_OOP with JAVA Solution Manual (1).pdf

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING WITH JAVA LABORATORY MANUAL
[21CSL35] (III SEMESTER)
By:
Dr. G T Raju
Principal
SJCIT, Chickballapur
SJC INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHICKBALLAPUR- 562101
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & INFORMATION SCIENCE ENGINEERING
(NEP) For the Year: 2022-23
|| Jai Sri Gurudev ||
Adichunchanagiri Shikshana Trust(R.)
SJC INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
VTU Affiliated, AICTE Approved, Accredited by NAAC & NBA
(CSE, ISE, ECE, ME, CV, AE) Gold rated by QS I-Gauge

INSTITUTION VISION AND MISSION
VISION
Preparing Competent Engineering and Management Professionals to Serve the
Society.
MISSION
M1: Providing Students with a Sound Knowledge in Fundamentals of their
branch of Study.
M2: Promoting Excellence in Teaching, Training, Research and Consultancy.
M3: Exposing Students to Emerging Frontiers in various domains enabling
Continuous Learning.
M4: Developing Entrepreneurial acumen to venture into Innovative areas.
M5: Imparting Value based Professional Education with a sense of Social
Responsibility.

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING
VISION
Building Proficient Computer Science Engineers having Core Values to
Solve Real Life Problems.
MISSION
M1: Strengthening Students with Fundamental and Applied aspects in Design and
Implementation of Computational Systems.
M2: Empowering the Students with Sound Knowledge in AI & ML, Data
Analytics, Block Chain, AR and VR systems to Solve Multidisciplinary Problem.
M3: Developing Analytical Skills to meet the Complex, Societal and Industrial
needs.
M4: Promoting Research blend of mind among Students enabling Continuous
Learning.
M5: Encouraging Entrepreneurship including Ethical Values and Team building
abilities.
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE ENGINEERING
VISION
Educating Students to Engineer Information Science and Technology for
Advancing the Knowledge as to Best Serve the Real World.
MISSION
M1: Focusing on Fundamentals and Applied aspects in both Information Science
Theory and Programming practices.
M2: Training comprehensively and encouraging R&D culture in trending areas of
Information Technology.
M3: Collaborating with premier Institutes and Industries to nurture Innovation and
learning, in cutting edge Information Technology.
M4: Preparing the students who are much Sought-after, Productive and Well-
respected for their work culture having Lifelong Learning practice.
M5: Promoting ethical and moral values among the students so as to enable them
emerge as responsible professionals.

OOP PROGRAMMING WITH JAVA LABORATORY [21CSL35]
SJCIT, Chickballapur 1 2022-23
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
WITH JAVA LABORATORY
Course Code 21CSL35 CIE Marks 50
Teaching Hours/Week (L: T:P: S) 0:0:2:0 SEE Marks 50
Total Hours of Pedagogy 24 Total Marks 100
Credits 1 Exam Hours 03
Course Objectives:
CLO 1. Demonstrate the use of Eclipse/NetBeans IDE to create Java Applications.
CLO 2. Using java programming to develop programs for solving real-world problems.
CLO 3. Reinforce the understanding of basic object-oriented programming concepts.
CLO 4. Understand and apply the concepts of classes, packages, interfaces, array list,
exception handling and file processing
CLO 5. Develop applications using generic programming and event handling
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO 1. Use Eclipse/NetBeans IDE to design, develop, debug Java Projects.
CO 2. Analyze the necessity for Object Oriented Programming paradigm over structured
programming
CO 3. Develop and implement Java programs for simple applications that make use of classes,
packages and interfaces.
CO 3. Develop and implement Java programs with array list, exception handling and multithreading.
CO 4. Apply the concepts of multiprogramming, event handling, abstraction to develop robust
programs.
CO 6. Develop user friendly applications using File I/O and GUI concepts.
Recommended System/Software Requirements:
 Intel based desktop PC with minimum of 2.6GHZ or faster processor with at
least 256 MB RAM and 40GB free disk space.
 Operating system: Windows or Linux
 Software: As of September 2022, Java 19 is the latest released Java version. In
March 2023, Java 20 will follow. The last long-term support version (LTS) of
Java is Java 17, released in September 2021. Install JDK 17 or above
 IDE: Eclipse or Net beam.
Download and Install Java Development Kit (JDK) on Windows
Setting up a Suitable Development Environment is necessary before one can begin creating any
Applications. It makes it easier for developers to use the tools required to create any Application
and ensures that all Operations or Processes run smoothly. JDK must be installed in order to
create Application Source Files using the Java Programming Language. The system will execute
the code using a set of Libraries and Compilers.
The JDK can be installed on the following Platforms:
 Microsoft Windows
 Linux
 macOS
Installation of JDK on Microsoft Windows:
Step 1: Download and Install Oracle Java Development Kit (JDK)
The very first step is to download the Oracle Java Development Kit (JDK) from the Official Oracle
Website. https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads/#jdk18-windows

You need to identify your system specifications to choose the Product/file description. The website will
contain the latest version for your corresponding system. For Windows, we’ll be downloading the
latest x64 Installer of Java SE Development Kit 18. After the download is complete, proceed to install
the JDK by following the bootstrapped steps.
Step 2: Configure Environment Variables
After the installation is complete, we have to configure environment variables to notify the system
about the directory in which JDK files are located. Proceed to C:Program FilesJavajdk-
{YOUR_JDK_VERSION}bin (replace {-} with your JDK version)

To set the Environment Variables, you need to search Environment Variables in the Task Bar and click
on “Edit the system environment variables”.
Under the Advanced section, Click on “Environment Variables”.

Under System variables, select the “Path” variable and click on “Edit”. Click on “New” then paste the
Path Address i.e. C:Program FilesJavajdk-{YOUR_JDK_VERSION}bin. Click on “OK”.
Now, in the Environment Variables dialogue, under System variables, click on “New” and then
under Variable name: JAVA_HOME and Variable value: paste address i.e. C:Program Files Java
jdk-{YOUR_JDK_VERSION}. Click on OK => OK => OK.

Step 3: Check the Java Version
Open Command Prompt and enter the following commands
java -version
javac -version
Introduction to OOP:
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a computer science term was originally coined by Xerox PARC in
1960’s to designate a computer application that describes the methodology of using objects as the
foundation for computation. By the 1980’s, OOP rose to prominence as the programming language of
choice, exemplified by the success of C++. Currently, OOP such as Java, J2EE, C++,C#, Visual Basic.NET,
Python and java Script are popular OOP programming languages that any career-oriented Software
Engineer or developer should be familiar with. OOP is widely accepted as being far more flexible than
other computer programming languages. OOP use three basic concepts as the fundamentals for the
Abstraction, Polymorphism, Event Handling and Encapsulation are also significant concepts within
objectoriented programming languages that are explained in online tutorial describing the functionality
of each concept in detail. The java platform is undoubtedly fast moving and comprehensive. Its many
application programming interfaces (APIs) provide a wealth of functionality for all aspects of application
and system-level programming. Real-world developers never use one or two APIs to solve a problem, but
bring together key functionality spanning a number of APIs, Knowing which APIs you need, and how the
APIs work together to create the best solution can be a daunting task.

1. Aim: Introduce the java fundamentals, data types, operators in java
Program: Write a java program that prints all real solutions to the quadratic equationax2+bx+c=0. Read in
a, b, c and use the quadratic formula.
The standard form of a quadratic equation is ax2+bx+c=0. It is also known as the second-degree equation.
In the equation ax2+bx+c=0, a, b, and c are unknown values and a cannot be 0. x is an unknown variable.
The formula to find the roots of the quadratic equation is given by:
A quadratic equation has two roots and the roots depend on the discriminant. In the above formula,
(√b2-4ac) is called discriminant (d). The value of d may be positive, negative, or zero.
If d is positive (d>0), the root will be:
If the value of d is positive, both roots are real and different. It means there are two real solutions.
If d is zero (d=0), the root will be:
If the value of d is zero, both roots are real and the same. It means we get one real solution.
If d is negative (d<0), the root will be:
If the value of d is negative, both roots are distinct and imaginary or complex. It means that there are two
complex solutions.

