Today, I successfully defended my Doctoral dissertation. Topic - A Cross-Cultural Teaching Model’s Impact on Post-Secondary South Korean Pre-Service Teachers’ Perceptions Toward Cross-Cultural World-Mindedness
2. Presentation Overview
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William J. Peters
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2
1 Statements of Problem and Purpose
2
Theoretical and Conceptual
Frameworks
3 Key Themes
4
Assumptions, Limitations, and
Delimitations
5 Design and Methodology
6 Data Collection and Analysis
7 Analysis and Interpretation
8 Quantitative RQs and Findings
9 Qualitative RQs and Findings
10 Conclusions and Implications
11 Future Recommendations
12 Major References
3. Statement of the Problem
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William J. Peters
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Textbooks not focusing on integrating
EIU, WEs, ME into English teaching
Yim, 2007
Phillipson, 2016
Gap in the Curriculum
Brown, 1993
Lee, 2009
Lee, 2016
3
4. Statement of the Purpose
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William J. Peters
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Broaden pre-service
teachers' cross-
cultural world
mindedness
Kirkpatrick, 2007
Few teaching materials
provide framework for EIU,
ME, WEs
Training Model CCTM
Curriculum – CCI Manual
4
5. Theoretical Foundation
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William J. Peters
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5
Intercultural
Competence
Theory
Spitzberg & Chagnon,
2009
Inclusion of EIU, ME, WEs into English
Language Teaching to Enhance
Intercultural Competence
Conceptual Framework: CCI Manual
Integrating EIU, ME, and WEs
Ahn, 2009
6. Review of Literature – Key Themes
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William J. Peters
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6
Multicultural
Education
Movement
Theme 2
Theme 3
Theme 4
Theme 5
Effects of Global
Education
Theme 1
Impact of
Linguistic
Cultural
Imperialism
English Education
in Korea
Impact of Globalization
9. Delimitations
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William J. Peters
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9
1
• Cross-Cultural World-Mindedness Scale
2
• Mixed Level Research From One
University
3
• Twice A Week - 50 Minutes Each
D
D
D
D
D
10. Participants and Setting
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William J. Peters
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10
Characteristics Experimental Control
Preservice
Teachers
36 32
Korean 36 32
Freshmen 29 26
Sophomores 7 6
Convenience Sample
Setting
Private University in Korea
Timeframe
15 Weeks / 30 Classroom Sessions
11. Research Design and Methodology
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William J. Peters
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-Action Research
-Mixed Methods
-Convergent Parallel Design
EIU, ME, WEs
11
12. • Cross-Cultural
World-Mindedness
Scale: Experimental
and Control Groups
• Cross Cultural
Instructional Manual:
Experimental Group
• Cross-Cultural World-
Mindedness Scale:
Experimental and
Control Groups
• Cross Cultural
Instructional Manual:
Experimental Group
Field Notes:
Experimental Group
Unit Reflections:
Experimental Group
Cross Cultural
Instructional Manual –
Eight Open-ended Post
Questions: Experimental
Group
Data Collection
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William J. Peters
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13. Data Analysis and Interpretation
13
Quantitative Data
Questionnaire
Construction
SPSS
Assessing Initial
Differences
T-Tests
Qualitative Data
Thematic data
analysis-coded with
positive, neutral, and
negative themes
Namey et al., 2008
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William J. Peters
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14. Quantitative RQ 1 and Findings
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William J. Peters
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14
What significant impact will the Cross-Cultural Teaching Model
have on pre-service teachers’ perceptions toward global identity as
measured by the Cross-Cultural World Mindedness Scale?
High P-values: Sample consistent with null hypothesis
Low P-values: Sample not consistent with null hypothesis
RQ 1
t test
p ≤ .001
15. Quantitative RQ 1 and Findings
Statement Pre/Post M SD Mean
Differences
t p
5
Races
Pre
Post
3.56
4.19
0.23
0.69 -0.63 5.19 <.001
10
Races
Pre
Post
2.20
2.41
0.41
0.86 -0.21 12.5 <.001
12
Governments
Pre
Post
3.05
4.52
0.98
1.25 -1.47 5.55 <.001
16
Wealth
Pre
Post
2.13
2.83
0.20
0.5 -0.7 7.79 <.001
17
Technologies
Pre
Post
2.11
3.41
1.01
1.03 -1.3 5.40 <.001
20
International
Cooperative
Pre
Post
3.20
4.30
0.38
0.77 1.36 7.69 <.001
21
Rich Nations
Pre
Post
3.11
3.66
0.32
0.74 -0.55 4.09 <.001
22
Technologies
Pre
Post
3.01
4.41
0.09
0.75 -1.4 11.1 <.001
23
Wealth
Pre
Post
2.87
3.91
0.52
0.72 -1.04 7.02 <.001
25
Innovation
Pre
Post
3.34
4.08
0.23
0.89 -0.74 4.83 <.001
15
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16. Null Hypothesis 1
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16
01
The Cross-Cultural Teaching Model will have no significant impact
on perceptions toward global identity as measured by the Cross-
Cultural World Mindedness Scale.
17. Quantitative RQ 2 and Findings
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William J. Peters
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What significant impact will the Cross-Cultural Teaching Model have on
the experimental group’s perceptions toward global identity as measured
by the CCI Manual Pre- and Post-Survey?
Our country should have the right to prohibit certain racial and
religious groups from entering to live.
The complexity and challenges associated with global issues help
me acquire knowledge and experience showed.
I believe that it is necessary to learn human rights, and justice issues
within ESL class indicated an insignificant.
I believe that it is necessary to incorporate global education into
English language teaching.
