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Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
All Rights Reserved
Presentation Overview
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
All Rights Reserved
2
1 Statements of Problem and Purpose
2
Theoretical and Conceptual
Frameworks
3 Key Themes
4
Assumptions, Limitations, and
Delimitations
5 Design and Methodology
6 Data Collection and Analysis
7 Analysis and Interpretation
8 Quantitative RQs and Findings
9 Qualitative RQs and Findings
10 Conclusions and Implications
11 Future Recommendations
12 Major References
Statement of the Problem
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
All Rights Reserved
Textbooks not focusing on integrating
EIU, WEs, ME into English teaching
Yim, 2007
Phillipson, 2016
Gap in the Curriculum
Brown, 1993
Lee, 2009
Lee, 2016
3
Statement of the Purpose
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
All Rights Reserved
Broaden pre-service
teachers' cross-
cultural world
mindedness
Kirkpatrick, 2007
Few teaching materials
provide framework for EIU,
ME, WEs
Training Model CCTM
Curriculum – CCI Manual
4
Theoretical Foundation
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
All Rights Reserved
5
Intercultural
Competence
Theory
Spitzberg & Chagnon,
2009
Inclusion of EIU, ME, WEs into English
Language Teaching to Enhance
Intercultural Competence
Conceptual Framework: CCI Manual
Integrating EIU, ME, and WEs
Ahn, 2009
Review of Literature – Key Themes
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
All Rights Reserved
6
Multicultural
Education
Movement
Theme 2
Theme 3
Theme 4
Theme 5
Effects of Global
Education
Theme 1
Impact of
Linguistic
Cultural
Imperialism
English Education
in Korea
Impact of Globalization
Assumptions
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
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7
1. Accurately
Honestly
2. Relevant
Feedback
3. Limited
Experience
4. Experience
Disconnect
Small
Sample Size
One
Department
One
University
Longer
Investigation
Period
Limitations
8
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
All Rights Reserved
Delimitations
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
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9
1
• Cross-Cultural World-Mindedness Scale
2
• Mixed Level Research From One
University
3
• Twice A Week - 50 Minutes Each
D
D
D
D
D
Participants and Setting
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
All Rights Reserved
10
Characteristics Experimental Control
Preservice
Teachers
36 32
Korean 36 32
Freshmen 29 26
Sophomores 7 6
Convenience Sample
Setting
Private University in Korea
Timeframe
15 Weeks / 30 Classroom Sessions
Research Design and Methodology
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
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-Action Research
-Mixed Methods
-Convergent Parallel Design
EIU, ME, WEs
11
• Cross-Cultural
World-Mindedness
Scale: Experimental
and Control Groups
• Cross Cultural
Instructional Manual:
Experimental Group
• Cross-Cultural World-
Mindedness Scale:
Experimental and
Control Groups
• Cross Cultural
Instructional Manual:
Experimental Group
Field Notes:
Experimental Group
Unit Reflections:
Experimental Group
Cross Cultural
Instructional Manual –
Eight Open-ended Post
Questions: Experimental
Group
Data Collection
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
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12
Data Analysis and Interpretation
13
Quantitative Data
 Questionnaire
Construction
 SPSS
 Assessing Initial
Differences
 T-Tests
Qualitative Data
Thematic data
analysis-coded with
positive, neutral, and
negative themes
Namey et al., 2008
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
All Rights Reserved
Quantitative RQ 1 and Findings
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
All Rights Reserved
14
What significant impact will the Cross-Cultural Teaching Model
have on pre-service teachers’ perceptions toward global identity as
measured by the Cross-Cultural World Mindedness Scale?
High P-values: Sample consistent with null hypothesis
Low P-values: Sample not consistent with null hypothesis
RQ 1
t test
p ≤ .001
Quantitative RQ 1 and Findings
Statement Pre/Post M SD Mean
Differences
t p
5
Races
Pre
Post
3.56
4.19
0.23
0.69 -0.63 5.19 <.001
10
Races
Pre
Post
2.20
2.41
0.41
0.86 -0.21 12.5 <.001
12
Governments
Pre
Post
3.05
4.52
0.98
1.25 -1.47 5.55 <.001
16
Wealth
Pre
Post
2.13
2.83
0.20
0.5 -0.7 7.79 <.001
17
Technologies
Pre
Post
2.11
3.41
1.01
1.03 -1.3 5.40 <.001
20
International
Cooperative
Pre
Post
3.20
4.30
0.38
0.77 1.36 7.69 <.001
21
Rich Nations
Pre
Post
3.11
3.66
0.32
0.74 -0.55 4.09 <.001
22
Technologies
Pre
Post
3.01
4.41
0.09
0.75 -1.4 11.1 <.001
23
Wealth
Pre
Post
2.87
3.91
0.52
0.72 -1.04 7.02 <.001
25
Innovation
Pre
Post
3.34
4.08
0.23
0.89 -0.74 4.83 <.001
15
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
All Rights Reserved
Null Hypothesis 1
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
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16
01
The Cross-Cultural Teaching Model will have no significant impact
on perceptions toward global identity as measured by the Cross-
Cultural World Mindedness Scale.