Algorithm to Find the Roots of the Quadratic Equation
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read a, b, c
Step 3: Compute d<-(b*b)-(4*a*c)
Step 4: Compute r<- b/2*a
Step 5: if d>0 go to Step 6, else go to Step 8
Step 6: r1=r+(sqrt(d)/2*a) and r2=r-(sqrt(d)/2*a)
Step 7: prints roots are real and distinct, first root r1 second root r2
Step 8: if d=0 go to Step 9, else go to Step 10
Step 9: print roots are real and equal, -r
Step 10: d=-d
Step 11: im=sqrt(d)/2*a
Step 12: print roots are imaginary, first root is r+i im, and the second root is r-i im
Step 13: Stop
Pseudocode:
Start
Read the values of a, b, c
Compute d = b2 – 4ac
If d > 0
calculate root1 = {-b + √(b2 – 4ac)}/2a
calculate root2 = {-b – √(b2 – 4ac)}/2a
else If d = 0
calculate root1 = root2 = (-b/2a)
else
calculate root1 = {-b + i√-(b2 – 4ac)}/2a
calculate root2 = {-b + i√-(b2 – 4ac)}/2a
print root1 and root2
End
Let's create a Java program and implement the above steps.
// Java program to find roots of a quadratic equation
import static java.lang.Math.*;
import java.io.*;
class Quadratic {
// Prints roots of quadratic equation ax * 2 + bx + x
static void findRoots(int a, int b, int c)
{
// If a is 0, then equation is not quadratic, but linear
if (a == 0) {
System.out.println("Invalid");
return;
}
int d = b * b - 4 * a * c;
double sqrt_val = sqrt(abs(d));

if (d > 0) {
System.out.println(
"Roots are real and different n");
System.out.println(
(double)(-b + sqrt_val) / (2 * a) + "n"
+ (double)(-b - sqrt_val) / (2 * a));
}
else if (d == 0) {
System.out.println(
"Roots are real and same n");
System.out.println(-(double)b / (2 * a) + "n"
+ -(double)b / (2 * a));
}
else // d < 0
{
System.out.println("Roots are complex n");
System.out.println(-(double)b / (2 * a) + " + i"
+ sqrt_val / (2 * a) + "n"
+ -(double)b / (2 * a) + " - i"
+ sqrt_val / (2 * a));
}
}
// Driver code
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = 1, b = -7, c = 12;
// Function call
findRoots(a, b, c);
}
}

QuadraticEquationExample1.java
import java.util.Scanner;
public class QuadraticEquationExample1
{
public static void main(String[] Strings)
{
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the value of a: ");
double a = input.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Enter the value of b: ");
double b = input.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Enter the value of c: ");
double c = input.nextDouble();
double d = b * b - 4.0 * a * c;
if (d > 0.0)
{
System.out.println("The roots of the equation are real and different. n");
double r1 = (-b + Math.pow(d, 0.5)) / (2.0 * a);
double r2 = (-b - Math.pow(d, 0.5)) / (2.0 * a);
System.out.println("The roots are " + r1 + " and " + r2);
}
else if (d == 0.0)
{
System.out.println("The roots of the equation are real and same. n");
double r1 = -b / (2.0 * a);
System.out.println("The root is " + r1);
}
else
{
System.out.println("Roots are not real.");
System.out.println(-(double)b / (2 * a) + " + i"
+ sqrt_val / (2 * a) + "n" + -(double)b / (2 * a) + " - i"
+ sqrt_val / (2 * a));
}
}
}

Using Function
QuadraticEquationExample2.java
public class QuadraticEquationExample2
{
//defining a static method that finds the roots of the quadratic equation
static void calculateRoots(int a, int b, int c)
{
//comparing the value of a with 0, if a is 0 then the equation is not quadratic
if (a == 0)
{
System.out.println("The value of a cannot be 0."); return;
}
//calculating discriminant (d)
int d = b * b - 4 * a * c;
double sqrtval = sqrt(abs(d));
if (d > 0)
{
System.out.println("The roots of the equation are real and different. n");
System.out.println((double)(-b + sqrtval) / (2 * a) + "n"+ (double)(-b - sqrtval) / (2 *
a));
}
else if (d == 0)
{
System.out.println("The roots of the equation are real and same. n");
System.out.println(-(double)b / (2 * a) + "n"+ -(double)b / (2 * a));
}
// executes if d < 0
else
{
System.out.println("The roots of the equation are complex and different. n");
System.out.println(-(double)b / (2 * a) + " + i"+ sqrtval + "n"+ -(double)b / (2 * a)+ " - i"
+ sqrtval);
}
}
//main method
{
//Output 1: int a = 1, b = 5, c = 2;
//calling function
calculateRoots(a, b, c);
//Output 2: int a=1, b=1, c=1
//Output 3: int a=1, b=-2, c=1 } }

Alternative Solution 2: Main.java
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// value a, b, and c
double a = 2.3, b = 4, c = 5.6;
double root1, root2;
// calculate the determinant (b2 - 4ac)
double determinant = b * b - 4 * a * c;
// check if determinant is greater than 0
if (determinant > 0) {
// two real and distinct roots
root1 = (-b + Math.sqrt(determinant)) / (2 * a);
root2 = (-b - Math.sqrt(determinant)) / (2 * a);
System.out.println ("root1 = %.2f and root2 = %.2f", root1, root2);
}
// check if determinant is equal to 0
else if (determinant == 0) {
// two real and equal roots
// determinant is equal to 0
// so -b + 0 == -b
root1 = root2 = -b / (2 * a);
System.out.println ("root1 = root2 = %.2f;", root1);
}
// if determinant is less than zero
else {
// roots are complex number and distinct
double real = -b / (2 * a);
double imaginary = Math.sqrt(-determinant) / (2 * a);
System.out.println ("root1 = %.2f+%.2fi", real, imaginary);
System.out.println ("nroot2 = %.2f-%.2fi", real, imaginary);
}
}
}

2. Aim: Demonstrating creation of java classes, objects, constructors, declaration and initialization of
variables.
Create a Java class called Student with the following details as variables within it.
(i) USN
(ii) Name
(iii) Branch
(iv) Phone
Write a Java program to create n Student objects and print the USN, Name, Branch, and
Phone of these objects with suitable headings.
Solution:
The aim of this program is to create a class and make objects of that class to print the details of a student.
Implementation:
• Create a class named “student”.
• Declare variables within it containing the details like name, USN, Branch, Phone no
• Create a constructor to initialize these variables.
• Create a function that prints these details like usn, name, branch and phone no.
• Create multiple objects of “student” class that calls the function to print the details.
Algorithm:
//Input: Values for USN, name, branch and phone no
//Output: Displaying the details of n student objects
//Steps:
1) class “student” is created
2) Declare variables USN, Name, Branch, and Phone no.
3) a constructor of Student class is created to initialize these variables.
4) multiple objects of “student” class is created and print the details contained student class
Program:
Main.java
class Student {
private String usn, name, branch, ph;
public void accept() {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter Usnn");
usn = sc.next();
System.out.println("Enter Namen");
name = sc.next();
System.out.println("Enter Branchn");
branch = sc.next();

System.out.println("Enter Phonen");
ph = sc.next();
}
public void display() {
System.out.println("Student details");
System.out.println("Usn: " + usn);
System.out.println("Name: " + name);
System.out.println("Branch: " + branch);
System.out.println("Phone: " + ph);
System.out.println();
}
}
class Main {
System.out.println("Enter value for n");
int n = sc.nextInt();
Student[] ob1 = new Student[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
ob1[i] = new Student();
ob1[i].accept();
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
ob1[i].display();
}
}
}

Alternative Solution1:
public class student
{
String USN;
String Name;
String branch;
int phone;
void insertRecord(String reg, String name, String brnch, int ph)
{
USN=reg;
Name=name;
branch=brnch;
phone=ph;
}
void displayRecord()
{
System.out.println(USN+" "+Name+" "+branch+" "+phone);
}
{
student s[]=new student [100];
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("enter the number of students");
int n=sc.nextInt();
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
s[i]=new student();
for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
{ System.out.println("enter the usn,name,branch,phone")
String USN=sc.next();
String Name=sc.next();
String branch=sc.next();
int phone=sc.nextInt();
s[j].insertRecord(USN,Name,branch,phone);
}
for( int m=0;m<n;m++)
{
s[m].displayRecord();
}
}
}

OUTPUT
enter the number of students
2
enter the usn,name,branch,phone
1
monika
cse
9341155665
enter the usn,name,branch,phone
2
gowda
cse
9785443355
students details are
1 monika cse 9341155665
2 gowda cse 9785443355
import java.io.*;
class Student
{
String usn, name, programme;
long ph;
Student()
{
usn = name = programme = "No value";
ph = 0;
}
void read_data(String u, String n, String p, long m)
{
usn = u;
name = n;
programme = p;
ph =m;
}
void display()
{
System.out.println(usn + "t" + name + "t" + programme + "tt" + ph);
}
}
class Record
{
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception
{
String u, n, p;
long m;
int no;
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
System.out.print("Enter number of records:");

no = Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
Student[] s = new Student[no];
for(int i=0; i<s.length;i++)
{
System.out.println("nEnter Student " + (i + 1) + " record");
s[i] = new Student();
System.out.print("Enter student USN: ");
u = br.readLine();
System.out.print("Enter student Name: ");
n = br.readLine();
System.out.print("Enter student Programme: ");
p = br.readLine();
System.out.print("Enter student Phone number: ");
m = Long.parseLong(br.readLine());
s[i].read_data(u, n, p, m);
}
System.out.println("USN t NAME t PROGRAMME t PHONE NO");
for(int i=0; i<s.length;i++)
{
s[i].display();
}
}
}
public class Room {
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
int n,i;
Student[] s=new Student[100];
System.out.println("Enter the Number of Objects");
n=scan.nextInt();
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
s[i]=new Student();
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
System.out.println("Enter the Details in Order - Name , Usn , Branch , Phone
No");
String name = scan.next();
String usn = scan.next();
String branch = scan.next();
String phno = scan.next();
s[i].assignvalue(name, usn, branch, phno);
}
System.out.println("Students Details are as Follow:");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
s[i].display();
}
scan.close();
}
}

class Student
{
String name,usn,branch,phno;
void assignvalue(String n,String u,String b,String p)
{
name=n;
usn=u;
branch=b;
phno=p;
}
void display()
{
System.out.println("Name :"+name+" USN :"+usn+" Branch :"+branch+" Phone Number :"+phno);
}
}

3. Aim: Discuss the various Decision-making statements, loop constructs in java
A. Write a program to check prime number
B. Write a program for Arithmetic calculator using switch case menu
Solution:
Any natural number greater than 1, is only divisible by 1, and the number itself is called a prime number.
In other words, prime numbers have just two factors i.e. 1 and number itself.
Example : 2,3,5,7,11,13...... All the natural numbers other than 1 and prime numbers are called composite
numbers.
Solution A:
public class PrimeCheck
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int n = s.nextInt();
if (isPrime(n))
{
System.out.println(n + " is a prime number.");
}
else
{
System.out.println(n + " is not a prime number.");
}
}
public static boolean isPrime(int n)
{
if (n <= 1)
{
return false;
}
for (int i = 2; i < Math.sqrt(n); i++)
{
if (n % i == 0)
{
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
}

