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拉伸試驗
1.準備試片: 在要測量的材料中,切割出試片以及所需的大小、長度、
尺寸
在試片上標出上下兩個標記,兩點標記距離為 2”稱為標距
螺紋:用來固定試片鎖在拉力試驗機上
標記:在試片上所標出上下兩點以用來測量標距的變化
標距為 2”(L0) 試片直徑為 0.5”
2.拉伸試驗:
進行拉伸試驗,在試片的兩端施以 F 的垂直力,直到試片伸長斷
裂,可以得到應力─應變圖、試片伸長率、抗拉強度、降伏強度、以及
剛性
試片伸長後測量標點之距離(Lx)在 F(x)的作用下測量出 L(x)再用游標
卡尺量出 A(x),計算出應變 以及應力 ,然後繪製出
伸長率:由測量 中取得值 以及斷面積收縮率
抗拉強度:為應力─應變圖中的最高點及為抗拉強度
降伏強度:也在應力─應變圖中找到降伏點後在應變的 0.2%處連
成直線維降伏強度
剛性:在應力─應變圖中彈性極限前數據的斜率即為剛性,而斜
率越大,剛性越大,越不易折斷
機械性質(mechanical properties):材料在受外力(機械力)作用
時它的反應
硬度(haraness):材料抵抗外力壓入其內部的能力
動態負荷(dynamic loading):材料受力與時間有關,隨時間改變
而改變
熱疲勞(thermal fatigue):材料被反覆加熱和冷卻時,其內部產
生交變熱應力,再次交變熱應力反覆作用下材料遭到破壞的現
象
耐久限度(endurance limit):材料在持續循環的應力下作用,測
試材料的極限與壽命 100370342 四工三甲張凱崴

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拉伸試驗