Quantitative RQ 2 and Findings
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
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17
What significant impact will the Cross-Cultural Teaching Model have on
the experimental group’s perceptions toward global identity as measured
by the CCI Manual Pre- and Post-Survey?
Our country should have the right to prohibit certain racial and
religious groups from entering to live.
The complexity and challenges associated with global issues help
me acquire knowledge and experience showed.
I believe that it is necessary to learn human rights, and justice issues
within ESL class indicated an insignificant.
I believe that it is necessary to incorporate global education into
English language teaching.
Null Hypothesis 2
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
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18
01
The Cross-Cultural Teaching Model will have no significant impact
on the experimental group’s perceptions toward global understanding
as measured by the CCI Manual Pre- and Post-Survey.
Quantitative RQ 3 and Findings
What significant impact will the Cross-Cultural Teaching Model have on experimental
group’s perceptions toward English as an International Language and World Englishes as
measured by the CCI Manual Pre- and Post-Survey?
Statement Pre/Post M SD Mean
Differences
t p
3: EIU Pre
Post
4.01
3.19
1.78
1.55
0.02 2.08 .040
7: Global Issues Pre
Post
4.84
4.05
1.70
1.56
0.12 2.05 .043
9: Other Englishes
are Normal
Pre
Post
4.59
3.98
.390
.492
0.61 5.82 .001
11: CCI Manual
raised my Cross-
Cultural World-
Mindedness and
International
Understanding
Pre
Post
2.43
3.90
2.84
1.67
0.14 2.67 .009
19
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
All Rights Reserved
Null Hypothesis 3
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
All Rights Reserved
20
01
The Cross-Cultural Teaching Model will have no significant impact on the
experimental group’s perceptions toward English as an International
Language and World Englishes as measured by the CCI Manual Pre- and
Post-Survey.
Qualitative RQ 1 and Findings
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
All Rights Reserved
21
How did the Cross-Cultural Teaching Model impact pre-service
teachers’ understanding of the course content?
Experimental Group Participants 36
Pre
Theme 1: American English is the English needed to succeed in school and life.
Post
I now understand that
American English is not the
only English, and that we
should respect all Englishes
as being equal.
Pre
American English is the only
English that is necessary to
learn, we need American
English to pass our school
exams.
Qualitative RQ 1 and Findings
Experimental Group Participants 36
22
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
All Rights Reserved
understanding
Qualitative RQ 1 and Findings
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
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23
How did the Cross-Cultural Teaching Model impact pre-service
teachers’ understanding of the course content?
Experimental Group Participants 36
Theme 3: Human rights are important.
Post
I now realize that there are
human rights issues may be
in Korea and that there are
still rights of humans that
need to be helped in our
world today.
Pre
While human rights are
important there are no
problems with rights of
humans in Korea, and the
world knows how to take
care of human rights, so
there is no problem today
like in the past.
Qualitative RQ 2 and Findings
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
All Rights Reserved
24
How will the experimental group’s perceptions change regarding
Cross-Cultural World-Mindedness after participating in the Cross-
Cultural Teaching Model?
Experimental Group Pre- and Post-Training Perceptions
Post-Training Response
P1: Teacher I really enjoyed
learning about different world
Englishes. World Englishes was
interesting. Learning more about
why native vs. nonnative varieties
of English would have been
helpful. I also understand that
American English is not the only
standard English in the world.
Pre-Training Response
P1: I don’t really understand
what are World Englishes.
American English is the
standard English that we need
to secure a good job. I think it
will be a little difficult for me.
Qualitative RQ 2 and Findings
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
All Rights Reserved
25
How will the experimental group’s perceptions change regarding
Cross-Cultural World-Mindedness after participating in the Cross-
Cultural Teaching Model?