Solution B:
class Main {
{
char operator;
Double number1, number2, result;
// create an object of Scanner class
// ask users to enter operator
System.out.println("Choose an operator: +, -, *, or /");
operator = input.next().charAt(0);
// ask users to enter numbers
System.out.println("Enter first number");
number1 = input.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Enter second number");
number2 = input.nextDouble();
switch (operator)
{
// performs addition between numbers
case '+':
result = number1 + number2;
System.out.println(number1 + " + " + number2 + " = " + result);
break;
// performs subtraction between numbers
case '-':
result = number1 - number2;
System.out.println(number1 + " - " + number2 + " = " + result);
break;
// performs multiplication between numbers
case '*':
result = number1 * number2;
System.out.println(number1 + " * " + number2 + " = " + result);
break;
// performs division between numbers
case '/':
result = number1 / number2;
System.out.println(number1 + " / " + number2 + " = " + result);
break;
default:
System.out.println("Invalid operator!");
break;
}
input.close();
}
}

Solution B: Alternate-1
public class OperatorSwitch {
char operator;
Double my_input_1, my_input_2, my_result;
System.out.println("Required packages have been imported");
Scanner my_scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("A reader object has been defined ");
System.out.println("Enter the first number");
my_input_1 = my_scanner.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Enter the second number");
my_input_2 = my_scanner.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Enter any of the following operator: +, -, *, /, %");
operator = my_scanner.next().charAt(0);
switch (operator) {
case '+':
my_result = my_input_1 + my_input_2;
System.out.println(my_input_1 + " + " + my_input_2 + " = " + my_result);
break;
case '-':
my_result = my_input_1 - my_input_2;
System.out.println(my_input_1 + " - " + my_input_2 + " = " + my_result);
break;
case '*':
my_result = my_input_1 * my_input_2;
System.out.println(my_input_1 + " * " + my_input_2 + " = " + my_result);
break;
case '/':
my_result = my_input_1 / my_input_2;
System.out.println(my_input_1 + " / " + my_input_2 + " = " + my_result);
break;
case '%':
my_result = my_input_1 % my_input_2;
System.out.println(my_input_1 + " % " + my_input_2 + " = " + my_result);
break;
default:
System.out.println("The operator you have selected is invalid");
break;
}
}
}

Solution B: Alternate-2
public class Calculator {
{
double a,b,result; // Declaring a variables
System.out.print("Enter first number value:");
a = s.nextDouble(); // getting values from user...
System.out.print("Enter second number value:");
b = s.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Enter any operator (+, -, *, /): ");
char opt = s.next().charAt(0); // taking operator
switch(opt) // using switch case to create Caluclator
{
case '+':
result = a + b;
break; // condition for addition
case '-':
result =a - b;
break; // condition for subtraction
case '*':
result = a * b;
break; // condition for Multiplicatin
case '/':
result = a / b;
break; // condition for Divison
default:
System.out.printf("You have entered wrong operator or value");
return;
}
System.out.println(a+" "+opt+" "+b+": "+result);
}
}

4. Aim: Demonstrate the core object-oriented concept of Inheritance, polymorphism
Design a super class called Staff with details as StaffId, Name, Phone, Salary. Extend this class by
writing three subclasses namely Teaching (domain, publications), Technical (skills), and Contract
(period). Write a Java program to read and display at least 3 staff objects of all three categories.
Solution:
class Staff {
private String staffId;
private String name;
private int phone;
private float salary;
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter Staff Id");
staffId = scanner.next();
System.out.println("Enter Name");
name = scanner.next();
System.out.println("Enter Phone");
phone = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter Salary");
salary = scanner.nextFloat();
}
System.out.println("Staff Id: " + staffId);
System.out.println("Name: " + name);
System.out.println("Phone: " + phone);
System.out.println("Salary: " + salary);
}
}
class Teaching extends Staff {
private String domain;
private String[] publications;
super.accept();
System.out.println("Enter Domain");
domain = scanner.next();
System.out.println("Enter Number of Publications");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
publications = new String[n];
System.out.println("Enter Publications");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
publications[i] = scanner.next();
}
}
super.display();
System.out.println("Domain: " + domain);

System.out.println("Publications:");
for (int i = 0; i < publications.length; i++) {
System.out.println(publications[i]);
}
}
}
class Technical extends Staff {
private String[] skills;
super.accept();
System.out.println("Enter Number of Skills");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
skills = new String[n];
System.out.println("Enter Skills");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
skills[i] = scanner.next();
}
}
super.display();
System.out.println("Skills:");
for (int i = 0; i < skills.length; i++) {
System.out.println(skills[i]);
}
}
}
class Contract extends Staff {
private int period;
super.accept();
System.out.println("Enter Period");
period = scanner.nextInt();
}
super.display();
System.out.println("Period: " + period);
}
}
class Main {
Teaching teaching = new Teaching();
Technical technical = new Technical();
Contract contract = new Contract();
System.out.println("Enter Details for Teaching Staff Member");
teaching.accept();
System.out.println("Enter Details for Technical Staff Member");

technical.accept();
System.out.println("Enter Details for Contract Staff Member");
contract.accept();
System.out.println("Details for Teaching Staff Member are");
teaching.display();
System.out.println("Details for Technical Staff Member are");
technical.display();
System.out.println("Details for Contract Staff Member are");
contract.display();
}
}
Solution: Alternate-1
class Staff
{
private int StaffId;
private String Name;
private String Phone;
private long Salary;
public Staff(int staffId,String name,String phone,long salary)
{
StaffId = staffId;
Name = name;
Phone = phone;
Salary = salary;
}
public void Display()
{
System.out.print("t"+StaffId+"t"+Name+"tt"+Phone+"tt"+Salary);
}
}
class Teaching extends Staff
{
private String Domain;
private int Publications;
public Teaching(int staffId, String name, String phone,long salary, String domain, int
publications)
{
super(staffId, name, phone, salary);
Domain = domain;
Publications = publications;
}
{
super.Display();
System.out.print("tt"+Domain+"tt"+Publications+"tt"+"--"+"t"+"--");
}
}
class Technical extends Staff
{
private String Skills;

public Technical(int staffId, String name, String phone,long salary, String skills)
{
Skills = skills;
}
{
super.Display();
System.out.print("tt--"+"tt"+"--"+"t"+Skills+"t"+"--");
}
}
class Contract extends Staff
{
private int Period;
public Contract(int staffId, String name, String phone, long salary, int period)
{
this.Period = period;
}
{
super.Display();
System.out.print("tt--"+"tt"+"--"+"tt"+"--"+"t"+Period);
}
}
public class Polyinherit4
{
{
Staff staff[]=new Staff[3];
staff[0]=new Teaching(0001,"Raju","271173",90000,"CSE",3);
staff[1]=new Technical(0002,"Anu","271172",20000,"Server Admin");
staff[2]=new Contract(0003,"Ganavi","271174",9000,3);
System.out.println("StaffIDtNamettPhonettSalaryttDomaintPublicationtSkills
ttPeriod");
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
staff[i].Display();
System.out.println();
}
}
}

5. Aim: Introduce concepts of method overloading, constructor overloading, overriding.
Program: Write a java program demonstrating Method overloading and Constructor overloading.
The constructor overloading can be defined as the concept of having more than one constructor
with different parameters so that every constructor can perform a different task. If a class has
multiple methods having same name but different in parameters, it is known as Method
Overloading. Method overloading increases the readability of the program. There are two ways to
overload the method in java
1. By changing number of arguments
2. By changing the data type
// Constructor overloading
public class Student {
//instance variables of the class
int id;
String name;
Student(){
System.out.println("this a default constructor");
}
Student(int i, String n){
id = i;
name = n;
}
//object creation
Student s = new Student();
System.out.println("nDefault Constructor values: n");
System.out.println("Student Id : "+s.id + "nStudent Name : "+s.name);
System.out.println("nParameterized Constructor values: n");
Student student = new Student(10, "David");
System.out.println("Student Id : "+student.id + "nStudent Name :
"+student.name);
}
}
// Method Overloading: changing no. of arguments
class Adder{
static int add(int a,int b){return a+b;}
static int add(int a,int b,int c){return a+b+c;}
}
class TestOverloading1{
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println(Adder.add(11,11));
System.out.println(Adder.add(11,11,11));
}}
class MethodOverloading {
private static void display(int a){
System.out.println("Arguments: " + a);
}

private static void display(int a, int b){
System.out.println("Arguments: " + a + " and " + b);
}
display(1);
display(1, 4);
}
}
//Method Overloading: changing data type of arguments
class Adder{
static int add(int a, int b){return a+b;}
static double add(double a, double b){return a+b;}
}
class TestOverloading2{
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println(Adder.add(11,11));
System.out.println(Adder.add(12.3,12.6));
}}
class MethodOverloading {
// this method accepts int
private static void display(int a){
System.out.println("Got Integer data.");
}
// this method accepts String object
private static void display(String a){
System.out.println("Got String object.");
}
display(1);
display("Hello");
}
}

