1. Respond in the following ways: (POSITIVE COMMENT)Share insights on
how
Respond in the following ways: (POSITIVE COMMENT)Share insights on how the factor you
selected( THE FACTOR I SELECTED IS ATTACHED BELLOW IN A DOCUMENT) impacts the
pathophysiology of the disorder your colleague selected.Expand on your colleague’s posting
by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and
evidence. Main PostFactors that Influence DiseaseScenario: A 23-
year-old male presents to the emergency department with suicidal ideation and requesting
detox from heroin. He has been homeless for the last four years, reports that he has many
sexual partners, does not use contraceptives, uses heroin IV, and recently spent three
months in jail for a drug-related offense. The patient complains of generalized fatigue and
night sweats — the nurse practitioner orders several tests, including a sexually transmitted
disease (STD) panel and a chest x-ray. The nurse practitioner suspects tuberculosis (TB), so
the patient is moved to a negative pressure room. His results are positive for TB and human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV).The factor that I selected was the patient behavior. The
patient was a high risk for STDs because he was using drugs IV and not engaging in safe sex
practices. According to the World Health Organization (2018), people with HIV are 20-30
times more likely to develop active TB. Furthermore, he was recently in jail. This crowded
institutionalized setting is known to increase the risk of contracting TB. The Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (n.d) lists coughing, pain in the chest, coughing up blood or
sputum, weakness, weight loss, no appetite, chills, fever, and night sweats as symptoms. The
patient complained of fatigue and night sweats. TB is caused by an acid-fast bacillus that
typically targets the lungs but can spread to other body systems. TB spreads via airborne
droplets. Proximity to someone with active TB who is speaking, coughing, or singing can
spread the disease very quickly. Once inhaled, the bacilli lodge in the upper lobe and cause
localized inflammation (Huether, & McCance, 2017). The immune system attempts to kill
the bacteria via engulfment by macrophages, but this is unsuccessful because the bacilli can
resist the toxins released by the macrophages. The bacilli then replicate inside the
macrophage, causing the formation of a tubercle. Tissues within the tubercle die, forming a
cheesy material called caseation necrosis. This formation promotes the growth of scar
tissue around the tubercle, isolating the bacteria from the host’s defenses. TB can remain in
this state for long periods, also known as latent TB. Once the immune system is impaired,
the TB can reactivate and even spread throughout the body. Usually, the immune system
2. is very good at identifying invading organisms and destroying them via phagocytosis.
Unfortunately, TB is resistant to natural bodily defenses, which makes it a significant health
care concern.ReferencesCenters for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Signs &
Symptoms. Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/basics/signsandsymptoms.htmHuether, S. E., & McCance, K.
L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.World Health
Organization. (2018, September 18). Tuberculosis (TB). Retrieved fromExpert Solution
PreviewIntroduction: In this response, I will provide a positive comment and share insights
on how patient behavior impacts the pathophysiology of tuberculosis (TB) in the case
scenario presented by my colleague.Patient behavior, specifically the high risk of sexually
transmitted diseases due to intravenous drug use and unprotected sex, is a significant factor
that impacted the development of active TB and HIV in the patient in the case scenario
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d; World Health Organization, 2018). As my
colleague shared, people with HIV have an increased risk of developing active TB, which the
patient also tested positive for (World Health Organization, 2018). Furthermore, the
patient’s history of incarceration in an overcrowded setting increased the risk of
contracting TB (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d).The pathophysiology of TB
involves the immune system’s attempt to destroy the invading acid-fast bacillus via
engulfment by macrophages. However, the bacteria can resist the toxins released by
macrophages and replicate inside them, forming a tubercle (Huether & McCance, 2017). In
the case of the patient, his compromised immune system due to HIV allowed the TB to
reactivate and spread throughout the body, causing the symptoms of fatigue and night
sweats (Huether & McCance, 2017).In summary, patient behavior plays a significant role in
the pathophysiology of TB, and as healthcare professionals, we must address underlying
risk factors such as intravenous drug use and unprotected sex to prevent the transmission
and development of active TB.#Respond #ways #POSITIVE #COMMENTShare #insights