Experimental Group Pre- and Post-Training Perceptions
Post-Training Response
P2: We now know the that the
world has many different world
Englishes other than American
English. This is very important
as students need to recognize
other Englishes that are in the
world.
Pre-Training Response
P2: I do not know all the many
different ways that people over
the world use Englishes.
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
All Rights Reserved
26
How will the experimental group’s perceptions change regarding
Cross-Cultural World-Mindedness after participating in the Cross-
Cultural Teaching Model?
Pre-Training Response Post-Training Response
P3: Global issue are things like
environment and government, and poor
people. Korea does not have many
global issues, I think.
P3: I was surprised that child labor still
exists in this world. I guess I understand
that but didn’t think about it. I like the
rice vocabulary website to help feed
people. I also came to understand that
Korea also has some of these global
issues that we need to fix.
Experimental Group Pre- and Post-Training Perceptions
Qualitative RQ 2 and Findings
Conclusions
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
All Rights Reserved
27
Theory of Intercultural Competence
Impact of CCI Manual
Usage of WEs
American English
Implications
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
All Rights Reserved
28
Reduction in fear
associated with speaking
in class
WEs, ME, EIU
integrated into teaching
01
School administrators
implement CCTM on
budget.
03
02
Developed sense of
intercultural
competence, global
education
04
Recommendations
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
All Rights Reserved
29
Future Research
• Longitudinal study with
larger classes
Practitioners
• Understanding, appreciation of
foreign cultures
• Balanced perceptions of foreign
cultures
Policymakers
• CCI Manual - important tool
• English textbooks
Main References
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
All Rights Reserved
30
Ahn, J-H. (2009). English education in an era of globalization for a global citizenship: A framework for an ELT
contents design. Modern English Society of Korea, 53(1), 305–328.
Brown, H. D. (2007). Principles of language learning and teaching. New York, NY: Pearson Education.
Karabetian, A. (1992). Cross-cultural Global-Mindedness and the nuclear threat: A multinational study. Journal
of Social Behavior and Personality, 7(1), 293–308.
Kirkpatrick, A. (2007). World Englishes: Implications for international communication and English language
teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pennycook, A. (2007). ELT and colonialism. In Cummins J., Davison C. (eds). International Handbook of English
Language Teaching. Springer International Handbooks of Education, vol 15. Boston, MA: Springer.
Phillipson, R. (2016). Native speakers in linguistic imperialism. Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, (14)3,
80–96.
Spitzberg, B. H., & Chagnon, G. (2009). Conceptualizing intercultural competence. In D. K. Deardorff (Ed.), The
SAGE Handbook of Intercultural Competence (pp. 2–52). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Total References 176
31
Copyright September 2022
William J. Peters
All Rights Reserved

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William J. Peters' Dissertation Defense.pptx

  • 1. Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved
  • 2. Presentation Overview Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved 2 1 Statements of Problem and Purpose 2 Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks 3 Key Themes 4 Assumptions, Limitations, and Delimitations 5 Design and Methodology 6 Data Collection and Analysis 7 Analysis and Interpretation 8 Quantitative RQs and Findings 9 Qualitative RQs and Findings 10 Conclusions and Implications 11 Future Recommendations 12 Major References
  • 3. Statement of the Problem Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved Textbooks not focusing on integrating EIU, WEs, ME into English teaching Yim, 2007 Phillipson, 2016 Gap in the Curriculum Brown, 1993 Lee, 2009 Lee, 2016 3
  • 4. Statement of the Purpose Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved Broaden pre-service teachers' cross- cultural world mindedness Kirkpatrick, 2007 Few teaching materials provide framework for EIU, ME, WEs Training Model CCTM Curriculum – CCI Manual 4
  • 5. Theoretical Foundation Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved 5 Intercultural Competence Theory Spitzberg & Chagnon, 2009 Inclusion of EIU, ME, WEs into English Language Teaching to Enhance Intercultural Competence Conceptual Framework: CCI Manual Integrating EIU, ME, and WEs Ahn, 2009
  • 6. Review of Literature – Key Themes Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved 6 Multicultural Education Movement Theme 2 Theme 3 Theme 4 Theme 5 Effects of Global Education Theme 1 Impact of Linguistic Cultural Imperialism English Education in Korea Impact of Globalization