6. Aim: Introduce the concept of Abstraction, packages.
Program: Develop a java application to implement currency converter (Dollar to INR, EURO
to INR, Yen to INR and vice versa), distance converter (meter to KM, miles to KM and viceversa), time
converter (hours to minutes, seconds and vice versa) using packages.
Procedure:
1. Create a Package currencyconversion and place the class currency under the package
2. Create the methods to perform currency conversion from dollar to rupee, rupee to dollar, euro to
rupee, rupee to euro, yen to rupee and rupee to yen.
3. Create the package distanceconverion and create the class distance within the package
4. Create the methods to convert from meter to km, km to meter, miles to km,km to miles
5. Create the package timeconversion and create the class timer. Create the methods to convert from
hours to minutes ,hours to seconds , minutes to hours and seconds to hours
6. Create a class and import the packages currencyconversion, distanceconversion and time
conversion. Create the objects for the class currency,distance and timer.
7. Get the choice from the user and invoke the methods to perform the corresponding conversion and
display the value.
currencyconversion.java
package currencyconversion;
import java.util.*;
public class currency
{
double inr,usd;
double euro,yen;
Scanner in=new Scanner(System.in);
public void dollartorupee()
{
System.out.println("Enter dollars to convert into Rupees:");
usd=in.nextInt();
inr=usd*67;
System.out.println("Dollar ="+usd+"equal to INR="+inr);
}
public void rupeetodollar()
{
System.out.println("Enter Rupee to convert into Dollars:");
inr=in.nextInt();
usd=inr/67;
System.out.println("Rupee ="+inr+"equal to Dollars="+usd);
}
public void eurotorupee()
{
System.out.println("Enter euro to convert into Rupees:");
euro=in.nextInt();
inr=euro*79.50;
System.out.println("Euro ="+euro +"equal to INR="+inr);
}
public void rupeetoeuro()
{
System.out.println("Enter Rupees to convert into Euro:");
inr=in.nextInt();
euro=(inr/79.50);
System.out.println("Rupee ="+inr +"equal to Euro="+euro);
}
public void yentorupee()
{

System.out.println("Enter yen to convert into Rupees:");
yen=in.nextInt();
inr=yen*0.61;
System.out.println("YEN="+yen +"equal to INR="+inr);
}
public void rupeetoyen()
{
System.out.println("Enter Rupees to convert into Yen:");
inr=in.nextInt();
yen=(inr/0.61);
System.out.println("INR="+inr +"equal to YEN"+yen);
}
}
distance.java
package distanceconversion;
import java.util.*;
public class distance
{
double km,m,miles;
public void kmtom()
{
System.out.print("Enter in km ");
km=sc.nextDouble();
m=(km*1000);
System.out.println(km+"km" +"equal to"+m+"metres");
}
public void mtokm()
{
System.out.print("Enter in meter ");
m=sc.nextDouble();
km=(m/1000);
System.out.println(m+"m" +"equal to"+km+"kilometres");
}
public void milestokm()
{
System.out.print("Enter in miles");
miles=sc.nextDouble();
km=(miles*1.60934);
System.out.println(miles+"miles" +"equal to"+km+"kilometres");
}
public void kmtomiles()
{
System.out.print("Enter in km");
km=sc.nextDouble();
miles=(km*0.621371);
System.out.println(km+"km" +"equal to"+miles+"miles");
}
}

timer.java
package timeconversion;
import java.util.*;
public class timer
{
int hours,seconds,minutes;
int input;
public void secondstohours()
{
System.out.print("Enter the number of seconds: ");
input = sc.nextInt();
hours = input / 3600;
minutes = (input % 3600) / 60;
seconds = (input % 3600) % 60;
System.out.println("Hours: " + hours);
System.out.println("Minutes: " + minutes);
System.out.println("Seconds: " + seconds);
}
public void minutestohours()
{
System.out.print("Enter the number of minutes: ");
minutes=sc.nextInt();
hours=minutes/60;
minutes=minutes%60;
System.out.println("Hours: " + hours);
}
public void hourstominutes()
{
System.out.println("enter the no of hours");
hours=sc.nextInt();
minutes=(hours*60);
}
public void hourstoseconds()
{
System.out.println("enter the no of hours");
hours=sc.nextInt();
seconds=(hours*3600);
System.out.println("Minutes: " + seconds);
}
}
converter.java
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
import currencyconversion.*;
import distanceconversion.*;
import timeconversion.*;
class converter
{
{
Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);
int choice,ch;
currency c=new currency();

distance d=new distance();
timer t=new timer();
do
{
System.out.println("1.dollar to rupee ");
System.out.println("2.rupee to dollar ");
System.out.println("3.Euro to rupee ");
System.out.println("4..rupee to Euro ");
System.out.println("5.Yen to rupee ");
System.out.println("6.Rupee to Yen ");
System.out.println("7.Meter to kilometer ");
System.out.println("8.kilometer to meter ");
System.out.println("9.Miles to kilometer ");
System.out.println("10.kilometer to miles");
System.out.println("11.Hours to Minutes");
System.out.println("12.Hours to Seconds");
System.out.println("13.Seconds to Hours");
System.out.println("14.Minutes to Hours");
System.out.println("Enter ur choice");
choice=s.nextInt();
switch(choice)
{
case 1:
{
c.dollartorupee();
break;
}
case 2:
{
c.rupeetodollar();
break;
}
case 3:
{
c.eurotorupee();
break;
}
case 4:
{
c.rupeetoeuro();
break;
}
case 5:
{c.yentorupee();
break;}
case 6 :
{
c.rupeetoyen();
break;
}
case 7 :
{
d.mtokm();
break;
}
case 8 :
{
d.kmtom();
break;

}
case 9 :
{
d.milestokm();
break;
}
case 10 :
{
d.kmtomiles();
break;
}
case 11 :
{
t.hourstominutes();
break;
}
case 12 :
{
t.hourstoseconds();
break;
}
case 13 :
{
t.secondstohours();
break;
}
case 14 :
{
t.minutestohours();
break;
}}
System.out.println("Enter 0 to quit and 1 to continue ");
ch=s.nextInt();
}while(ch==1);
}
}

7. Aim: Introduction to abstract classes, abstract methods, and Interface in java
Program: Write a program to generate the resume. Create 2 Java classes Teacher (data: personal
information, qualification, experience, achievements) and Student (data: personal information,
result, discipline) which implements the java interface Resume with the method biodata().
// Java program to demonstrate Interfaces
import java.io.*;
interface Resume {
// abstract method
void biodata(String N, String Q, double E, String A);
}
class Teacher implements Resume{
String Name;
String Qual;
double Exp;
String Ach;
// to build resume
public void biodata(String N, String Q, double E, String A)
{
Name = N;
Qual = Q;
Exp = E;
Ach = A;
}
public void printResume() {
System.out.println("Name: " + Name + " Qualification: "+ Qual + " Experience: " + Exp + "
Achievements " + Ach);
}
}
class Student implements Resume{
String Name;
String Std;
double Result;
String Branch;
// to build resume
public void biodata(String N, String C, double R, String B)
{
Name = N;
Std = C;
Result = R;
Branch = B;
}
public void printResume() {
System.out.println("Name: " + Name + " Class:" + Std + "Result " + Result + " Discipline " +
Branch);
}
}
class GTR7 {

public static void main (String[] args) {
// creating an instance of Teacher
Teacher T = new Teacher();
T.biodata("Raju", "PhD",28.6,"Best Teacher");
System.out.println("Teacher Biodata :");
T.printResume();
// creating instance of the Student.
Student S = new Student();
S.biodata("Anu","First Year", 96.6,"CSE");
System.out.println("Student Biodata :");
S.printResume();
}
}

8. Aim: Demonstrate creation of threads using Thread class and Runnable interface, multi-
threaded programming.
Write a Java program that implements a multi-thread application that has three threads. First
thread generates a random integer for every 1 second; second thread computes the square of the
number and prints; third thread will print the value of cube of the number.
import java.util.Random;
class SquareThread implements Runnable {
int x;
SquareThread(int x) {
this.x = x;
}
public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread Name:Square Thread and Square of " + x + " is: "
+ x * x);
}
}
class CubeThread implements Runnable {
int x;
CubeThread(int x) {
this.x = x;
}
public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread Name:Cube Thread and Cube of " + x + " is: "
+ x * x * x);
}
}
class RandomThread implements Runnable {
Random r;
Thread t2, t3;
public void run() {
int num;
r = new Random();
try {
while (true) {
num = r.nextInt(100);
System.out.println("Main Thread and Generated Number is " + num);
t2 = new Thread(new SquareThread(num));
t2.start();
t3 = new Thread(new CubeThread(num));
t3.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);

