending funds from one place to another
and do this in cheap, safe and convenient manner.

4. (iv) Banks arrange for payments by cheques, order or bearer, crossed and ,
which is the easiest and most convenient. Besides they also care for making such
payments as safe as possible.
(v) Banks also help their customers, in the task of preserving their precious
possessions intact and safe. To advance money, the basis of modern industry and
economy and essential for financing the developmental process, is governed by
banks.
(vii) It makes the monetary system elastic. Such elasticity is greatly desired in
the present economy, where the phase of economy goes on changing and with
such changes, demand for money is required. It is quite proper and convenient
for the government and R.B.I. to change its currency and credit policy
frequently, this is done by RBI, by changing the supply of money with the
changing needs of the public.
B) RATIONALE OF THE STUDY
Sound financial health of a bank is the guarantee not only to its depositors but is equally
significant for the shareholders, employees and whole economy as well. As a sequel to
this maxim, efforts have been made from time to time, to measure the financial position
of each bank and manage it efficiently and effectively. In this project, an effort has been
made to evaluate the financial performance of the two major banks operating in
northern India .This evaluation has been done by using theoretical framework and
primary and secondary model of analysis. Through this model, it is highlighted that the

5. position of the banks under study is sound and satisfactory so far as their capital
adequacy, asset quality, Management capability and liquidity is concerned.
C) OBJECTIVE
The main objectives of the study are as follows:-
(i) To analyze the performance of the bank under study;
(ii) To undertake the factors which have led to the current financial performance; and to
suggest measures, on the basis of the study results, to improve further the financial
performance of the banks under study
D) HYPOTHESIS:
The hypothesis being put forth for this study is:
H1: Position of the bank under study is sound and satisfactory so far as their capital
adequacy, asset quality, Management capability and liquidity is concerned
H2: Position of the bank under study is not sound and satisfactory so far as their capital
adequacy, asset quality, Management capability and liquidity is concerned
E) RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
The research methodology is data collection through:-
The research methodology is data collection through:-

6. PRIMARY SOURCES
SECONDARY SOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCES: Survey by distributing questionnaire to the people taking
sample size of 100, questionnaire based Interviews conducted with bankers;
accumulating knowledge.
SAMPLE OF THE STUDY
The present study seeks to evaluate the performance of one of the top banks based in
northern India, representing the biggest nationalized bank Punjab National Bank, PNB).
This banks was purposely selected for the study, keeping in view its role and
involvement in shaping the economic conditions of northern India, specifically in terms
of advances, deposits, manpower employment, branch network etc.
SECONDARY SOURCES
Secondary Sources: Gathering data through books, journals, magazines,
websites, newspapers, etc.
F) EXPECTED CONTRIBUTION
Expectations from the study are that it may contribute to the real scenario of
commercial banking demand and accordingly the banks can go for new innovative
schemes. It will also specify some recommendations and based on that banks can make

7. suitable arrangements in a particular sector. It will also make people aware about
Commercial banking.
G) SCHEME OF THE REPORT. (CHAPTARISATION)
The present study has been classified into seven chapters.
The first Chapter presents the introduction of the study. It includes objectives
of the study, hypothesis, operational definition of concepts, methodology, collection of
data, data processing, and scheme of the report.
The second chapter deals with the concept of commercial banking &
Commercial banks in India.
The third chapter -highlights the on bank deposits & their structure.
The fourth chapter- relates with current scenario of commercial bank
The fifth chapter -deals with case study
The sixth chapter – Analysis of collected data
The last and final chapter- presents the summary of findings and suggestions
based on the study and it also includes conclusion of the study.

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