2. Objectives
What is Organizational culture and Work
Ethic?
How does a culture evolve?
What is my corporate culture?
How to cultivate a positive culture.
What is my role in cultivating and maintaining
a positive culture?
3. Introduction
There is an adage that:
‘When you go to Rome, do like the Romans
do’.
What do you make of this saying?
Reflect on the culture in our society and in
your community
How has it impacted on you?
4. 1.What is Culture?
1. A culture cannot be precisely defined, because it
deals with:
The state of mind, feelings, perceptions
Values
Beliefs,
Attitudes & Assumptions - which are intangible
Culture manifests itself through dress, food, dance,
language, norms, beliefs and practices.
5. Culture Defined
Shared social values on what is right, good, true,
desirable and most important in life,
Norms of behaviour: unwritten rules of conduct
that are passed by word of mouth and enforced
through reactions of people
Customary way of doing things
The accepted ways of behavior/ way of life
especially the general customs and beliefs, of a
particular people at a particular time.
6. Culture cont’d
1. Culture is learned
2. Culture is shared
3. Culture evolves with time
4. Culture is transmitted from generation to generation
5. It determines how people of a society think, and feel
6. It directs actions and defines a people’s outlook to life-
behavior
7. Cultures can be emotional when change is threatened.
7. Organisational Culture
Organisational Culture simply means: “The way
things are generally done here”
The culture of an organisation evolves over time.
employees may not even be aware that it exists
It can be positive or negative; an asset or a
liability to an organisation
Within an organization, there are subcultures.
Once Organizational culture has formed, It takes
time, and real effort to change .
8. Expected Corporate culture
Profitable
Efficient
Innovative
Corporate Social Responsibility
Determinant of socio-economic and political
environment
Quality
Quality training of professionals
How do you compare to other institutions locally,
COMESA, internationally
What do you admire from these other companies
9. Aspects of culture
Two critical aspects of Organisational culture
are that it influences:
The way work is done
The way people relate in an organisation
10. 2. How organizational culture evolves
and is transmitted
Values of MGT,
(movers and shakers)
Ceremonies & Rites
Organizational Culture
Socialization Stories & language
Vision & mission Informal groups
11. Informal groups
The informal groups too contribute to the
development of a culture,
They support it or break it
Can act as resistance agents or support forums.
You as an individual are a part of the group, and
have an important role to play.
Is your contribution positive and building or negative
and damaging.
12. Levels of Organizational Culture
1. Invisible level: values, beliefs. These persist over time
and are resistant to change.
1. Visible level: Artefacts - awards, dress
Artefacts are those visible and tangible aspects of
culture that one can feel, hear or see on entering an
organization.
They include such things as the tone, language used,
manner of dress & style of addressing others during
meetings, welcome given to visitors …
13. Verbal Artifacts
Man eateth where he worketh
Amelalia maskio
Chunga unga Mzee
Mbio Zako zitaisha
Urefu ni wa mungu, upana ni wa kujifatutia
Panya wa kanisa hula kanisani
AIE- Authority to initiate eating
Wacha Wazee Wakule
14. 3.Assessing your organizational culture?
The easiest way to know your corporate culture is
to listen to what people inside and outside say
about your organization.
However, the spoken and the unspoken can vary
widely.
1. How do you feel on entering your offices/building
every morning?
2. What is it that you observe/see and hear?
3. How do you treat each other?
4. How do you treat customers?
5. On what basis are decisions made?
15. Negative culture is a liability-
Undesirable
Bribes/Corruption Kitu Kidogo
Revolutionary –opposes the
status quo
‘Dressing’
Declining production
Lateness to work/
absenteeism
Favouritism/tribalism
Delay in accomplishing set
programs
Biased promotions
Corruption
Gossip/Idleness
Leakage of confidential
information
Lack of procedures
Poor communication of
official information
Unethical behavior
False claims
misuse of water, power,
stationary, telephone)
16. What factors encourage a negative culture?
systemic weaknesses and loopholes
Biased reward and punishment systems
unnecessary competition
When Individual interests override institutional
interests
Where the prevailing perceptions and attitudes are
unfavourable
Lack of clear polices and procedures
Lack of role model
Failure to enforce the prescribed rules and
regulations
17. Positive Org. Culture is an asset
In a positive culture people know what is expected
of them
They waste little time in deciding what to do and
how to act in a given situation
A positive culture enables people to feel better
about what they do
Conveys a sense of identity for organizational
members and unity of purpose.
A positive culture positively influences employees
‘way of life’
18. Work Ethic
Work Ethic is about our attitude and values towards work.
It’s a set of values based on hard work and diligence held by
employees.
Why we work: do we just work for money or for the intrinsic value-
for its own sake
What we do: doing our job and doing it right, having a sense of
purpose and being part of the greater vision.
What values we uphold: work ethics involve characteristics such
as:
honesty,
integrity,
Accountability
commitment
Keeping things above board
19. Work Ethic cont’d
4. How we do our work: are there specific, recognizable and
measurable outcomes?
5. Who benefits: is it both the employer and the employee?
6. How we handle institutional assets: ethical behavior is also
demonstrated in the way we treat property /assets that do not
belong to us.
7. How we get along with others: respect, communication and
interaction
8. Work ethic includes how one feels about their
job/responsibilities- it is about whom and how a person is.
Work Ethic is like a double edged sword that must be handled with
care – over indulgence. Let us not be hammered out of
shape.
20. What influences our attitude towards
work?
Socialization towards work during childhood
and adolescence
Motivation-praise or blame,
Interactions with others
Role modeling by parents- their attitude
Socialization in the workplace
Occupational culture = inner fraternity of
colleagues
Schooling- inculcation of good attitudes
21. Where a culture and work ethic has been changed
Positively, you will find:
Accountability
Humility
Adherence to rules and regulations
Diligence
Self discipline
Honesty
Diligence in work
Initiative
Integrity-trustworthiness, honesty and truthful
Responsiveness
Positive Attitude
Courtesy, professionalism
Team spirit
Refusal to participate in any form of corruption
22. 4. How to promote a positive
Organizational Culture and Work
Ethic
Defining the organizations Vision and mission
statement
Compliance to codes of conduct/Service charters
Identifying the core values of the organization and
making them known to the employees-Institutional
Integrity
Promote personal/professional integrity.
Motivating the members of the organization by
involving them
Reinforcing traditions that promote the values of the
organization
Leading by example
23. Pertinent Questions
Does your department/organization have identifiable values and
attitudes?
What aspects of your organizational culture are positive and
ethical, which are undesirable?
Does the culture of your department support the overall
organizational culture that is desirable?
What is being done in your organization to create a positive
culture?
What methods have you put in place to pass key messages to
your staff/clients and customers?
What policies are in place to influence ethical behavior?
24. Individual Responsibility
Doing right things and doing them right
Doing the best that you can-do
Being internally driven, & innovative
Having a vision and motto in your life
Correcting situations when they are wrong
Leave a signature in your org
25. Remember
Organizations/corporations /institutions have values
and beliefs to pass along not just products
They have stories to tell not just profits to make.
The question is: what values, beliefs and stories
does your institution pass or tell?