  • 7. Assumptions Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved 7 1. Accurately Honestly 2. Relevant Feedback 3. Limited Experience 4. Experience Disconnect
  • 9. Delimitations Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved 9 1 • Cross-Cultural World-Mindedness Scale 2 • Mixed Level Research From One University 3 • Twice A Week - 50 Minutes Each D D D D D
  • 10. Participants and Setting Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved 10 Characteristics Experimental Control Preservice Teachers 36 32 Korean 36 32 Freshmen 29 26 Sophomores 7 6 Convenience Sample Setting Private University in Korea Timeframe 15 Weeks / 30 Classroom Sessions
  • 11. Research Design and Methodology Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved -Action Research -Mixed Methods -Convergent Parallel Design EIU, ME, WEs 11
  • 12. • Cross-Cultural World-Mindedness Scale: Experimental and Control Groups • Cross Cultural Instructional Manual: Experimental Group • Cross-Cultural World- Mindedness Scale: Experimental and Control Groups • Cross Cultural Instructional Manual: Experimental Group Field Notes: Experimental Group Unit Reflections: Experimental Group Cross Cultural Instructional Manual – Eight Open-ended Post Questions: Experimental Group Data Collection Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved 12
  • 13. Data Analysis and Interpretation 13 Quantitative Data  Questionnaire Construction  SPSS  Assessing Initial Differences  T-Tests Qualitative Data Thematic data analysis-coded with positive, neutral, and negative themes Namey et al., 2008 Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved
  • 14. Quantitative RQ 1 and Findings Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved 14 What significant impact will the Cross-Cultural Teaching Model have on pre-service teachers’ perceptions toward global identity as measured by the Cross-Cultural World Mindedness Scale? High P-values: Sample consistent with null hypothesis Low P-values: Sample not consistent with null hypothesis RQ 1 t test p ≤ .001
  • 15. Quantitative RQ 1 and Findings Statement Pre/Post M SD Mean Differences t p 5 Races Pre Post 3.56 4.19 0.23 0.69 -0.63 5.19 <.001 10 Races Pre Post 2.20 2.41 0.41 0.86 -0.21 12.5 <.001 12 Governments Pre Post 3.05 4.52 0.98 1.25 -1.47 5.55 <.001 16 Wealth Pre Post 2.13 2.83 0.20 0.5 -0.7 7.79 <.001 17 Technologies Pre Post 2.11 3.41 1.01 1.03 -1.3 5.40 <.001 20 International Cooperative Pre Post 3.20 4.30 0.38 0.77 1.36 7.69 <.001 21 Rich Nations Pre Post 3.11 3.66 0.32 0.74 -0.55 4.09 <.001 22 Technologies Pre Post 3.01 4.41 0.09 0.75 -1.4 11.1 <.001 23 Wealth Pre Post 2.87 3.91 0.52 0.72 -1.04 7.02 <.001 25 Innovation Pre Post 3.34 4.08 0.23 0.89 -0.74 4.83 <.001 15 Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved
  • 16. Null Hypothesis 1 Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved 16 01 The Cross-Cultural Teaching Model will have no significant impact on perceptions toward global identity as measured by the Cross- Cultural World Mindedness Scale.
  • 17. Quantitative RQ 2 and Findings Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved 17 What significant impact will the Cross-Cultural Teaching Model have on the experimental group’s perceptions toward global identity as measured by the CCI Manual Pre- and Post-Survey? Our country should have the right to prohibit certain racial and religious groups from entering to live. The complexity and challenges associated with global issues help me acquire knowledge and experience showed. I believe that it is necessary to learn human rights, and justice issues within ESL class indicated an insignificant. I believe that it is necessary to incorporate global education into English language teaching.
  • 18. Null Hypothesis 2 Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved 18 01 The Cross-Cultural Teaching Model will have no significant impact on the experimental group’s perceptions toward global understanding as measured by the CCI Manual Pre- and Post-Survey.
  • 19. Quantitative RQ 3 and Findings What significant impact will the Cross-Cultural Teaching Model have on experimental group’s perceptions toward English as an International Language and World Englishes as measured by the CCI Manual Pre- and Post-Survey? Statement Pre/Post M SD Mean Differences t p 3: EIU Pre Post 4.01 3.19 1.78 1.55 0.02 2.08 .040 7: Global Issues Pre Post 4.84 4.05 1.70 1.56 0.12 2.05 .043 9: Other Englishes are Normal Pre Post 4.59 3.98 .390 .492 0.61 5.82 .001 11: CCI Manual raised my Cross- Cultural World- Mindedness and International Understanding Pre Post 2.43 3.90 2.84 1.67 0.14 2.67 .009 19 Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved
  • 20. Null Hypothesis 3 Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved 20 01 The Cross-Cultural Teaching Model will have no significant impact on the experimental group’s perceptions toward English as an International Language and World Englishes as measured by the CCI Manual Pre- and Post-Survey.
