RETAIL THEORIES

1.  Cyclical Theories
o Wheel of Retailing
o Retail Accordion
 Development Theories
o Dialectic Process
o Theory of natural evolution

2.  Wheel of retailing: This was given by McNair
and modified by Hollander. It entails
 Entry Phase
 Trade-up phase
 vulnerability phase

3. According to this theory marketing mix
expands and then contracts like an accordion
during different time periods; General-
Specific-General theory

4. As per this theory retail institutions evolve into
newer forms over a period of time by
adopting characteristics of existing formats

5. Dreesman was the first to apply Darwin Theory
of Natural Selection to the evolution of retail
organizations. This theory implies that
adaptation to changes in environment is a
necessary condition for the survival of retail
formats.

7.  ON the basis of ownership;
o Independent
o Chain
o Franchise
o Leased stores/Departments
o Consumer cooperatives
 On the basis of merchandise ;
o Food retailers- Convenience, supermarkets
Hypermarkets,
o Non-Food retailers- Speciality, departmental,
off-price, catalogue, factory outlet