2. surface water
The presence of surface water in an area depends on:
climatic conditions
Relief
The size of precipitation
air temperature
POLISH SURFACE WATER
Baltic Sea (part of the internal waters)River
Lake
Ponds
Marshes and wetlands
Artificial reservoirs and canals
3. Rivers
Polish area, taking into account the hydrographic conditions, is located in the catchment
area of three seas:
Morze Bałtyckie– 99,8%, w tym:
Dorzecze Wisły – 55,7%;
dorzecze Odry – 33,9%;
rzeki pobrzeża bałtyckiego – 9,3%;
dorzecze Niemna – 0,8%;
Morza Czarnego 0,2%:
dorzecze Dunaju (Orawa)
dorzecze Dniestru;
Morza Północnego:
dorzecze Łaby (Izera, Orlica)
This watershed - the land area from which all surface and underground water
flows into a sea, ocean or other body of water.
4. headwaters areas
• Most of Polish rivers have their sources in the three regions of the country, called źródliskowymi areas.
These are:
• Karpaty and Sudety Where you start from Wisła and and most of their mountain tributaries
• heights– where the source of large tributaries Wisły and Odry, for example :Warta, Pilica,
Nida, Wieprz
• Pojezierze Pomorskie i Pojezierze Mazurskie – where flow rivers flowing directly into the sea or being
tributaries of the lower sections Wisły i Odry. Są to m.in. Łeba, Pasłęka, Słupia
Ze stoków Baraniej Góry wypływają źródła
Białej i Czarnej Wisełki - potoków dających
początek największej polskiej rzece - Wiśle.
5. Watershed - wododzielny area, the boundary separating the adjacent basin
Main department called the border between the basins of the two seas, gun-order - the boundary between the main river
basins, while the main river basin tributaries Chapter II distributes row and so on.
Main sections of water separating theVistula and the Oder and the rivers that flow directly into the Baltic
Sea. Is relatively easy to determine the water department wrinkled areas in the mountains and in the
highlands, where it is carried out along the line of the back of the bulge area, through its top and through the
passes between it and the adjacent peaks (in the Sudetes and the Carpathian Mountains - separates the basin
of the Oder andVistula river basins Elbe, Danube and Dniester.) by contrast, in the lowlands of its accurate
determination is much more difficult.
Basin - catchment of the river, which is the area from which surface water flows into a particular river or its
tributaries.Abroad is a watershed basin. Polish territory belongs to the basin:
Wisły
Odry
Rzek pobrzeża Bałtyku
Niemna
Łaby
Dniestru
Dunaju
A specific feature of the Oder andVistula river basins is their asymmetry. Right basin of both rivers are much
larger than the left.The ratio of the basin left to right is 27:73Vistula and Odra 30: 70.The right tributaries
of the rivers are therefore longer than the left.The main reason is the slope from south to north and from
east to west.
6. River basins and watersheds Polish
Dorzecze Dunaju
Dorzecze Dniestru
dorzecze Łaby
Dorzecze Wisły
Dorzecze
Odry
Dorzecze rzek
pobrzeża
Bałtyku
Dorzecze
Niemna
Zlewisko M. Czarnego
Zlewisko M. Północnego
Zlewisko M. Bałtyckiego
Działy wodne
7. river regime
Regime (regime) river - the way in which the shape of the river flow during the year. First of all,
it depends on the power sources (rain, snow, glacier mountain) and the fluctuation of water
status during the year.May Polish river regime snow - rainy.This means that they are powered
mainly by rainfall and melting snow.Water levels are highest in the spring and summer
Summer flood caused by torrential rains rivers in July and August, which increase the water level
in the trough.They cause a rapid rise of water, mainly in mountain rivers, and local flooding. If
the rain lasts a few days and are intense floods can cause a considerable range, creating a great
danger.In winter, local floods occur in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea. Cause them strong
northerly winds stacking seawater in estuaries and preventing the free outflow.This phenomenon
is called a backwater.
The lowest water levels in rivers Polish occur in late summer and early autumn and winter, when
some of the water is impounded in the form of snow and ice. In the eastern part of the country
takes the longest - up to 80 days in the western and north-western - the shortest 10-20 days.