  • 21. Qualitative RQ 1 and Findings Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved 21 How did the Cross-Cultural Teaching Model impact pre-service teachers’ understanding of the course content? Experimental Group Participants 36 Pre Theme 1: American English is the English needed to succeed in school and life. Post I now understand that American English is not the only English, and that we should respect all Englishes as being equal. Pre American English is the only English that is necessary to learn, we need American English to pass our school exams.
  • 22. Qualitative RQ 1 and Findings Experimental Group Participants 36 22 Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved understanding
  • 23. Qualitative RQ 1 and Findings Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved 23 How did the Cross-Cultural Teaching Model impact pre-service teachers’ understanding of the course content? Experimental Group Participants 36 Theme 3: Human rights are important. Post I now realize that there are human rights issues may be in Korea and that there are still rights of humans that need to be helped in our world today. Pre While human rights are important there are no problems with rights of humans in Korea, and the world knows how to take care of human rights, so there is no problem today like in the past.
  • 24. Qualitative RQ 2 and Findings Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved 24 How will the experimental group’s perceptions change regarding Cross-Cultural World-Mindedness after participating in the Cross- Cultural Teaching Model? Experimental Group Pre- and Post-Training Perceptions Post-Training Response P1: Teacher I really enjoyed learning about different world Englishes. World Englishes was interesting. Learning more about why native vs. nonnative varieties of English would have been helpful. I also understand that American English is not the only standard English in the world. Pre-Training Response P1: I don’t really understand what are World Englishes. American English is the standard English that we need to secure a good job. I think it will be a little difficult for me.
  • 25. Qualitative RQ 2 and Findings Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved 25 How will the experimental group’s perceptions change regarding Cross-Cultural World-Mindedness after participating in the Cross- Cultural Teaching Model? Experimental Group Pre- and Post-Training Perceptions Post-Training Response P2: We now know the that the world has many different world Englishes other than American English. This is very important as students need to recognize other Englishes that are in the world. Pre-Training Response P2: I do not know all the many different ways that people over the world use Englishes.
  • 26. Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved 26 How will the experimental group’s perceptions change regarding Cross-Cultural World-Mindedness after participating in the Cross- Cultural Teaching Model? Pre-Training Response Post-Training Response P3: Global issue are things like environment and government, and poor people. Korea does not have many global issues, I think. P3: I was surprised that child labor still exists in this world. I guess I understand that but didn’t think about it. I like the rice vocabulary website to help feed people. I also came to understand that Korea also has some of these global issues that we need to fix. Experimental Group Pre- and Post-Training Perceptions Qualitative RQ 2 and Findings
  • 27. Conclusions Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved 27 Theory of Intercultural Competence Impact of CCI Manual Usage of WEs American English
  • 28. Implications Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved 28 Reduction in fear associated with speaking in class WEs, ME, EIU integrated into teaching 01 School administrators implement CCTM on budget. 03 02 Developed sense of intercultural competence, global education 04
  • 29. Recommendations Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved 29 Future Research • Longitudinal study with larger classes Practitioners • Understanding, appreciation of foreign cultures • Balanced perceptions of foreign cultures Policymakers • CCI Manual - important tool • English textbooks
  • 30. Main References Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved 30 Ahn, J-H. (2009). English education in an era of globalization for a global citizenship: A framework for an ELT contents design. Modern English Society of Korea, 53(1), 305–328. Brown, H. D. (2007). Principles of language learning and teaching. New York, NY: Pearson Education. Karabetian, A. (1992). Cross-cultural Global-Mindedness and the nuclear threat: A multinational study. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 7(1), 293–308. Kirkpatrick, A. (2007). World Englishes: Implications for international communication and English language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pennycook, A. (2007). ELT and colonialism. In Cummins J., Davison C. (eds). International Handbook of English Language Teaching. Springer International Handbooks of Education, vol 15. Boston, MA: Springer. Phillipson, R. (2016). Native speakers in linguistic imperialism. Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, (14)3, 80–96. Spitzberg, B. H., & Chagnon, G. (2009). Conceptualizing intercultural competence. In D. K. Deardorff (Ed.), The SAGE Handbook of Intercultural Competence (pp. 2–52). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Total References 176
  • 31. 31 Copyright September 2022 William J. Peters All Rights Reserved

Editor's Notes

  1. Thank you for listening. I will now take questions.