State Bank of India (SBI) is an Indian multinational, public sector banking and financial services company. It is a government-owned corporation with its headquarters in Mumbai, Maharashtra. As of 2016-17, it had assets of ₹30.72 trillion (US$460 billion) and more than 14,000 branches, including 191 foreign offices spread across 36 countries, making it the largest banking and financial services company in India by assets.[3][4][5] The company is ranked 232nd on the Fortune Global 500 list of the world's biggest corporations as of 2016.[6]
The bank traces its ancestry to British India, through the Imperial Bank of India, to the founding, in 1806, of the Bank of Calcutta, making it the oldest commercial bank in the Indian subcontinent. Bank of Madras merged into the other two "presidency banks" in British India, Bank of Calcutta and Bank of Bombay, to form the Imperial Bank of India, which in turn became the State Bank of India in 1955.[7] Government of India owned the Imperial Bank of India in 1955, with Reserve Bank of India (India's Central Bank) taking a 60% stake, and renamed it the State Bank of India. In 2008, the government took over the stake held by the Reserve Bank of India.
State Bank of India is a banking behemoth and has 20% market share in deposits and loans among Indian commercial banks.[8]
Kenya Coconut Production Presentation by Dr. Lalith Perera
Case Study On Financial Inclusion Programme Carried Out By Banks In India With Specific Refrence To State Bank Group
1. 1
CASE STUDY ON FINANCIAL INCLUSION PROGRAMME CARRIED
OUT BY BANKS IN INDIA WITH SPECIFIC REFRENCE TO STATE
BANK GROUP
Varun Kesavan, Research Scholar, Palakkad, Email Id – varunkesavan@yahoo.com
INTRODUCTION
State Bank of India (SBI) is an Indian multinational, public sector banking
and financial services company. It is a government-owned corporation with its
headquarters in Mumbai, Maharashtra. As of 2016-17, it had assets of ₹30.72
trillion (US$460 billion) and more than 14,000 branches, including 191 foreign offices
spread across 36 countries, making it the largest banking and financial services
company in India by assets.[3][4][5] The company is ranked 232nd on the Fortune
Global 500 list of the world's biggest corporations as of 2016.[6]
The bank traces its ancestry to British India, through the Imperial Bank of India, to
the founding, in 1806, of the Bank of Calcutta, making it the oldest commercial bank
in the Indian subcontinent. Bank of Madras merged into the other two "presidency
banks" in British India, Bank of Calcutta and Bank of Bombay, to form the Imperial
Bank of India, which in turn became the State Bank of India in 1955.[7] Government
of India owned the Imperial Bank of India in 1955, with Reserve Bank of India (India's
Central Bank) taking a 60% stake, and renamed it the State Bank of India. In 2008,
the government took over the stake held by the Reserve Bank of India.
State Bank of India is a banking behemoth and has 20% market share in deposits
and loans among Indian commercial banks.[8]
2. 2
HISTORY
The roots of the State Bank of India lie in the first decade of the 19th century, when
the Bank of Calcutta, later renamed the Bank of Bengal, was established on 2 June
1806. The Bank of Bengal was one of three Presidency banks, the other two being
the Bank of Bombay (incorporated on 15 April 1840) and the Bank of
Madras (incorporated on 1 July 1843). All three Presidency banks were incorporated
as joint stock companies and were the result of royal charters. These three banks
received the exclusive right to issue paper currency till 1861 when, with the Paper
Currency Act, the right was taken over by the Government of India. The Presidency
banks amalgamated on 27 January 1921, and the re-organised banking entity took
as its name Imperial Bank of India. The Imperial Bank of India remained a joint stock
company but without Government participation.
Pursuant to the provisions of the State Bank of India Act of 1955, the Reserve Bank
of India, which is India's central bank, acquired a controlling interest in the Imperial
Bank of India. On 1 July 1955, the imperial Bank of India became the State Bank of
India. In 2008, the Government of India acquired the Reserve Bank of India's stake
in SBI so as to remove any conflict of interest because the RBI is the country's
banking regulatory authority.