18. Null Hypothesis 2
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01
The Cross-Cultural Teaching Model will have no significant impact
on the experimental group’s perceptions toward global understanding
as measured by the CCI Manual Pre- and Post-Survey.
19. Quantitative RQ 3 and Findings
What significant impact will the Cross-Cultural Teaching Model have on experimental
group’s perceptions toward English as an International Language and World Englishes as
measured by the CCI Manual Pre- and Post-Survey?
Statement Pre/Post M SD Mean
Differences
t p
3: EIU Pre
Post
4.01
3.19
1.78
1.55
0.02 2.08 .040
7: Global Issues Pre
Post
4.84
4.05
1.70
1.56
0.12 2.05 .043
9: Other Englishes
are Normal
Pre
Post
4.59
3.98
.390
.492
0.61 5.82 .001
11: CCI Manual
raised my Cross-
Cultural World-
Mindedness and
International
Understanding
Pre
Post
2.43
3.90
2.84
1.67
0.14 2.67 .009
19
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William J. Peters
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20. Null Hypothesis 3
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William J. Peters
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01
The Cross-Cultural Teaching Model will have no significant impact on the
experimental group’s perceptions toward English as an International
Language and World Englishes as measured by the CCI Manual Pre- and
Post-Survey.
21. Qualitative RQ 1 and Findings
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William J. Peters
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How did the Cross-Cultural Teaching Model impact pre-service
teachers’ understanding of the course content?
Experimental Group Participants 36
Pre
Theme 1: American English is the English needed to succeed in school and life.
Post
I now understand that
American English is not the
only English, and that we
should respect all Englishes
as being equal.
Pre
American English is the only
English that is necessary to
learn, we need American
English to pass our school
exams.
22. Qualitative RQ 1 and Findings
Experimental Group Participants 36
22
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William J. Peters
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understanding
23. Qualitative RQ 1 and Findings
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William J. Peters
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23
How did the Cross-Cultural Teaching Model impact pre-service
teachers’ understanding of the course content?
Experimental Group Participants 36
Theme 3: Human rights are important.
Post
I now realize that there are
human rights issues may be
in Korea and that there are
still rights of humans that
need to be helped in our
world today.
Pre
While human rights are
important there are no
problems with rights of
humans in Korea, and the
world knows how to take
care of human rights, so
there is no problem today
like in the past.
24. Qualitative RQ 2 and Findings
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William J. Peters
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How will the experimental group’s perceptions change regarding
Cross-Cultural World-Mindedness after participating in the Cross-
Cultural Teaching Model?
Experimental Group Pre- and Post-Training Perceptions
Post-Training Response
P1: Teacher I really enjoyed
learning about different world
Englishes. World Englishes was
interesting. Learning more about
why native vs. nonnative varieties
of English would have been
helpful. I also understand that
American English is not the only
standard English in the world.
Pre-Training Response
P1: I don’t really understand
what are World Englishes.
American English is the
standard English that we need
to secure a good job. I think it
will be a little difficult for me.
25. Qualitative RQ 2 and Findings
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William J. Peters
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How will the experimental group’s perceptions change regarding
Cross-Cultural World-Mindedness after participating in the Cross-
Cultural Teaching Model?
Experimental Group Pre- and Post-Training Perceptions
Post-Training Response
P2: We now know the that the
world has many different world
Englishes other than American
English. This is very important
as students need to recognize
other Englishes that are in the
world.
Pre-Training Response
P2: I do not know all the many
different ways that people over
the world use Englishes.
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William J. Peters
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How will the experimental group’s perceptions change regarding
Cross-Cultural World-Mindedness after participating in the Cross-
Cultural Teaching Model?
Pre-Training Response Post-Training Response
P3: Global issue are things like
environment and government, and poor
people. Korea does not have many
global issues, I think.
P3: I was surprised that child labor still
exists in this world. I guess I understand
that but didn’t think about it. I like the
rice vocabulary website to help feed
people. I also came to understand that
Korea also has some of these global
issues that we need to fix.
Experimental Group Pre- and Post-Training Perceptions
Qualitative RQ 2 and Findings
28. Implications
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William J. Peters
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Reduction in fear
associated with speaking
in class
WEs, ME, EIU
integrated into teaching
01
School administrators
implement CCTM on
budget.
03
02
Developed sense of
intercultural
competence, global
education
04
29. Recommendations
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William J. Peters
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Future Research
• Longitudinal study with
larger classes
Practitioners
• Understanding, appreciation of
foreign cultures
• Balanced perceptions of foreign
cultures
Policymakers
• CCI Manual - important tool
• English textbooks
30. Main References
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William J. Peters
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30
Ahn, J-H. (2009). English education in an era of globalization for a global citizenship: A framework for an ELT
contents design. Modern English Society of Korea, 53(1), 305–328.
Brown, H. D. (2007). Principles of language learning and teaching. New York, NY: Pearson Education.
Karabetian, A. (1992). Cross-cultural Global-Mindedness and the nuclear threat: A multinational study. Journal
of Social Behavior and Personality, 7(1), 293–308.
Kirkpatrick, A. (2007). World Englishes: Implications for international communication and English language
teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pennycook, A. (2007). ELT and colonialism. In Cummins J., Davison C. (eds). International Handbook of English
Language Teaching. Springer International Handbooks of Education, vol 15. Boston, MA: Springer.
Phillipson, R. (2016). Native speakers in linguistic imperialism. Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, (14)3,
80–96.
Spitzberg, B. H., & Chagnon, G. (2009). Conceptualizing intercultural competence. In D. K. Deardorff (Ed.), The
SAGE Handbook of Intercultural Competence (pp. 2–52). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Total References 176