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A.I.
i.e. Artificial Intelligence
By Vraj Dobariya
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Topics to Discuss
• Introduction
• History
• Types
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
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Introduction to A.I.
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What is A.I.?
• Artificial intelligence (AI) is the
ability of a computer or a robot
controlled by a computer to do
tasks that are usually done by
humans.
• Artificial intelligence (AI) makes it
possible for machines to learn
from experience, adjust to new
inputs and perform human-like
tasks.
• Requirement : they require
human intelligence and
discernment.
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Why was A.I. invented?
• A.I. was invented with the goal of
creating machines or computer systems
that can perform tasks that would
typically require human intelligence or
human self.
• Factors behind inventing A.I. :-
1. Automating Repetitive Tasks
2. Scientific Explorations
3. Entertainment & Gaming
4. Natural Language Processing
5. Exploration of Uncharted
Territories
6. Medical Diagnosis and etc…
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History
• The field of AI research was founded at a workshop at Dartmouth College in 1956.The
attendees became the leaders of AI research in the 1960s.They and their students produced
programs that the press described as "astonishing“ because computers were
learning checkers strategies, solving word problems in algebra, proving logical theorems and
speaking English.
• By the middle of the 1960s, research in the U.S. was heavily funded by the Department of
Defense and laboratories had been established around the world. Herbert Simon predicted,
"machines will be capable of doing any work a man can do within twenty years ". Marvin
Minsky agreed, writing, "within a generation ... the problem of creating 'artificial intelligence' will
substantially be solved".
• In the early 1980s, AI research was revived by the commercial success of expert systems, a
form of AI program that simulated the knowledge and analytical skills of human experts. By
1985, the market for AI had reached over a billion dollars. At the same time, Japan's fifth
generation computer project inspired the U.S. and British governments to restore funding
for academic research.
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History
• AI gradually restored its reputation in the late 1990s and early 21st century by exploiting formal
mathematical methods and by finding specific solutions to specific problems. This "narrow" and
"formal" focus allowed researchers to produce verifiable results and collaborate with other fields
(such as statistics, economics and mathematics). By 2000, solutions developed by AI
researchers were being widely used, although in the 1990s they were rarely described as
"artificial intelligence".
• Deep learning about A.I. began to dominate industry benchmarks in 2012 and was adopted
throughout the field. For many specific tasks, other methods were abandoned. Deep learning's
success was based on both hardware improvements (faster computers, graphics processing
units, cloud computing) and access to large amount of data.
• In 2016, issues of fairness and the misuse of technology were catapulted into center stage at
machine learning conferences, publications vastly increased, funding became available, and
many researchers re-focused their careers on these issues. The alignment problem(they don’t
get better at achieving what humans want them to) became a serious field of academic study.
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Types of A.I.
• ANI(Artificial Narrow Intelligence) : ANI had achieved through the concept of Natural
Language Processing(NLP).ANI is also known as weak A.I. NLP concept is the common
functionality in chatbots and similar A.I. domains in which the machines are basically
programmed in a way to interact with humans using speech and text recognition mechanism.
Examples : Siri, google assistant, alexa,etc…
• AGI(Artificial General Intelligence) : AGI is also known as strong A.I. It is a concept of the
machine with general intelligence that mimics human intelligence, with the ability to think,
understand, learn and apply its intelligence to solve any problem as humans do in any given
situation. Examples : music A.I., self-driving cars, etc…
• ASI(Artificial Super Intelligence) : ASI is a software-based system with intellectual powers
beyond those of humans across a comprehensive range of categories and fields of endeavor.
ASI doesn't exist yet and is a hypothetical state of A.I.. It is an imaginary A.I..
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Advantages & Disadvantages
of A.I.
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Advantages
• Automation
• Accuracy
• 24/7 Availability
• Data Analysis
• Decision Making
• Personalization
• Scalability
• Predictive Analytics
• Complex Problem Solving
• Medical Diagnotics
• Natural Language Processing
• Robotics
• Exploration and Research
• Fraud Detection
• Entertainment and Creativity
• Elderly Care
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Disadvantages
• Unemployment and
Workforce Changes
• Security Risks
• Comlexity and Maintanence
• Economic Disparities
• Loss of Control
• Environmental Impact
• Unintended Consequences
• Job Displacement
• Bias and Fairness
• Privacy Concerns
• Lack of Creativity and
Intuition
• Reliability and
Trustworthiness
• Ethical Dilemmas
• Dependency and Skills Gap
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Is A.I. gonna increase the unemployment rate? Why?