System.out.println("---------------------");
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
System.out.println("Interrupted Exception");
}
}
}
public class MainThread {
RandomThread thread_obj = new RandomThread();
Thread t1 = new Thread(thread_obj);
t1.start();
}
}
Alternate Solution:
class RandomNumberThread extends Thread {
public void run() {
Random random = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
int randomInteger = random.nextInt(100);
System.out.println("Random Integer generated : " + randomInteger);
if((randomInteger%2) == 0) {
SquareThread sThread = new SquareThread(randomInteger);
sThread.start();
}
else {
CubeThread cThread = new CubeThread(randomInteger);
cThread.start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
catch (InterruptedException ex) {
System.out.println(ex);
}
}
}
}
class SquareThread extends Thread {
int number;
SquareThread(int randomNumbern) {
number = randomNumbern;
}
public void run() {
System.out.println("Square of " + number + " = " + (number * number));
}
}

class CubeThread extends Thread {
int number;
CubeThread(int randomNumber) {
number = randomNumber;
}
public void run() {
System.out.println("Cube of " + number + " = " + number * number * number);
}
}
public class MultiThreadingTest {
public static void main(String args[]) {
RandomNumberThread rnThread = new RandomNumberThread();
rnThread.start();
}
}
MultiThreadRandOddEven.java
import java.util.*;
// class for Even Number
class EvenNum implements Runnable {
public int a;
public EvenNum(int a) {
this.a = a;
}
public void run() {
System.out.println("The Thread "+ a +" is EVEN and Square of " + a + " is : " + a * a);
}
} // class for Odd Number
class OddNum implements Runnable {
public int a;
public OddNum(int a) {
this.a = a;
}
public void run() {
System.out.println("The Thread "+ a +" is ODD and Cube of " + a + " is: " + a * a * a);
}
}
// class to generate random number
class RandomNumGenerator extends Thread {
public void run() {
int n = 0;
Random rand = new Random();
try {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
n = rand.nextInt(20);
System.out.println("Generated Number is " + n);
// check if random number is even or odd
if (n % 2 == 0) {
Thread thread1 = new Thread(new EvenNum(n));
thread1.start();

}
else {
Thread thread2 = new Thread(new OddNum(n));
thread2.start();
}
// thread wait for 1 second
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("------------------------------------");
}
}
catch (Exception ex) {
System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
}
}
}
// Driver class
public class MultiThreadRandOddEven {
RandomNumGenerator rand_num = new RandomNumGenerator();
rand_num.start();
}
}

9. Aim: Introduce java Collections.
write a java program to perform string operations using ArrayList for the following functions
a. Append – add at end
b. Insert – add at particular index
c. Search
d. List all string starts with a given letter
Java ArrayList class uses a dynamic array for storing the elements. It is like an array, but there is no size
limit. We can add or remove elements anytime. So, it is much more flexible than the traditional array. It
is found in the java.util package. It is like the Vector in C++.
The ArrayList in Java can have the duplicate elements also. It implements the List interface so we can
use all the methods of the List interface here. The ArrayList maintains the insertion order internally.
It inherits the AbstractList class and implements List interface.
The important points about the Java ArrayList class are:
 Java ArrayList class can contain duplicate elements.
 Java ArrayList class maintains insertion order.
 Java ArrayList class is non synchronized.
 Java ArrayList allows random access because the array works on an index basis.
 In ArrayList, manipulation is a little bit slower than the LinkedList in Java because a lot of
shifting needs to occur if any element is removed from the array list.
 We can not create an array list of the primitive types, such as int, float, char, etc. It is required
to use the required wrapper class in such cases.
 For example:
a. ArrayList<int> al = ArrayList<int>(); // does not work
b. ArrayList<Integer> al = new ArrayList<Integer>(); // works fine
c. Java ArrayList gets initialized by the size. The size is dynamic in the array list, which varies
according to the elements getting added or removed from the list.
Hierarchy of ArrayList class
As shown in the above diagram, the Java ArrayList class extends AbstractList class which implements
the List interface. The List interface extends the Collection and Iterable interfaces in hierarchical order.
ArrayList class declaration
Let's see the declaration for java.util.ArrayList class.
1. public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E> implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Clone
able, Serializable

Constructors of ArrayList
Constructor Description
ArrayList() It is used to build an empty array list.
ArrayList(Collection<? extends E>
c)
It is used to build an array list that is initialized with the
elements of the collection c.
ArrayList(int capacity) It is used to build an array list that has the specified initial
capacity.
Methods of ArrayList
Method Description
void add(int index, E element) It is used to insert the specified element at the specified
position in a list.
boolean add(E e) It is used to append the specified element at the end of a list.
boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) It is used to append all of the elements in the specified
collection to the end of this list, in the order that they are
returned by the specified collection's iterator.
boolean addAll(int index, Collection<?
extends E> c)
It is used to append all the elements in the specified
collection, starting at the specified position of the list.
void clear() It is used to remove all of the elements from this list.
void ensureCapacity(int
requiredCapacity)
It is used to enhance the capacity of an ArrayList instance.
E get(int index) It is used to fetch the element from the particular position of
the list.
boolean isEmpty() It returns true if the list is empty, otherwise false.
Iterator()
listIterator()
int lastIndexOf(Object o) It is used to return the index in this list of the last occurrence
of the specified element, or -1 if the list does not contain this
element.
Object[] toArray() It is used to return an array containing all of the elements in
this list in the correct order.
<T> T[] toArray(T[] a) It is used to return an array containing all of the elements in
this list in the correct order.
Object clone() It is used to return a shallow copy of an ArrayList.

boolean contains(Object o) It returns true if the list contains the specified element.
int indexOf(Object o) It is used to return the index in this list of the first occurrence
of the specified element, or -1 if the List does not contain this
element.
E remove(int index) It is used to remove the element present at the specified
position in the list.
boolean remove(Object o) It is used to remove the first occurrence of the specified
element.
boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) It is used to remove all the elements from the list.
boolean removeIf(Predicate<? super E>
filter)
It is used to remove all the elements from the list that satisfies
the given predicate.
protected void removeRange(int
fromIndex, int toIndex)
It is used to remove all the elements lies within the given
range.
void replaceAll(UnaryOperator<E>
operator)
It is used to replace all the elements from the list with the
specified element.
void retainAll(Collection<?> c) It is used to retain all the elements in the list that are present
in the specified collection.
E set(int index, E element) It is used to replace the specified element in the list, present
at the specified position.
void sort(Comparator<? super E> c) It is used to sort the elements of the list on the basis of the
specified comparator.
Spliterator<E> spliterator() It is used to create a spliterator over the elements in a list.
List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int
toIndex)
It is used to fetch all the elements that lies within the given
range.
int size() It is used to return the number of elements present in the list.
void trimToSize() It is used to trim the capacity of this ArrayList instance to be
the list's current size.

import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
public class arraylistexample
{
public static void main(String args[])throws IOException
{
ArrayList<String> obj = new ArrayList<String>();
DataInputStream in=new DataInputStream(System.in);
int c,ch;
int i,j;
String str,str1;
do
{
System.out.println("STRING MANIPULATION");
System.out.println("******************************");
System.out.println(" 1. Append at end t 2.Insert at particular index t 3.Search t");
System.out.println( "4.List string that starting with letter t");
System.out.println("5. Size t 6.Remove t 7.Sortt 8.Displayt" );
System.out.println("Enter the choice ");
c=Integer.parseInt(in.readLine());
switch(c)
{
case 1:
{
System.out.println("Enter the string ");
str=in.readLine();
obj.add(str);
break;
}
case 2:
{
System.out.println("Enter the string ");
str=in.readLine();
System.out.println("Specify the index/position to insert");
i=Integer.parseInt(in.readLine());
obj.add(i-1,str);
System.out.println("The array list has following elements:"+obj);
break;
}
case 3:
{
System.out.println("Enter the string to search ");
str=in.readLine();
j=obj.indexOf(str);
if(j==-1)
System.out.println("Element not found");
else
System.out.println("Index of:"+str+"is"+j);
break;
}
case 4:
{
System.out.println("Enter the character to List string that starts with
specified character");
str=in.readLine();
for(i=0;i<(obj.size()-1);i++)
{
str1=obj.get(i);
if(str1.startsWith(str))

{
System.out.println(str1);
}
}
break;
}
case 5:
{
System.out.println("Size of the list "+obj.size());
break;
}
case 6:
{
System.out.println("Enter the element to remove");
str=in.readLine();
if(obj.remove(str))
{
System.out.println("Element Removed"+str);
}
else
{
System.out.println("Element not present");
}
break;
}
case 7:
{
Collections.sort(obj);
break;
}
case 8:
{
break;
}
}
System.out.println("enter 0 to break and 1 to continue");
ch=Integer.parseInt(in.readLine());
}while(ch==1);
}
}

10. Aim: Exception handling in java, introduction to throwable class, throw, throws, finally.
Program: Write a Java program to read two integers a and b. Compute a/b and print, when b is not
zero. Raise an exception when b is equal to zero.
Exceptions These are the events that occur due to the programmer error or machine error which
causes a disturbance in the normal flow of execution of the program.
Handling Multiple exceptions: There are two methods to handle multiple exceptions in java.
1. Using a Single try-catch block try statement allows you to define a block of code to be tested for
errors, and we can give exception objects to the catch blow because this all the exceptions inherited
by the Exception class.
2. The second method is to create individual catch blocks for the different exception handler.
Hierarchy of the exceptions:
class division
{
{
int a,b,result;
Scanner input =new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Input two integers");
a=input.nextInt();
b=input.nextInt();
try
{
result=a/b;
System.out.println("Result="+result);
}
catch(ArithmeticException e)
{
System.out.println("exception caught: Divide by zero error"+e);
}
}
}

Alternate Solution:
public class Exception {
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
int a,b,c;
System.out.print("Enter the Two Interger ValuesnA :");
a=scan.nextInt();
System.out.print("B :");
b=scan.nextInt();
scan.close();
try {
if(b==0)
throw new ArithmeticException("Divide By Zero");
c=a/b;
System.out.println("nThe Value of "+a+" / "+b+" is "+c);
}catch(ArithmeticException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