In 1959, the government passed the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act. This
made SBI subsidiaries of eight that had belonged to princely states prior to their
nationalization and operatonal takeover between September 1959 and October
1960, which made eight state banks associates of SBI. This acquisition was in tune
with the first Five Year Plan, which prioritised the development of rural India. The
government integrated these banks into the State Bank of India system to expand its
3. 3
rural outreach. In 1963 SBI merged State Bank of Jaipur (est. 1943) and State Bank
of Bikaner (est.1944).
SBI has acquired local banks in rescues. The first was the Bank of Bihar (est. 1911),
which SBI acquired in 1969, together with its 28 branches. The next year SBI
acquired National Bank of Lahore (est. 1942), which had 24 branches. Five years
later, in 1975, SBI acquired Krishnaram Baldeo Bank, which had been established in
1916 in Gwalior State, under the patronage of Maharaja Madho Rao Scindia. The
bank had been the Dukan Pichadi, a small moneylender, owned by the Maharaja.
The new bank's first manager was Jall N. Broacha, a Parsi. In 1985, SBI acquired
the Bank of Cochin in Kerala, which had 120 branches. SBI was the acquirer as its
affiliate, the State Bank of Travancore, already had an extensive network in Kerala.
The new logo of the SBI was introduced on 1 October 1971 and was designed by
Shekhar Kammat at National Institute of Design. Though it may seem that the logo
might have been greatly inspired from the Kankaria Lake, Ahmedabad. in Gujarat,
Mr. Kamat had mentioned that it was mainly the shape of the cash counters at that
time that inspired him and not the lake in later interviews. .[9]
There has been a proposal to merge all the associate banks into SBI to create a
"mega bank" and streamline the group's operations.[10]
The first step towards unification occurred on 13 August 2008 when State Bank of
Saurashtra merged with SBI, reducing the number of associate state banks from
seven to six. On 19 June 2009, the SBI board approved the absorption of State Bank
of Indore. SBI holds 98.3% in State Bank of Indore. (Individuals who held the shares
prior to its takeover by the government hold the balance of 1.7%.)[11]
4. 4
The acquisition of State Bank of Indore added 470 branches to SBI's existing
network of branches. Also, following the acquisition, SBI's total assets will
approach ₹10 trillion. The total assets of SBI and the State Bank of
Indore were ₹9,981,190 million as of March 2009. The process of merging of State
Bank of Indore was completed by April 2010, and the SBI Indore branches started
functioning as SBI branches on 26 August 2010.[12]
On 7 October 2014, Arundhati Bhattacharya became the first woman to be appointed
Chairman of the bank.[13] Mrs. Bhattacharya is given extension of 2 years of service
for merging all 5 associates of SBI with itself . With effect from April 1,2017 ; all the
branches of Asosciates Banks viz State Bank of Patiala , State Bank of Hyderabad ,
State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur , State Bank of Mysore and State Bank of Travancore
, will function as branches of STATE BANK OF INDIA ( SBI). This consolidation will
take 8-12 weeks for merging data with SBI .
OPERATIONS
SBI provides a range of banking products through its network of branches in India
and overseas, including products aimed at non-resident Indians (NRIs). SBI has 14
regional hubs and 57 Zonal Offices that are located at important cities throughout
India.
Domestic presence
SBI has 18,354 branches in India.[14] In the financial year 2012–13, its revenue
was ₹2.005 trillion (US$30 billion), out of which domestic operations contributed to
95.35% of revenue. Similarly, domestic operations contributed to 88.37% of total
profits for the same financial year.[14]
5. 5
Under the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana of financial inclusion launched by
Government in August 2014, SBI held 11,300 camps and opened over 3 million
accounts by September, which included 2.1 million accounts in rural areas and 1.57
million accounts in urban areas.[15]
International presence
As of 2014–15, the bank had 191 overseas offices spread over 36 countries having
the largest presence in foreign markets among Indian banks.[5] It has branches in
Singapore, Moscow, Colombo, Dhaka, Frankfurt, Hong
Kong, Tehran, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Male in the
Maldives, Muscat, Dubai, New York, Osaka, Sydney, and Tokyo. It has offshore
banking units in the Bahamas and Bahrain, and representative offices in Myanmar,
Bhutan and Cape Town.
SBI has 7 retail banking branches in Singapore.
