course material

1. WHAT IS GOING ON IN THE WORLD?
WHAT IS GOING ON IN THE WORLD?World Bank January, 2013At global level, the Institute
of Public Affairs (IPA) says that a climate of distrust of the United Nations (UN), fuelled over
many decades, and the erosion of its problem-solving capacities through the systematic use
of blocking tactics have done much to undermine institutionalised multilateralism. Instead,
attempts are being made to alleviate the pressure in the system through a move towards
sectoral – in other words, thematically specialised – forums and a multitude of
alternative forms of global governance outside the established multilateral institutions. The
resulting fragmentation of global policy-making, combined with a proliferation of
international and transnational forums, is creating new complexities in international
relations and is tending to reinforce the inequalities between actors. At the same time, the
increasing multi-polarity in the system offers opportunities to forge new alliances which no
longer (have to) abide by the rules of conventional power politics.Social protest movements
are increasingly objecting to the lack of provision of national and global public goods by
governments and their failure to control dominant market forces. The burgeoning middle
classes in many developing countries are a major force to be reckoned with here. A broad
debate has begun at the national and the international level about how prosperity and
welfare should be defined, also in light of the interests Power will flow towards
communities and individuals, and also to businesses whose leaders understand and act on
the big trends shaping the future. This future looks uncertain and unstable. Hurricane Sandy
was a deadly reminder of shifting climate patterns, emphasizing the need for new ways to
manage the world’s resources and environment. There are growing levels of social
unrest worldwide over rising inequality, austerity, unemployment, political ineptitude,
institutional failure and more. Social technologies are now a central part of everyday life
and work. The social generations are reshaping companies from the inside, helping them to
build broader, more agile networks to create and deliver value to customers. According to
the Davos Forum, mobility and connectedness will be at the heart of the future business
environment: communications and marketing are moving from a focus on one-to-one
relationships, to many-to-many.As the world’s population moves towards 9 billion by
2050, resources are under pressure, exacerbated by climate change. By 2030 we will
demand twice as many resources as the planet can supply – risking social unrest and
conflicts as people and nations compete for ever scarcer resources. Scarcity is already
driving resource price volatility and cross-border investments. New technologies and
rethinking consumption will be critical in future – with businesses rather than

2. governments likely to lead the way. Many businesses are stepping up to a new role, often
with partners, to tackle social and economic challenges. Corporations are seeking to build
legitimacy – and the license to operate – in the eyes of demanding consumers,
employees and stakeholders who care about the impact and motivations of companies with
whom they associate. But it’s also good business as companies realize mutual benefits
with society. As part of this demographic shift there will be a large increase in the numbers
of baby boomers in the Asian region. That is, in China, japan, korea, Singapore, Hong Kong,
in particular there will be a pronounced increase in the share of elderly persons in the
population. All medium to advanced economies in Asia will show such a demographic trend.
At the same time some advanced economies will have a smaller group of workers, unless
immigration increases. For example, Singapore is increasing its immigration levels to
accommodate this demographic shift, against voter opposition. In addition, to changes in
population mix there are major changes occurring in Asia as to where people live.
Urbanisation will continue where rural people will move to the larger cities to gain work.