8. Sieć hydrograficzna Polski
The longest river in Poland:
• Wisła (długość 1049 km, powierzchnia dorzecza 194 425 km2, a średni przepływ wody to 1020 m3/s)
• Odra (długość 854 km (742 km w Polsce) dorzecze 118 861 km2, średni przepływ wody 560 m3/s)
• Warta (długość 808 km, dorzecze 54 529 km2, średni przepływ wody 215,0 m3/s)
• Bug (długość 772 km (w tym w Polsce 587 km) dorzecze 39 420 km2, średni przepływ wody 155 m3/s)
• Narew (długość 484 km ( 448 km w Polsce) dorzecze 75 175 km2, średni przepływ wody to 318 m3/s)
• San (długość 443 km, dorzecze 16 861 km2, średni przepływ wody to 125 m3/s)
• Noteć (długość 388 km, dorzecze 17 330 km2, średni przepływ wody to 76,6 m3/s)
pozostałe duże rzeki Polski to: Pilica, Biebrza, Bzura, Nysa Kłodzka, Prosna.
The largest natural lake area in Poland include:
Śniardwy (typ morenowy, zajmuje powierzchnie 113,8 km2, ma
głębokość 23,4 metry)
Mamry (powierzchnia 104,4 km2, głębokość 43,8metrów)
Łebsko (powierzchnia 71,4 km2, jezioro przybrzeżne, głębokość 6,3
metry)
Dąbie (powierzchnia 56,0 km2, deltowe, głębokość 4,2 metry)
The deepest lake in Poland include:
Hańcza (głębokość 108,5 metry, rynnowe)
Drawsko (województwo zachodniopomorskie, głębokość 79,9
metry, rynnowe)
Wielki Staw (głębokość 79,3 metry, cyrkowe)
Czarny Staw (głębokość 76,4 metry, cyrkowe)
Wigry (województwo podlaskie, głębokość 73 metry, rynnowe)
9. lake
In Poland there are tens of thousands of lakes, of which 9300 has an area of more than 1 ha .. Most of the lakes
found in the area of the last glaciation.
From a geological point of view of the lake are the most common forms of short-term and youth demonstrate
the landscape in which they occur.
Most of the Polish lakes has a few thousand years, only a few are older nico, for example.Tatra lakes circus
created 10-12 thousand years ago.
In Poland, the lakes cover an area of 3200 km2 just what constitutes approx. 1% of the country.
The presence of lakes in Poland is uneven. Is the largest lakes in the north of the country.
10. The largest lake in Poland is a lakeThe largest lake in Poland is a lakeThe largest lake in Poland is a lakeThe largest lake in Poland is a lake „„„„
śniardwyśniardwyśniardwyśniardwy”””” ---- the area of 113.8 km2the area of 113.8 km2the area of 113.8 km2the area of 113.8 km2
The deepest lake in Poland isThe deepest lake in Poland isThe deepest lake in Poland isThe deepest lake in Poland is HanczaHanczaHanczaHancza ----
maximum depth of 108.5 mmaximum depth of 108.5 mmaximum depth of 108.5 mmaximum depth of 108.5 m
Śniardwy -Warnołty
Hańcza
11. Marshes and wetlands
Swamps and wetlands are areas that are permanently waterlogged in places obstruction rainwater or
high groundwater level. Overgrown by vegetation adapted to the specific conditions associated with high
moisturizing.
These areas make up nearly 8% of the country.
In most cases, the marshes are also bogs.The biggest teams peatlands occur in the valleys of the Narew
and Biebrza and zachodnie Polesie.
peatlands are divided into: high - powered only rainwater, occurring on watersheds, flat plateaus and
areas constructed from impermeable rock; low - powered groundwater, found in the broad valleys of the
rivers and lakes in extinct.
Bagna Biebrzańskie
12. artificial reservoirs
Tank anthropogenic (flood) - reservoir
created by human activity.They arise from
rivers, primarily as a result of the
construction of the dam mountain.
The most common functions are: natural,
landscape, flood control, breeding, water
supply (for municipal, agricultural,
industrial), energy, tourism and
recreation, fire, military, defense.
In Poland there are approx. 100 artificial
water reservoirs with a capacity of more
than 1 sq.hm in rural areas
Zbiornik Czorsztyński
13. water channels
Water channel - an artificial watercourse, a fragment of the waterway, which aims to
connect existing natural waterways.
Water channel connecting rivers and lakes inland navigation channel.A dense
network of rivers and canals intersecting them make inland waterways.
Among the channel function may be mentioned include Drainage, industrial, energy,
recreation and tourism.
Kanał Gliwicki