The Canadian subsidiary SBI Canada Bank (previously State Bank of India
(Canada)) also dates to 1982. It has six branches, four in the Toronto area and two
in the Vancouver area.
SBI operates several foreign subsidiaries or affiliates.
In 1990, it established an offshore bank: State Bank of India (Mauritius). SBI
(Mauritius) has 15 branches in major cities/towns of the country including Rodrigues.
6. 6
SBI Sri Lanka now has three branches located in Colombo, Kandy and Jaffna. The
Jaffna branch was opened on 9 September 2013. SBI Sri Lanka, the oldest bank in
Sri Lanka, celebrated its 150th year in Sri Lanka on 1 July 2014.
In 1982, the bank established a subsidiary, State Bank of India, which now has ten
branches—nine branches in the state of California and one in Washington, D.C. The
10th branch was opened in Fremont, California on 28 March 2011. The other eight
branches in California are located in Los Angeles, Artesia, San Jose, Canoga Park,
Fresno, San Diego, Tustin and Bakersfield.
In Nigeria, SBI operates as INMB Bank. This bank began in 1981 as the Indo–
Nigerian Merchant Bank and received permission in 2002 to commence retail
banking. It now has five branches in Nigeria.
In Nepal, SBI owns 49% of SBI Nepal (State Bank in Nepal) share with Nepal
Government owing the rest and SBI NEPAL has branches throughout the country in
each and every city as banking has become the major part of daily life
for Nepalese people.
In Moscow, SBI owns 60% of Commercial Bank of India, with Canara Bank owning
the rest.
In Indonesia, it owns 76% of PT Bank Indo Monex.
The State Bank of India already has a branch in Shanghai and plans to open one
in Tianjin.[16]
In Kenya, State Bank of India owns 76% of Giro Commercial Bank, which it acquired
for US$8 million in October 2005.[17]
7. 7
In January 2016, SBI opened its first branch in Seoul, South Korea following the
continuous and significant increase in trade due to the Comprehensive Economic
Partnership Agreement signed between New Delhi and Seoul in 2009.
Associate banks
SBI acquired the control of seven associate banks in 1960. They were the seven
regional banks of former Indian princely states, all of them which were renamed with
the prefix 'State Bank'. These seven banks were State Bank of Bikaner and
Jaipur (SBBJ), State Bank of Hyderabad (SBH), State Bank of Mysore (SBM), State
Bank of Patiala (SBP), State Bank of Travancore (SBT), State Bank of
Saurashtra (SBS) and State Bank of Indore (SBI - Indore). All these banks used the
same logo as its parent bank.
The plans for making SBI a mega bank with trillion dollar business by merging
associate banks started in 2008, and in September the same year, SBS merged with
SBI. The very next year, SBI-Indore also merged. In the same year, another
subsidiary named Bharatiya Mahila Bank was formed. The negotiations for merging
of 6 associate banks (State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur, State Bank of
Hyderabad, State Bank of Mysore, State Bank of Patiala and State Bank of
Travancore and Bharatiya Mahila Bank) by acquire their businesses including assets
and liabilities with SBI started in 2016.[18][19] The merger of these six subsidiaries was
approved by Union Cabinet on 15 June 2016.[20] The State Bank of India and all its
associate banks WEre identified by the same blue keyhole logo. The State Bank of
India wordmark usually has one standard typeface, but also utilises other typefaces.
8. 8
On 15 February 2017, the Union Cabinet approved the merger of 5 associate banks
with SBI.[21] Finally, the five associate banks, along with Bharatiya Mahila Bank,
merged with SBI on 31 March 2017.
EMPLOYEES
SBI is one of the largest employers in the country having 222,033 employees as on 31 March
2014, out of which there were 45,132 female employees (20%) and 2,610 (1%) employees with
disabilities. On the same date, SBI had 42,744 Schedule Caste (19%) and 17,243 Schedule
Tribe (8%) employees. The percentage of Officers, Assistants and Sub-staff was 36%, 46% and
18% respectively on the same date Hiring drive: 1,776 Assistants and 1,394 Officers joined the
Bank in FY 2013-14, for expansion of the branch network and to mitigate staff shortage,
particularly at rural and semi-urban branches. Staff productivity: As per its Annual Report for FY
2013-14, each employee contributed net profit of INR 485,000.