11. Aim: Introduce File operations in java.
Program:
Write a java program that reads a file name from the user, displays information about whether the
file exists, whether the file is readable, or writable, the type of file and the length of the file in bytes
import java.io.*;
import javax.swing.*;
class FileDemo
{
{
String filename = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Enter filename: ");
File f = new File(filename);
System.out.println("File exists: "+f.exists());
System.out.println("File is readable: "+f.canRead());
System.out.println("File is writable: "+f.canWrite());
System.out.println("Is a directory: "+f.isDirectory());
System.out.println("length of the file: "+f.length()+" bytes");
try
{
char ch;
StringBuffer buff = new StringBuffer("");
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(filename);
while(fis.available()!=0)
{
ch = (char)fis.read();
buff.append(ch);
}
System.out.println("nContents of the file are: ");
System.out.println(buff);
fis.close();
}
catch(FileNotFoundException e)
{
System.out.println("Cannot find the specified file...");
}
catch(IOException i)
{
System.out.println("Cannot read file...");
}
}
}

Alternate Solution:
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
class AboutFile{
{
System.out.print("Enter the name of the file:");
String file_name = input.nextLine();
File f = new File(file_name);
if(f.exists())
System.out.println("The file " +file_name+ " exists");
else
System.out.println("The file " +file_name+ " does not exist");
if(f.exists()){
if(f.canRead())
System.out.println("The file " +file_name+ " is readable");
else
System.out.println("The file " +file_name+ " is not readable");
if(f.canWrite())
System.out.println("The file " +file_name+ " is writeable");
else
System.out.println("The file " +file_name+ " is not writeable");
System.out.println("The file type is: " +file_name.substring(file_name.indexOf('.')+1));
System.out.println("The Length of the file:" +f.length());
}
}
}
Alternate Solution-2:
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
class Fileattr
{
{
File f1=new File(args[0]);
System.out.println(f1.exists()?”file exists”:”does not exist”);
System.out.println(“Filename:”+f1.getName());
System.out.println(“Filepath:”+f1.getAbsolutePath());
System.out.println(f1.isDirectory()?”is a directory”:”is a simple file”);
System.out.println(f1.canRead()?”can be read”:”can not be read”);
System.out.println(f1.canWrite()?”can be write”:”can not be write”);
System.out.println(“length of file in bytes:”+f1.length());
}
}

12. Aim: Introduce java Applet, awt, swings.
Programs:
Develop an applet that displays a simple message in center of the screen.Develop a simple calculator
using Swings.
Java Swing is a GUI (graphical user Interface) widget toolkit for Java. Java Swing is a part of Oracle’s
Java foundation classes . Java Swing is an API for providing graphical user interface elements to Java
Programs.Swing was created to provide more powerful and flexible components than Java AWT
(Abstract Window Toolkit).
In this article we will use Java Swing components to create a simple calculator with only +, -, /, *
operations.
methods used:
1. add(Component c) : adds component to container.
2. addActionListenerListener(ActionListener d) : add actionListener for specified
component
3. setBackground(Color c) : sets the background color of the specified container
4. setSize(int a, int b) : sets the size of container to specified dimensions.
5. setText(String s) : sets the text of the label to s.
6. getText() : returns the text of the label.
// Java program to create a simple calculator with basic +, -, /, * using // java swing elements
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
class calculator extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
// create a frame
static JFrame f;
// create a textfield
static JTextField l;
// store operator and operands
String s0, s1, s2;
// default constructor
calculator()
{
s0 = s1 = s2 = "";
}
// main function
{
// create a frame
f = new JFrame("calculator");
try {
// set look and feel

UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
}
catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println(e.getMessage());
}
// create a object of class
calculator c = new calculator();
// create a textfield
l = new JTextField(16);
// set the textfield to non editable
l.setEditable(false);
// create number buttons and some operators
JButton b0, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8, b9, ba, bs, bd, bm, be, beq, beq1;
// create number buttons
b0 = new JButton("0");
// equals button
beq1 = new JButton("=");
// create operator buttons
ba = new JButton("+");
bs = new JButton("-");
bd = new JButton("/");
bm = new JButton("*");
beq = new JButton("C");
// create . button
be = new JButton(".");
// create a panel
JPanel p = new JPanel();
// add action listeners
bm.addActionListener(c);

bd.addActionListener(c);
bs.addActionListener(c);
ba.addActionListener(c);
b9.addActionListener(c);
be.addActionListener(c);
beq.addActionListener(c);
beq1.addActionListener(c);
// add elements to panel
p.add(l);
p.add(ba);
p.add(b1);
p.add(b2);
p.add(b3);
p.add(bs);
p.add(b4);
p.add(b5);
p.add(b6);
p.add(bm);
p.add(b7);
p.add(b8);
p.add(b9);
p.add(bd);
p.add(be);
p.add(b0);
p.add(beq);
p.add(beq1);
// set Background of panel
p.setBackground(Color.blue);
// add panel to frame
f.add(p);
f.setSize(200, 220);
f.show();
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
{

String s = e.getActionCommand();
// if the value is a number
if ((s.charAt(0) >= '0' && s.charAt(0) <= '9') || s.charAt(0) == '.') {
// if operand is present then add to second no
if (!s1.equals(""))
s2 = s2 + s;
else
s0 = s0 + s;
// set the value of text
l.setText(s0 + s1 + s2);
}
else if (s.charAt(0) == 'C') {
// clear the one letter
s0 = s1 = s2 = "";
}
else if (s.charAt(0) == '=') {
double te;
// store the value in 1st
if (s1.equals("+"))
te = (Double.parseDouble(s0) + Double.parseDouble(s2));
else if (s1.equals("-"))
te = (Double.parseDouble(s0) - Double.parseDouble(s2));
else if (s1.equals("/"))
te = (Double.parseDouble(s0) / Double.parseDouble(s2));
else
te = (Double.parseDouble(s0) * Double.parseDouble(s2));
l.setText(s0 + s1 + s2 + "=" + te);
// convert it to string
s0 = Double.toString(te);
s1 = s2 = "";
}
else {
// if there was no operand
if (s1.equals("") || s2.equals(""))
s1 = s;
// else evaluate
else {

double te;
// store the value in 1st
if (s1.equals("+"))
te = (Double.parseDouble(s0) + Double.parseDouble(s2));
else if (s1.equals("-"))
te = (Double.parseDouble(s0) - Double.parseDouble(s2));
else if (s1.equals("/"))
te = (Double.parseDouble(s0) / Double.parseDouble(s2));
else
te = (Double.parseDouble(s0) * Double.parseDouble(s2));
// convert it to string
s0 = Double.toString(te);
// place the operator
s1 = s;
// make the operand blank
s2 = "";
}
}
}
}
Output :

Alternate Solution:
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
public class Calculator implements ActionListener {
private static JTextField inputBox;
Calculator(){}
createWindow();
}
private static void createWindow() {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Calculator");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
createUI(frame);
frame.setSize(200, 200);
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
private static void createUI(JFrame frame) {
JPanel panel = new JPanel();
Calculator calculator = new Calculator();
GridBagLayout layout = new GridBagLayout();
GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
panel.setLayout(layout);
inputBox = new JTextField(10);
inputBox.setEditable(false);
JButton button0 = new JButton("0");JButton button1 = new JButton("1");
JButton buttonPlus = new JButton("+");JButton buttonMinus = new JButton("-");
JButton buttonDivide = new JButton("/");JButton buttonMultiply = new JButton("x");
JButton buttonClear = new JButton("C");JButton buttonDot = new JButton(".");
JButton buttonEquals = new JButton("=");
button1.addActionListener(calculator);button2.addActionListener(calculator);
buttonPlus.addActionListener(calculator);buttonMinus.addActionListener(calculator);

buttonDivide.addActionListener(calculator);buttonMultiply.addActionListener(calculator);
buttonClear.addActionListener(calculator);buttonDot.addActionListener(calculator);
buttonEquals.addActionListener(calculator);
gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
gbc.gridx = 0; gbc.gridy = 0; panel.add(button1, gbc);
gbc.gridx = 3; gbc.gridy = 0; panel.add(buttonPlus, gbc);
gbc.gridx = 3; gbc.gridy = 1; panel.add(buttonMinus, gbc);
gbc.gridx = 3; gbc.gridy = 2; panel.add(buttonDivide, gbc);
gbc.gridx = 0; gbc.gridy = 3; panel.add(buttonDot, gbc);
gbc.gridx = 2; gbc.gridy = 3; panel.add(buttonClear, gbc);
gbc.gridx = 3; gbc.gridy = 3; panel.add(buttonMultiply, gbc);
gbc.gridwidth = 3;
gbc.gridx = 0; gbc.gridy = 4; panel.add(inputBox, gbc);
gbc.gridx = 3; gbc.gridy = 4; panel.add(buttonEquals, gbc);
frame.getContentPane().add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String command = e.getActionCommand();
if (command.charAt(0) == 'C') {
inputBox.setText("");
}else if (command.charAt(0) == '=') {
inputBox.setText(evaluate(inputBox.getText()));
}else {
inputBox.setText(inputBox.getText() + command);
}
}
public static String evaluate(String expression) {
char[] arr = expression.toCharArray();
String operand1 = "";String operand2 = "";String operator = "";
double result = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
if (arr[i] >= '0' && arr[i] <= '9' || arr[i] == '.') {
if(operator.isEmpty()){
operand1 += arr[i];
}else{
operand2 += arr[i];
}
}
if(arr[i] == '+' || arr[i] == '-' || arr[i] == '/' || arr[i] == '*') {
operator += arr[i];
}
}
if (operator.equals("+"))

result = (Double.parseDouble(operand1) + Double.parseDouble(operand2));
else if (operator.equals("-"))
result = (Double.parseDouble(operand1) - Double.parseDouble(operand2));
else if (operator.equals("/"))
result = (Double.parseDouble(operand1) / Double.parseDouble(operand2));
else
result = (Double.parseDouble(operand1) * Double.parseDouble(operand2));
return operand1 + operator + operand2 + "=" +result;
}
}
Output
// This java program uses an applet that displays a simple message in center of the screen.
package Applet;
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class WelcomeToApplet extends Applet
{
// create paint class to print on the screen.
public void paint (Graphics g)
{
// Enter message with co-ordinates to make it in centre.
g.drawString ("Welcome To JAVA Programming", 25, 50);
}
}
Alternate Solution:
/* Develop an applet that displays a simple message */
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
class weeka extends Applet
{
public static void init() {
setForeground(Color.yellow); }
public static void paint(Graphics g) {
g.drawString(" Hello World ",80,40); }
}