Already large cities will become mega cities and continue to hold much of a regions wealth,
and spending power.Knowledge and information is a source of competitive advantage for
organizations, nations and individuals. But it’s a growing challenge to retain control as
mobility and the democratization of everything (commerce, politics and societies) increases
– along with cybercrime and cyber war. Large corporates are particularly vulnerable to
‘ hacking’ from individuals and state sponsored terrorists. Cloud intelligence will
evolve into becoming an active resource in our daily lives, providing analysis and contextual
advice. Virtual agents could, for example, design your family’s weekly menu based on
everyone’s health profiles, fitness goals, and taste preferences, predict futurist
consultants In a “ Rateocracy” as envisioned by management consultant Robert Moran,
organizations’ reputations are quantified, and data could be included in geographically
based information systems. You might choose one restaurant over another when your
mobile augmented-reality app flashes warnings about health-department citations or poor
customer reviews.Continually, economists are monitoring the growth of China and the rest
of the Asian countries; the behemoths of the continent are India and China. As the year
progresses, Chinese and Indian economies will be wrestling with politics, as the problems of
overextended bureaucracy, political power plays, freedom, and censorship begin to trickle
in these nations to slow growth. India’s economy has grown due to low labour costs
resulting in manufacturers outsourcing their operations to India; and will become the
world’s second largest manufacturer in the next five years. Opposite to India, China does
not have 300 political parties; they have one ruling political party. The Communist Party of
China has a new leader, Xi Jinping. Yes, China does not have conflicting political parties; they
have one party that controls the state. Yet, this does not keep human nature from
manifesting. There are many different interests in the Communist Party, and balancing
those interests will again make Mr. Xi`s career interesting. The Prime Minister will be
replaced by Mr. Li Kequiang, who has a reformist outlook that will be restricted by those
who control state industries of finance and telecommunications. Ting Lu, an economist at
Merrill Lynch has stated that Chinese GDP growth could “rebound to 7.8% year on year
in the fourth quarter†, which would counter the economic downturn that China has been

3. experiencing. Two hundred million jobs are supported by the trade sector, which has seen
an increase in December 2012 by 9.6% of shipments to the United States – which is now
the world’s largest consumer of Chinese products.Ghost cities are a result of the rapid
growth that China has experienced. The reason behind the quick construction is China
includes these new developments in their GDP, which artificially inflates growth. However,
some cities such as Ordos are empty, when they are supposed to house around a million
people. Twice as much square footage was built in China in 2013 than was sold, while many
Chinese families are buying second homes and leave them empty as an investment It is
interesting to note cancer cities. Recently, a Chinese environmentalist challenged a Chinese
official to swim in a much polluted river, and was subsequently beaten. Pollution is a
serious problem in China, as the Yangtze turned red this year and the Chinese government
admitted that 90% of their groundwater supply is severely polluted in some cities. Beijing
has seen an explosion in demand for masks, as it is difficult to breathe in the city.
Interestingly, this affects the advocates for organic foods in America. It is possible a food
product from China can contain 500 ppm of mercury and still be certified organic.
Consumer research shows that both Chinese and non-Chinese consumers are wary of
Chinese food, including restaurant products. Countries such as Singapore will have a
distinct advantage when it comes to Green credentials.Mr. Xi will have a tough fight against
corruption in his own party, and this fight will be a theme for 2013. Anti-waste campaigns
are being administrated by charging an extra fee for reserving private rooms in restaurants,
while government ads are recommending less luxurious lifestyles as China begins to see the
beginning of a wealth gap similar to America.Chinese relations with Mongolia will be
interesting to watch in 2013. Due to large foreign investment in mining by companies such
as Rio Tinto, the economy grew 17.3% in 2011, and the IMF suggested that 2013 could offer
12.2% GDP growth. Last year a new Mongolian government was elected into Parliament. In
contrast to Mongolia’s exploding growth, the Singapore government is “cautiously
positive†for 2013, based on fiscal cutbacks in the United States and “no outright crisis
in the Eurozone†. This assessment is rather dire, as America has remained in political
deadlock not making proper reforms and the Euro crisis is still a spark away from
explosion. The Singaporean central bank will keep fiscal policy tight while the government
slows the influx of foreign works, as total trade grew 1.1% in 2012. In opposition to
Singapore’s western reliant economic predictions, Bangladesh has experienced 5-6%
annual economic growth as the Guardian published a report stating global economists
suggest that Bangladesh may overtake Western economies by 2050.Overall, Asia will once
again be one of the heavier indicators of global economic growth. There are many countries
and events to mention, including the recent anti-deflation efforts of the Japanese central
bank or a decline in the South Korea’s GDP growth, but that could be a separate article.