MAJOR COMPETITORS
Some of the major competitors for SBI in the banking sector are large private sector banks ICICI
Bank, HDFC Bank, Axis Bank, IndusInd Bank, small regional banks and other public sector
banks Canara Bank, Bank of India and Bank of Maharashtra. However, in terms of average
market share, SBI is by far the largest player in the market.[34]
9. 9
MERGER
The 5 associate banks namely State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur, State Bank of
Hyderabad, State Bank of Mysore, State Bank of Patiala and State Bank of
Travancore, and Bharatiya Mahila Bank were merged with State Bank of India with
effect from 1 April 2017.
Non-banking subsidiaries
Apart from its five associate banks, SBI also has the following non-banking subsidiaries:
SBI Capital Markets Ltd
SBI Funds Management Pvt Ltd
SBI Factors & Commercial Services Pvt Ltd
SBI Cards & Payments Services Pvt. Ltd. (SBICPSL)
SBI DFHI Ltd
SBI Life Insurance Company Limited
SBI General Insurance
In March 2001, SBI (with 74% of the total capital), joined with BNP Paribas (with 26% of the
remaining capital), to form a joint venture life insurance company named SBI Life Insurance
company Ltd. In 2004, SBI DFHI (Discount and Finance House of India) was founded with its
headquarters in Mumbai.
Other SBI service points
As of 31 March 2016,SBI has 49,577 ATMs & SBI group (including associate banks) has 58,541
ATMs.
10. 10
Services offered by the company:
NRI Services
Personal Banking
International Banking
Agriculture / Rural
Corporate Banking
SME
Government Business
Domestic Treasury
Subsidiaries:
Non banking Subsidiaries
SBI Capital Markets Ltd
SBI Funds Management Pvt Ltd
SBI Factors & Commercial Services Pvt Ltd
SBI Cards & Payments Services Pvt. Ltd. (SBICPSL)
SBI DFHI Ltd
SBI General Insurance Company Limited
11. 11
ABOUT FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN INDIA
Financial inclusion or inclusive financing is the delivery of financial services at
affordable costs to sections of disadvantaged and low-income segments of society,
in contrast to financial exclusion where those services are not available or
affordable. An estimated 2 billion working-age adults globally have no access to the
types of formal financial services delivered by regulated financial institutions. For
example in Sub-Saharan Africa only 24% of adults have a bank account even though
Africa's formal financial sector has grown in recent years.[1] It is argued that as
banking services are in the nature of public good; the availability of banking and
payment services to the entire population without discrimination is the prime
objective of financial inclusion public policy.
THE GOALS OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION
The term "financial inclusion" has gained importance since the early 2000s, a result
of findings about financial exclusion and its direct correlation to poverty. The United
Nations defines the goals of financial inclusion as follows:
access at a reasonable cost for all households to a full range of financial
services, including savings or deposit services, payment and transfer services,
credit and insurance;
sound and safe institutions governed by clear regulation and industry
performance standards;
financial and institutional sustainability, to ensure continuity and certainty of
investment; and
Competition to ensure choice and affordability for clients.
12. 12
THE ACTIVITIES CARRIED BY FINANCIAL INCLUSION PROGRAMME INCLUDES.
1. Opening of no-frills accounts: Basic banking no-frills account is with nil or very
low minimum balance as well as charges that make such accounts accessible to
vast sections of the population. Banks have been advised to provide small
overdrafts in such accounts.
2. Relaxation on know-your-customer (KYC) norms: KYC requirements for
opening bank accounts were relaxed for small accounts in August 2005; thereby
simplifying procedures by stipulating that introduction by an account holder who
has been subjected to the full KYC drill would suffice for opening such accounts.
The banks were also permitted to take any evidence as to the identity and
address of the customer to their satisfaction. It has now been further relaxed to
include the letters issued by the Unique Identification Authority of India containing
details of name, address and Aadhaar number.