Additional Problems:
1. Write a Java program to accept a number and check the number is even or not
2. Write a Java program which takes three numbers from the user and print the greatest number
3. Write a Java program to print numbers between 1 to 100 which are divisible by 3, 5 and by both
4. Write a program in Java to display the multiplication table of a given integer.
5. Write a Java Program to Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
6. Write a Java program to convert seconds to hour, minute and seconds
7. Write a Java program that takes a year from user and print whether that year is a leap year or
not
8. Write a Java program to check whether a given integer is a power of 5 or not
9. Write a Java Program to display Fibonacci Series using While Loop
10. Write a Java Program to Find GCD(HCF) and LCM of Two Numbers
11. Write a program that accepts three numbers from the user and prints "increasing" if the
numbers are in increasing order, "decreasing" if the numbers are in decreasing order, and
"Neither increasing or decreasing order" otherwise
12. Write a Java program to compute the sum of the first 100 prime numbers
13. Write a Java program to convert a decimal number to binary number
14. Write a Java program to display Pascal's triangle
15. Write a Java program to convert a binary number to decimal number
16. Write a Java program to compute the sum of the digits of an integer
17. Write a Java program to check if a positive number is a palindrome or not
18. Write a Java program to compute the area of a polygon
19. Write Java methods to calculate the area of a triangle
20. Write a Java program to reverse a string / number
21. Java Program to display n Prime Numbers using Exception Handling
22. Java Program to print Armstrong numbers between desired Range
23. Write a Java method to count all vowels in a string
24. Write a Java program to count the letters, spaces, numbers and other characters of an input
string
25. Write a Java program that searches a value in an m x n matrix
26. Write a Java program to calculate the median of a given unsorted array of integers
27. Write a Java program to search an element in a array list
28. Write a Java Program for Binary Search on Unsorted Array
29. Write a Java program to sort a given array list
30. Java Program to perform Insertion Sort using function
31. Write a Java program to remove duplicates from a sorted linked list
32. Write a Java program to merge two given sorted lists.
33. Write a Java program to check if a file or directory specified by pathname exists or not and to
check if a file or directory has read and write permission
34. Write a Java program to find the longest word in a text file

Sample Solutions to Additional Problems:
1. Java program to check whether the given number is even or odd
class Main {
System.out.println("Enter a number: ");
int number =Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine());
int x = number%2;
if(x==0){
System.out.println("The number is Even");
}
else{
System.out.println("The number is Odd");
}
}
}
2. Java program to convert the temperature in Degree Centigrade to Fahrenheit
class Main {
System.out.println("Enter temperature in Centigrade: ");
int c =Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine());
float f = ((9*c)/5)+32;
System.out.println("Temperature in Fahrenheit is: "+f);
}
}
3. Java program to find the area of a triangle whose three sides are given
class Main {
Scanner sc= new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter the 1st side:");
int a= sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter the 2nd side:");
int b= sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter the 3rd side:");
int c= sc.nextInt();
if((a+b)>c && (a+c)>b && (b+c)>a)
{

double s=(a+b+c)/2.0;
double area=Math.sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c));
System.out.println("Area of Triangle is: " + area);
}
else
System.out.println("Area of the triangle does not exist");
}
}
4. Java program to find out the average of a set of integers
class Main {
System.out.println("Enter the count of numbers: ");
int count = Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine());
int i = 0;
float sum = 0;
for(i=0;i<count;i++){
System.out.println("Enter an integer: ");
int x = Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine());
sum = sum + x;
}
float avg = sum/count;
System.out.println("The average is: "+avg);
}
}
5. Java program to find the product of a set of real numbers
class Main {
System.out.println("Enter the number of real numbers: ");
int count = Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine());
int i = 0;
float product = 1.0f;
for(i=0;i<count;i++){
System.out.println("Enter a real number: ");
float x = Float.parseFloat(sc.nextLine());
product = product * x;
}
System.out.println("The product of the numbers is: "+product);
}
}
6. Java program to find the circumference and area of a circle with a given radius
class Main {
System.out.println("Input the radius of the circle: ");

double radius = Float.parseFloat(sc.nextLine());
double c = 2 * Math.PI * radius;
double area = Math.PI * radius * radius;
System.out.println("The circumference of the circle is: "+c);
System.out.println("The area of the circle is: "+area);
}
}
7. Java program to check whether the given integer is a multiple of 5
class Main {
if(number%5==0){
System.out.println(number+" is a multiple of 5");
}
else{
System.out.println(number+" is not a multiple of 5");
}
}
}
8. Java program to check whether the given integer is a multiple of both 5 and 7
class Main {
if((number%5==0)&&(number%7==0)){
System.out.println(number+" is a multiple of both 5 and 7");
}
else{
System.out.println(number+" is not a multiple of both 5 and 7");
}
}
}
9. Java program to find the average of 5 numbers using while loop
class Main {
int count = 0;
int sum = 0;

while(count<5){
sum = sum+number;
count++;
}
double avg = ((double) sum) / 5.0;
System.out.println("Average is :"+avg);
}
}
10. Java program to display the given integer in reverse manner
class Main {
int rev = 0;
while(number!=0){
int digit = number%10;
rev = (rev*10)+digit;
number = number/10;
}
System.out.println(rev);
}
}
11. Java program to find the geometric mean of n numbers
class Main {
int c = 0;
double p = 1.0;
System.out.println("Enter the number of values: ");
int count =Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine());
while((c<count)){
System.out.println("Enter a real number: ");
double x =Double.parseDouble(sc.nextLine());
c = c+1;
p = p * x;
}
double gm = Math.pow(p,1.0/count);
System.out.println("The geometric mean is: "+gm);
}
}

12. Java program to find the sum of the digits of an integer using while loop
class Main {
int sum = 0;
while(number!=0){
int digit = number%10;
sum = sum+digit;
number = number/10;
}
System.out.println(("Sum of digits is: "+ sum));
}
}
13. Java program to display all the multiples of 3 within the range 10 to 50
class Main {
for(int i=10;i<50;i++){
if(i%3==0)
System.out.println(i);
}
}
}
14. Java program to display all integers within the range 100-150 whose sum of digits is an even
number
class Main {
for(int i=100;i<150;i++){
int num = i;
int sum = 0;
while(num!=0){
int digit = num%10;
sum = sum + digit;
num = num/10;
}
if(sum%2==0){
System.out.println(i);
}
}
}
}

15. Java program to check whether the given integer is a prime number or not
class Main {
System.out.println("Enter an integer greater than 1: ");
int isprime = 1;
for(int i=2;i<(number/2);i++){
if(number%i==0){
isprime = 0;
break;
}
}
if(isprime==1){
System.out.println(number+" is a prime number");
}
else{
System.out.println(number+" is not a prime number");
}
}
}
16. Java program to generate the prime numbers from 1 to N
class Main {
System.out.println("Enter the range: ");
for (int num = 2; num <= number; num++)
{
boolean isPrime = true;
for (int i=2; i <= num/2; i++)
{
if ( num % i == 0)
{
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}
if ( isPrime == true )
System.out.println(num);
}
}
}

17. Java program to find the roots of a quadratic equation
class Main {
System.out.println("Enter the first coefficient: ");
double a = Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine());
System.out.println("Enter the second coefficient: ");
double b = Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine());
System.out.println("Enter the third coefficient: ");
double c = Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine());
if(a!=0.0){
double d = (b*b)-(4*a*c);
if (d==0.0){
System.out.println("The roots are real and equal.");
double r = -b/(2*a);
System.out.println("The roots are "+ r+"and"+ r);
}else if(d>0.0){
System.out.println("The roots are real and distinct.");
double r1 = (-b+(Math.sqrt(d)))/(2*a);
double r2 = (-b-(Math.sqrt(d)))/(2*a);
System.out.println("The root1 is: "+ r1);
System.out.println("The root2 is: "+ r2);
}else{
System.out.println("The roots are imaginary.");
double rp = -b/(2*a);
double ip = Math.sqrt(-d)/(2*a);
System.out.println("The root1 is: "+ rp+ "+ i"+ip);
System.out.println("The root2 is: "+ rp+ "- i"+ip);
}
}else{
System.out.println("Not a quadratic equation.");
}
}
}
18. Java program to print the numbers from a given number n till 0 using recursion
class Main {
print_till_zero(8);
}
public static void print_till_zero(int n){
if(n==0)
return;
System.out.println(n);
n=n-1;
print_till_zero(n);
}
}