Overall, it is expected the following will occur in 2013 for Asia: Japan will battle deflation
through 2013 as already seen in the news, with full support from Western countries. This
will not be an easy task, and Japan most likely will see increased volatility as the Central
Bank struggles for controlFor the past five years, emerging markets have accounted for two-
thirds of the world’ s growth. By 2020, that number is expected to grow to 75%. The
heightened political risk resulting from that change would be a primary challenge even in a

4. geopolitically stable context of US-led globalization. Set against what seemed like crippled
developed countries, emerging market growth kept trade moving, commodities prices
afloat, and offered attractive investment opportunities. But in a tougher overall growth
environment where the US economy looks like a better bet and the potential for explosive
risk in the eurozone goes away, concerns over emerging markets and their future will again
receive closer attention. Emerging markets will have much more volatility and instability
than the advanced industrial democracies. it’ s critical to understand that emerging market
downside differs wildly from country to country, and in many of them, in marked contrast
to developed markets, that risk is “ unbounded. Indonesia, for several years considered a
star among emerging markets, now deserves considerably more caution. There, President
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s political capital has been steadily eroding ahead of
upcoming elections, and prospects for credible economic reform have stalled.Then
there’s China, where doubling down on the present development model to safeguard
stability makes us more confident on domestic economic growth– but far more worried that
foreign companies and investors won’t benefit from it. The investment environment will
remain opaque and more oriented toward benefiting domestic players, as China’ s relative
power balance vis-a-vis international actors becomes more apparent. Uncertainty over
China’ s short- to medium-term trajectory is an order of magnitude greater than that of any
other major global economy. Russia, where opportunities are diminishing on pretty much
every front but strategic resource development. President Vladimir Putin’ s popularity is
starting to wane, but there’s no change in his hold on power nor any willingness to
reconsider his statist, highly centralized, and staggeringly corrupt approach to economic
development. External relations are becoming more challenging with both Europe and the
United States, and capital flight continues apace. It’ s not just hard to consider Russia a
“ BRIC” , it’ s hard to justifiably categorize it as a truly emerging market. Pakistan fits this
description, with high-level political assassinations and an increasingly unstable
government drawing less international aid and political interest. So too Ukraine, with poor
governance, no IMF deal, and nowhere else to turn but Russia., and Argentina, with a
government unwilling to improve the domestic economic or political environment.A
number of these countries will contribute the bulk of the world’ s political risk in 2013.
Take a serious look at China and the risks come faster than you can process: labor scarcity,
pensions, inefficiency of state owned enterprises, conflicts in the East and South China Seas,
clean water availability, clean air, food and commodity scarcity (and prices). None of these
are new. More importantly, none of them are imminent threats to stability. As the Chinese
government has shown– very effectively for more than three decades– they can manage a
wide range of risks for longer than we think. Except one. The flow of information.
Cyberspace is the most effective venue for the sudden exposure of personal
information– whether forced or accidental. In recent months, we’ ve seen more and more
examples of this. In the developed world, that’ s an annoyance, but the same trend in China
has far more serious implications. In a Chinese economy that’ s increasingly information
driven, a larger, better educated middle class needs access to the internet as part of their
work environment…and expects it as part of their daily life. Some of that information is
directly undermining the political legitimacy of China’ s top leaders. Maintaining the

5. dominant voice in communications and information flows– and limiting online and offline
information channels beyond the state– remains one of the most important political tools
that the Chinese communist party holds. The widening popular discord in Hong Kong is a
good example of where Beijing is headed with its contradictory approaches to information
and economics; the chances of a sharper deterioration of public confidence in government
will grow sharply in that city in 2013, as Hong Kong becomes a liability rather than an asset
for Beijing. With nearly half of China’ s population on line, and almost 400 million micro-
blogging and social messaging on Weibo (China’ s twitter), the Chinese government has lost
that battle. Instead, China vs information 2.0 means working to be the loudest voice— and
to steer the conversationSecond, there is nationalism. If you can’ t beat ‘ em, join ‘ em. The
Chinese leadership can’ t control the online discourse, so they need to be the loudest voice
online– and channel emotionally charged discussions into areas that are less threatening to
Beijing. From the Chinese government’ s perspective, who should be to blame when the
Chinese population gets upset? Familiar domestic “ enemies” like Tibetans and Uighurs will
see some of the scapegoating, but we’ll also see a significant increase in hostility toward
expatriates. Anti-US sentiment in China and Beijing’s willingness to take on regional
battles, especially with Japan, are on the rise. If the government feels it’ s starting to truly
lose the struggle to contain and shape information flows, they’ ll react with more
crackdown, more arrests, and tighter control of the web.- isolating China further from other
countries.Japan faces a much tougher relationship with China, one that’s far more
difficult to navigate than other countries in Asia. Unlike other Asian countries, where
China’s leaders believe that the power balance (and the presence of Chinese minorities)
benefits them sufficiently to allow for an incremental strategy, Japan is too big for that.