3. Engaging business correspondents (BCs): In January 2006, RBI permitted
banks to engage business facilitators (BFs) and BCs as intermediaries for
providing financial and banking services. The BC model allows banks to provide
doorstep delivery of services, especially cash in-cash out transactions, thus
addressing the last-mile problem. The list of eligible individuals and entities that
can be engaged as BCs is being widened from time to time. With effect from
September 2010, for-profit companies have also been allowed to be engaged as
BCs. India map of Financial Inclusion by MIX provides more insights on this.[13] In
13. 13
the grass-root level, the Business correspondents (BCs), with the help of Village
Panchayat (local governing body), has set up an ecosystem of Common Service
Centres (CSC). CSC is a rural electronic hub with a computer connected to the
internet that provides e-governance or business services to rural citizens.
4. Use of technology: Recognizing that technology has the potential to address the
issues of outreach and credit delivery in rural and remote areas in a viable
manner, banks have been advised to make effective use of information and
communications technology (ICT), to provide doorstep banking services through
the BC model where the accounts can be operated by even illiterate customers
by using biometrics, thus ensuring the security of transactions and enhancing
confidence in the banking system.
5. Adoption of EBT: Banks have been advised to implement EBT by leveraging
ICT-based banking through BCs to transfer social benefits electronically to the
bank account of the beneficiary and deliver government benefits to the doorstep
of the beneficiary, thus reducing dependence on cash and lowering transaction
costs.
6. GCC: With a view to helping the poor and the disadvantaged with access to easy
credit, banks have been asked to consider introduction of a general purpose
14. 14
credit card facility up to `25,000 at their rural and semi-urban branches. The
objective of the scheme is to provide hassle-free credit to banks’ customers
based on the assessment of cash flow without insistence on security, purpose or
end use of the credit. This is in the nature of revolving credit entitling the holder to
withdraw up to the limit sanctioned.
7. Simplified branch authorization: To address the issue of uneven spread of
bank branches, in December 2009, domestic scheduled commercial banks were
permitted to freely open branches in tier III to tier VI centres with a population of
less than 50,000 under general permission, subject to reporting. In the north-
eastern states and Sikkim, domestic scheduled commercial banks can now open
branches in rural, semi-urban and urban centres without the need to take
permission from RBI in each case, subject to reporting.
8. Opening of branches in unbanked rural centres: To further step up the
opening of branches in rural areas so as to improve banking penetration and
financial inclusion rapidly, the need for the opening of more bricks and mortar
branches, besides the use of BCs, was felt. Accordingly, banks have been
mandated in the April monetary policy statement to allocate at least 25% of the
total number of branches to be opened during a year to unbanked rural centres.
FINANCIAL INCLUSION ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT BY STATE
BANK of INDIA
19. 19
State Bank of India has been at the forefront of Financial Inclusion initiatives in the
country. The Bank is the pioneer in the Business Correspondent (BC) model, an
alternative for providing banking services to cater specially to the urban poor and
rural customers, a segment which is still characterized by small value transactions.
The BC model with over 57,575 Customer Service Points (CSPs) across the country
provides various products and services viz savings, term deposits, micro loans,
remittances, loan repayments, micro–pension, etc. The Bank has successfully
leveraged technology for Financial Inclusion by introducing Internet based Kiosk
Banking, Card based and Cell phone messaging channels.
The success in Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna (PMJDY) was another feather in our
cap, as we opened 3.3 crores accounts upto 31st March, 2015 and issued 2.97
crores RuPay debit cards to eligible customers, a substantial number from the
difficult areas of the country. This is also our investment in the development of the
region and in future growth of reshuffled business from this. This is a testimony of
our IT capabilities and our commitment to serve the residents across all geographies
of the country. The number of BSBD/Small accounts has also grown from 3.53
crores in March 14 to 7.29 crores in March 2015. The value of transactions handled
through Business Correspondents has increased by 73% from Rs.22,525 crores in
March, 2014 to Rs.38,973 crores in March, 2015.
Bank has actively participated in SHG–Bank Credit linkage programme since its
inception in 1992. As of 31st March, 2015, the Bank is the market leader in SHG
financing with a credit deployment of Rs.4,586 crores to 0.39 million SHGs, 91% of
which are women SHGs.