19. Java program to find the factorial of a number using recursion
class Main {
int a = Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine());
int result = fact(a);
System.out.println("The factorial of"+ a + " is: "+ result);
}
public static int fact(int n){
int f;
if(n==1)
f=1;
else
f = n * fact(n-1);
return f;
}
}
20. Java program to display the sum of n numbers using an array
class Main {
System.out.println("How many numbers: ");
int num = Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine());
int[] numbers = new int[num];
int sum=0;
for(int n=0;n<num;n++){
System.out.println("Enter number: ");
numbers[n] = x;
}
for(int i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {
sum = sum + numbers[i];
}
System.out.println("Sum of all the elements of the array: " + sum);
}
}
21. Java program to implement linear search
class Main {
int[] numbers = {4,2,7,1,8,3,6};
int flag = 0;
System.out.println("Enter the number to be found out: ");

for(int i=0;i<numbers.length;i++){
if (x==numbers[i]){
System.out.println("Successful search, the element is found at position "+ i);
flag = 1;
break;
}
}
if(flag==0){
System.out.println("Oops! Search unsuccessful");
}
}
}
22. Java program to implement binary search
class Main {
int[] numbers = {1,4,6,7,12,17,25}; //binary search requires sorted numbers
System.out.println("Enter the number to be found out: ");
int result = binarySearch(numbers, 0, numbers.length-1, x);
if (result != -1)
System.out.println("Search successful, element found at position "+result);
else
System.out.println("The given element is not present in the array");
}
public static int binarySearch(int[] numbers,int low,int high,int x){
if (high >= low){
int mid = low + (high - low)/2;
if (numbers[mid] == x)
return mid;
else if (numbers[mid] > x)
return binarySearch(numbers, low, mid-1, x);
else
return binarySearch(numbers, mid+1, high, x);
}else{
return -1;
}
}
}
23. Java program to find the number of odd numbers in an array
class Main {
int[] numbers = {8,3,1,6,2,4,5,9};

int count = 0;
if(numbers[i]%2!=0)
count++;
}
System.out.println("The number of odd numbers in the list are: "+count);
}
}
24. Java program to find the largest number in an array without using built-in functions
class Main {
int[] numbers = {3,8,1,7,2,9,5,4};
int largest = numbers[0];
int position = 0;
if(numbers[i]>largest){
largest = numbers[i];
position = i;
}
}
System.out.println("The largest element is "+largest+" which is found at position
"+position);
}
}
25. Java program to insert a number to any position in an array
import java.util.Arrays;
class Main {
int[] numbers = {3,4,1,9,6,2,8};
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(numbers));
System.out.println("Enter the number to be inserted: ");
System.out.println("Enter the position: ");
int y = Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine());
for(int i=numbers.length-1;i>y;i--){
numbers[i] = numbers[i-1];
}
numbers[y] = x;
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(numbers));
}
}

26. Java program to delete an element from an array by index
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.ArrayList;
class Main {
ArrayList<Integer> numbers = new ArrayList<Integer>(5);
numbers.add(3);
numbers.add(7);
numbers.add(1);
numbers.add(4);
System.out.println(numbers);
System.out.println("Enter the position of the element to be deleted: ");
numbers.remove(x);
System.out.println(numbers);
}
}
27. Java program to check whether a string is palindrome or not
class Main {
String a, b = "";
System.out.print("Enter the string you want to check: ");
a = s.nextLine();
int n = a.length();
for(int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--){
b = b + a.charAt(i);
}
if(a.equalsIgnoreCase(b)){
System.out.println("The string is palindrome.");
}else{
System.out.println("The string is not palindrome.");
}
}
}

28. Java program to implement matrix addition
class Main {
//creating two matrices
int a[][]={{8,5,1},{9,3,2},{4,6,3}};
int b[][]={{8,5,3},{9,5,7},{9,4,1}};
//matrix to store the sum of two matrices
int c[][]=new int[3][3]; //3 rows and 3 columns
//adding 2 matrices
for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
for(int j=0;j<3;j++){
c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];
System.out.print(c[i][j]+" ");
}
System.out.print("n");
}
}
}
29. Java program to implement matrix multiplication
class Main {
//creating two matrices
int a[][]={{8,5,1},{9,3,2},{4,6,3}};
int b[][]={{8,5,3},{9,5,7},{9,4,1}};
//matrix to store the product of two matrices
int c[][]=new int[3][3];
//multiplying 2 matrices
for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
for(int j=0;j<3;j++){
c[i][j]=0;
for(int k=0;k<3;k++){
c[i][j]+=a[i][k]*b[k][j];
}
System.out.print(c[i][j]+" ");
}
System.out.print("n");
}
}
}
30. Java program to check leap year
class Main {
System.out.print("Enter the year you want to check: ");
int year = Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine());

boolean leap = false;
// if the year is divided by 4
if (year % 4 == 0) {
// if the year is century
if (year % 100 == 0) {
// if year is divided by 400, then it is a leap year
if (year % 400 == 0)
leap = true;
else
leap = false;
}
// if the year is not century
else
leap = true;
}
else
leap = false;
if (leap)
System.out.println(year + " is a leap year.");
else
System.out.println(year + " is not a leap year.");
}
}
31. Java program to find the Nth term in a Fibonacci series using recursion
class Main {
Scanner cs=new Scanner(System.in);
int n;
System.out.print("Enter the position(N): ");
n=cs.nextInt();
System.out.print("Nth Fibonacci Number is:
"+NthFibonacciNumber(n));
}
static int NthFibonacciNumber(int n){
if(n==1)
return 0;
else if(n==2)
return 1;
else
return NthFibonacciNumber(n-1)+NthFibonacciNumber(n-2);
}
}
32. Java program to print Fibonacci series using iteration
class Main {
int n1=0,n2=1;
Scanner cs=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number of terms in the sequence: ");

int count = cs.nextInt();
int n3,i;
System.out.print(n1+" "+n2);//printing 0 and 1
//printing from 2 because 0 and 1 are already printed
for(i=2;i<count;++i){
n3=n1+n2;
System.out.print(" "+n3);
n1=n2;
n2=n3;
}
}
}
33. Java program to implement a calculator to do basic operations
class Main {
int firstNumber, secondNumber, opt, add, sub, mul;
double div;
System.out.print("Enter first number: ");
firstNumber = s.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter second number: ");
secondNumber = s.nextInt();
while(true){
System.out.println("Enter 1 for addition");
System.out.println("Enter 2 for subtraction");
System.out.println("Enter 3 for multiplication");
System.out.println("Enter 4 for division");
System.out.println("Enter 5 to Exit");
int option = s.nextInt();
switch(option){
case 1:
add = firstNumber + secondNumber;
System.out.println("Result:"+add);
break;
case 2:
sub = firstNumber - secondNumber;
System.out.println("Result:"+sub);
break;
case 3:
mul = firstNumber * secondNumber;
System.out.println("Result:"+mul);
break;
case 4:
div = (double)firstNumber / secondNumber;
System.out.println("Result:"+div);
break;
case 5:
System.exit(0);
}

}
}
}
34. Java Program to Find Your Weight on Mars
Mars’ gravity is about 38% of Earth’s. Write a program that will calculate your weight on
Mars.
Declare all variables at the top of the class.
Initial variables are to be of float type.
After making the calculations, assign the result to a new variable, this time of the double
type.
After assigning the assignment, write the variable double to the console, limiting its
length to 4 decimal places.
Cast the above variable of double type to a new variable of int type.
Cast the above variable of type int to a new variable of type char.
Do any math operation on this variable char type and assign the value of this activity to
the new variable int type.
Each of the above actions should be written to the console, adding some text explaining
what has been done.
class Main {
System.out.print("How many pounds (lbs) do you weigh? ") ;
float weight = input.nextFloat();
// computing the weight on mars
double weightOnMars = (weight * .38);
// displaying results with 4 decimal places
System.out.println("Your weight is "+String.format("%.4f",weightOnMars)+" lbs on
Mars");
System.out.println("Converting the variable into integer");
int weightOnMarsInt = (int)weightOnMars;
System.out.println(weightOnMarsInt);
System.out.println("Converting the variable into char");
char weightOnMarsChar = (char)weightOnMars;
System.out.println(weightOnMarsChar);
System.out.println("Converting the variable into Int and doing an operation on it");
int newIntVariable = weightOnMarsChar * 2;
System.out.println(newIntVariable);
}
}

35. Java Program to Check Whether the Generated Random Number Is Even or Odd
Write a program that generates a random number between 1 and 100 (you can use the Random ()
method from the Math class.
In the next step check whether it is an even or an odd number. Each of the above actions should be
written to the console.
class Main {
int min = 1;
int max = 100;
//Generating a random number
Random r = new Random();
int randomNumber = min + r.nextInt(max);
System.out.println("Generated random number is: "+randomNumber);
//Checking whether the number is odd or even
if(randomNumber%2==0){
System.out.println("The generated random number is even.");
}else{
System.out.println("The generated random number is odd.");
}
}
}
36. Java Program to Find the Number of Containers You Need
Choose an odd number between 50 and 100 and save it as an int variable telling us how many Lego
bricks we have (e.g. amountOfBricks ), then select an even number between 5 and 10 stating how
many Lego blocks fit in one container (e.g.: containerCapacity ) and save it as an int variable as well.
Write a program that will calculate how many full containers we have, how many containers, in
general, are full and not full, and how many blocks are in the container that is not completely full
(use the modulo operator for this).
class Main {
System.out.println("How many Lego bricks do we have? Choose an odd number
between 50 and 100: ");
int amountOfBricks = Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine());
System.out.println("How many Lego blocks fit in one container? Choose an even
number between 5 and 10: ");
int containerCapacity = Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine());
int noOfFullContainers = amountOfBricks/containerCapacity;
int noOfTotalContainers;
int noOfBlocksInNotFullContainers = amountOfBricks%containerCapacity;

_OOP with JAVA Solution Manual (1).pdf

_OOP with JAVA Solution Manual (1).pdf

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