Further, Japan doesn’ t have as much importance for China to be concerned about the
potential downside– China no longer needs Japan’s investment dollars because it can get
much the same technology from South Korea and Taiwan. Accordingly, China is increasingly
prepared to provoke. With the new Japanese election, the potential for Japan to give the
Chinese further excuse to lash out is high.But broader regional relations have become more
tense recently as a more nationalistic China has veered sharply away from its “charm
offensive†approach to southeast Asia, while simultaneously becoming more assertive in
northeast Asia; and the United States has renewed its strategic and economic commitment
to the region, giving oxygen to the hedging strategies of many regional states seeking closer
ties with the United States. This in turn has led to another round of “the US is out to keep
China down†thinking in Beijing, and growing tensions between the world’s two most
important powers. At risk here is the decades-long pattern of East Asia as a zone where
positive-sum commerce and economics trumps zero-sum geopolitical tension. For the Asia-
pacific region broadly, at the core of China’s appeal has been the belief that China’s
economic dynamism creates opportunities for its neighbours as well. The new conventional
wisdom across much of the region is that the era of a cooperative, dynamic and non-
assertive China is over and that the regime they now face will be less dynamic economically
and more coercive and controlling.More nationalist policies are also expected from Japan.
The country will become more assertive in its policy postures as a new Liberal Democratic
Party (LDP) government pursues a more nationalist bent. New Prime Minister Shinzo Abe

6. has already pledged to strengthen Japan’s defense capabilities and to solidify Japanese
control of the Senkaku/Diaoyu islands. Beijing will see such a move as confrontational, and
it will herald another period of heightened tension in the Japan-China relationship. In
Southeast Asia, Vietnam and the Philippines are likely to continue to test Beijing over
territorial issues, driven by their perception of US backing and their sense that China will
not ultimately push toward an actual military confrontation. In the meantime, both
countries are deepening their own security ties not just with the United States, but with
Australia and Japan as well.In this context, the lack of effective East Asian regional
organizations to mitigate security tensions will become increasingly apparent. While some
will want ASEAN to play this role in Southeast Asia, Beijing continues to insist on a bilateral
approach to territorial and security issues and has enough influence with Cambodia and
Laos to prevent any unified ASEAN stance. And the United States will have to balance the
need to reassure its friends and allies with the need to avoid a continued deterioration in
relations with Beijing. Don’t expect a new equilibrium on these tough issues this year. In
the best of circumstances, the political context for economic reform might improve
following the elections. But, at this point, the more likely outcome is that India’s
policymaking environment becomes even more difficult as the poll is expected to return a
more fractious and divided parliament, generating a weak ruling coalition without the
political support for a strong reformist push.Add to this the energy revolution coming from
the western hemisphere– unprecedented amounts of unconventional gas and oil coming
from the United States, as well as exploitation of Canada’s oil sands, and offshore Brazil
and Mexico also coming on line. Looking ahead, new fossil fuels are increasingly coming
from the developed world and more stable developing countries. That’ s a boon for the
western hemisphere, and it’ s helpful for global consumers writ large.Since the financial
crisis hit in 2008, we’ve been hearing a constant refrain about the impending rise of
protectionism, and the threat it poses to the global economy and globalization. In the annual
meetings of the G20, virtually the only issue on which there has remained a strong
consensus among the leaders is the looming threat of protectionism and the need to ensure
that this risk is not realized!The gap between rich and poor continues to grow, particularly
in the United States. Austerity is biting in Europe. And Japan looks toward a third lost
decade. Surely class warfare will trigger significant instability across the developed world?
And Japan? Two lost decades, going on three. No growth, but that has less near-term impact
on personal well-being, given that Japan’s population is declining. No growth, but
population is declining. Elections had low turnout, particularly among the youth. That’ s
worrisome in terms of engagement. But there’ s no movement toward radicalism. Japan has
the potential for big demonstrations on the nuclear issue and, worryingly, on China. Looking
at North Korea there has been a fairly sudden leadership transition in the world’ s most
totalitarian state, under massive economic pressure, with an untested 28-year-old now
running the country. So far, it has gone well but great uncertainty surrounds the
region.PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC) predicts that global sports revenues will grow to
US$145.3 billion over the period 2011 – 2016, at an annual compound growth rate of 3.7
per cent. Drivers include a rebound in TV advertising, the on-going migration of sports to
pay TV and the return of financial services and automotive companies to sponsorship, plus a

7. number of major sports events in London, Sochi and Brazil over the period. Gate revenues
– still the biggest source of revenues in most markets, but the success stories will be
those who wrap their events inside a live entertainment experience. Sponsorship –
sponsors are no longer just interested in raising profile, but about deeper engagement with
the fans. Media rights – sport is going social – sports organisations need to be ready?