20. 20
Continued focus on the development of innovative, technology enabled channels for
delivering banking services among the rural populace has resulted in the successful
launch of several new initiatives like Aadhaar enabled Payment Systems (AEPS),
automated e–KYC, IMPS, Micro ATM rollout, SB–OD facility under PMJDY and
DBT/DBTL payments. The Bank is also the sole Sponsor Bank for the Direct Benefit
Transfer for LPG subsidy (DBTL) and has handled over 29 crores DBTL transactions
in a short period of time between 15th November, 2014 to 31st March, 2015.
Though the FI customers so acquired are of small value, with the right technology
and BC infrastructure, we anticipate that this business in future will contribute to our
bottom line by way of low cost funds, cross selling of social security schemes and
DBT handling commission. All these, in the years to come, will usher in a cashless
society /ecosystem promising great social benefit.
RECENT PROGRESS IN THE AREA OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION
State Bank of India expects its accounts under the Jan Dhan scheme to break even
next year given the healthy growth in average deposits in these accounts, while total
deposits have more than doubled to Rs. 5,125 crore as of June-end.
1. The bank nearly doubled to 7.81 crore as of end June, of which pre-Jan Dhan
accounts were 3.95 crore. In June 2014, the number of such accounts stood at
3.76 crore,
21. 21
2. 7.81 crore accounts, 56 per cent still has zero balance against 69 per cent a year
ago and 54 per cent in the March quarter. The average balance in these accounts
stood at Rs. 656, which was Rs. 606 a year ago.
3. On the two social security schemes launched along with the Jan Dhan schemes,
and the enrolment that SBI has done, the accident cover scheme saw SBI adding
131.14 lakh people, while the life cover plan added 33.15 lakh and the pension
scheme added 1.45 lakh people.
4. Deposits in these accounts stood at Rs. 4,415 crore as of the March quarter, while
the number of accounts then stood at 7.28 crore.
5. The bank said in terms of transactions, these account saw Rs. 13,911 crore in the
June quarter alone, up from Rs. 8,252 crore a year ago and Rs. 38,972 crore in the
financial year ending March 2015, which stood atRs. 22,525 crore in FY14
and Rs. 13,032 crore in FY13.
22. 22
State Bank of India
FinancialInclusion: Highlights FY 2013-14
The Bank has set up 45,487 BC Customer Service Points (CSPs) through alliances
both at National and Regional level.
The Bank is offering various technological enabled products through Business
Correspondent (BC) channel, such as, Savings Bank, flexi RD, STDR, Remittance &
SB-OD facilities.
The Bank has achieved 100% coverage in 31,729 villages during FY14. The
cumulative coverage has gone up to 52,260 villages.
11,423 BC outlets have been set up in Urban/Metro centres which cater to the
requirements of migrant labourers, vendors, etc. During FY14, 226 lac remittance
transactions for Rs. 9,983 crore were registered through BC channel.
During FY 14, Bank has opened 1.50 crore Small accounts with simplified KYC.
The transactions volume through BC Channel has grown to Rs. 22,525 cr. during
FY 14 as against Rs. 13,033 crore during FY13.
With a view to facilitate transactions through alternate channels, the Bank has
issued 24 lac FI Rupay ATM Debit Cards to FI customers.
23. 23
Linking of villages to branches through CSPs in a Hub and Spoke model has been
launched and 69,749 villages have been linked so far. A facility of depositing loan
repayments at 31,919 BC outlets has also been enabled.
Under Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) Scheme, the Bank has handled 27.41 lac
transactions amounting to Rs. 505 crore as Sponsoring Bank in addition to 7.1 lac
transactions amounting to Rs. 98.61 crore as Receiving Bank. Overall 1.36 crore
accounts linked with Aadhaar across the country.
SBI is the sole Sponsoring Bank for DBT for LPG transactions which are processed
centrally for all the three Oil Marketing Companies. Over 8.98 crore transactions
amounting Rs 5,393 crore processed.
4.46 lac SHGs credit linked with credit deployment of Rs. 5,134 crore. Our market
share in SHGs is 22%.
24. 24
QUESTIONS
1. What are future challenges present for state bank of India?
2. In what methodology can bank enhance its financial inclusion
programmes?