Merchandising – – requires an ability to engage with your online, global fan base?
Thus technological and logistical capabilities will be in demand to support these
trends.Growing signs of globalisation in the sports market emerge every day. The NFL and
NBA now host regular games in London. The Brazilian national football team plays many of
its matches in Europe. Asia and the Middle East account for seven of the 19 races on the
Formula 1 calendar, compared to two in Asia and none in the Middle East a decade ago. The
IPL cricket tournament migrated wholesale from India to South Africa for one season before
returning home. Meanwhile, sponsors are parcelling up the world by signing deals focused
on specific overseas markets such as Telekom Malaysia’s recently announced licensing
agreement with the English FA. At the same time, ongoing innovation in areas including
sponsorship models and broadcasting rights are blurring the once clear divisions between
different revenue streams, as sponsors and broadcasters seek more value in a multi-
platform world, and as subscription television challenges traditional advertising-funded
models. New technologies are accelerating these shifts. Amid this sweeping change, sports
brands are facing new challenges in growing and monetising their supporter
bases.According to Deloittes Consulting the global sports market is achieving a gradual but
robust recovery from the impact of the economic slowdown of 2008-2009.Over their four
year forecast period from 2011 to 2014, PWC estimate that total world wide revenues will
record modest overall growth as the industry rebounds from the decline suffered in 2009.
Boosted by surges in spending in the FIFA World Cup and Olympic years of 2010 and 2012
respectively, total global sports spending will rise from US$114billion in 2009 to US$133
billion in 2013, representing compound annual growth of 3.8 percent over the four years.
Stripping out the effects of major one-off events, an underlying trend of steadily rising
spending emerges. Having fallen in 2009,global spending related to ongoing events is
projected to rise steadily year by year, with annual growth topping 5 percent in 2013.
Economic conditions will remain the main driver for spending on ongoing events, cutting
into gate revenues, sponsorships and merchandising in the near term while fuelling a
rebound from 2010 onwards as economic conditions improve. Long term contracts will to
some degree insulate media rights from the recession, and as a result media is the only
category where spending for ongoing events increased in 2009. However, weak conditions
in the advertising market have been limiting renewal increases since then.: Within this
overall global growth, the overall picture is one of continued modest growth in both the
larger and more mature markets of North America(US and Canada) and Europe, as well as
the smaller markets of Asia Pacific and Latin America.: North American revenues will
expand at 3.6 percent compounded annually to remain the largest market by a wide margin
in 2013-16, ahead of Europe, growing 4.1 percent. Latin America and Asia Pacific will see
compound annual growth of 4.3percent and 3.9 percent respectively over the next four
years. The ongoing globalisation of the sports market, combined with changes in

8. distribution platforms and evolving commercial and economic factors, means each
component of the market faces a number of challenges during the period up to 2015.
Globally, sponsorship is the second biggest component of the sports market after gate
revenues, and will be the fastest growing component through to 2013. Since 2008, the
economic downturn has focused a rising proportion of attention and spending on the
biggest sports brands with global reach and pulling-power. While these have continued to
attract massive sponsorship deals and strong revenues, the mid-level brands have found it
harder to attract major sponsors, while sponsorship of the smaller local sports brands has
been hit by potential backers reducing discretionary spend in the economic downturn.
Alongside this shift, sponsors are also demanding more clarity and specific measurement of
the value they get in return for their investment, A further impact of the recession has been
to accelerate the existing move towards focusing more on social responsibility and
community involvement in sponsorship deals, including support for sports at the grass
roots level. This trend also involves reducing the emphasis on corporate hospitality in a
tough economic environmentAccording to the Tourism Industry Association of Canada, the
tourism sector looks superficially healthy with 2% growth, but mature western
destinations, such as US, Europe and Australia are losing share of the international travel
market. Demand growth for business travel is projected to slow heading into 2013-15
according to Advito. Continued sluggishness in the euro zone is softening growth rates in
other regions, even in historically strong driver markets like China. But demand will
nonetheless continue to outpace supply, with airlines keeping a particularly tight hold on
inventory. As a result, buyers should brace for low- to mid-single digit price hikes in air
fares and hotel rates. During this period, Airbus foresees the need for some 27,300
passenger airliners with seating capacities of 100 seats and above, along with nearly 900
new factory-built freighter aircraft. The Advito Forecast also anticipates a more than
doubling of the world’s overall passenger aircraft inventory, from 15,500 today to more
than 32,500 by 2031.Bob Brindley, principal at Advito. Says that world air fares are
projected to increase, buyers will pay close attention to fare restrictions follow smarter
purchasing behavior. On the hotel side, options for corporate travel include searching for
internal savings such as minor downgrades in accommodation standards and expanding the
number of properties used in high demand markets to improve the likelihood of booking
availability.†Advito is forecasting moderate airfare increases across all regions, with the
strongest demand occurring in Latin America, with expected year-over-year fare increases
between 6 and 7%, and lowest in Europe (2 to 3%). North America and Asia will see fare
increases between 4 and 5%, and Southwest Pacific between 2 and 4%.Disciplined capacity
management by airlines will be a primary factor behind cost increases. Advito forecasts
hotel average daily rate (ADR) to grow in 2013 – though not as high as hotels are
pushing in early negotiations. Exceptions include Australia and Latin America, where
demand is driving rates up considerably. Anticipated rate hikes include: 6 to 7% in North
America; 8 to 14% in Latin America; 2 to 4% in Europe; 5 to 10% in the Middle East; 5 to
8% in Asia and 6 to 10% in Southwest Pacific. Double-digit ADR increases are probable yet
again in the top rung of international gateway cities such as New York, Hong Kong and
Singapore and in some Latin American cities.Projections that the growth of the online travel

9. market is set to slow in the Asia Pacific are way off the mark, according to the local boss of
Expedia. The online travel market is forecast by PhocusWright to grow by 10% in 2013-15,
a smaller rise than the 13% seen in 2011-12 as the market matures. But Expedia managing
director ANZ Georg Ruebensal flatly denied a slowdown is on the cards. “ I don’ t believe it.
Some of the macroeconomic factors haven’ t really changed,” he told Travel Today. He
referred to the ttractive fares as a result of the competitive aviation landscape as ongoing
incentives for international travel. “ People are still taking holidays,” he said. “ It’ s not a
luxury, it’ s a necessity.” In addition, Ruebensal claimed International consumers are
becoming increasingly comfortable with booking travel online, evidenced by a diminishing
volume of enquiries to the Expedia call centre. “ The share is declining, and that’ s not
because we’ re promoting the call centre less,” he said. “ But there will always be a group of
customers that feel more comfortable doing it in a shop or doing it over the
phone.” Meanwhile Expedia has demonstrated its commitment to entering the mobile space
with its 2010 acquisition of US-based mobile development company, Mobiata. The firm is
responsible for FlightTrack, “ one of the highest grossing apps in the app space” , according
to Ruebensal. Since the app’ s global launch in March last year, it has recorded five million
downloads. Consumer use of the app has revealed a trend towards short, same day hotel
bookings — the opposite of the type of booking made using a desktop.After a highly
successful 2012 which beat industry targets, Thailand’ s MICE industry is poised for
another dynamic year ahead. Thailand Convention and Exhibition Bureau (TCEB), a Public
Organization, has revised its annual target for 2013, and is now projecting an ambitious
10% growth in MICE visitor numbers this year. As the government’ s central agency
responsible for coordinating and driving Thailand’ s MICE sector, TCEB expects to
accomplish this via three strategies – to penetrate new markets, build strategic alliances
and position the industry to compete effectively in the forthcoming single market of the
Asean Economic Community (AEC). TCEB expects to welcome more than 940,000 MICE
visitors to Thailand this year, boosting revenues US$ 2.93 billion. “ The second approach is
to expand TCEB’ s network of strategic alliances, in line with our mandate to strengthen
industry linkages and stimulate growth..” The third approach is to accelerate
implementation of TCEB’ s programs to improve the industry’ s readiness for the single
regional market of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). An English-language MICE
curriculum will also be developed for MICE operators. The initiative will begin in four key
countries considered by MICE operators as key MICE investment targets: Laos, Myanmar,
Vietnam and Indonesia (together known as LMVI). The courses will offer participants
information, analyses and advice concerning guidelines for investing