SMC, JSMU, MBBS, Blood module

1. Pharmacology Lecture outlines week-06 Blood Module
SEMESTER I M.B.B.S (2013-14),SMC, JSMU
Lecture 1
Quinolones.
Learning objectives
At the end of lecture students should be able to:
1. Classify the Quinolones.
2. Understand the pharmacodynamics & pharmacokinetics of these drugs.
3. Know the clinical uses of important members of this group.
Lecture outline
Quinolones are synthetic anti microbial agents, bactericidal in action. Classified
into four groups according to spectrum of activity. Mechanism of action :
Quinolones block bacterial topoisomerase II and IV. They can be given by oral
and parenteral routes. They are contraindicated in pregnancy. Main uses are UTI,
RTI, anthrax, bone and joint infections.
Lecture 2
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors II. Macrolides
By the end of the lecture the student should be able to discuss the following
aboutMacrolides antibiotics:

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Describe the chemical structure of macrolides.
2. Classify macrolides.
3. Name the FDA approved macrolides.
4. Describe the spectrum of activity.
5. Explain the mechanism(s) of action.
6. Discuss the major mechanism(s) of resistance and how cross
resistance develops?
7. Describe the pharmacokinetics in brief.
8. What are clinical uses?
9. List the adverse drug reactions.
Lecture 3
Antimycobacterial agents class II drugs
Lecture outlines:
Describe the mechanisms of action, use, and adverse effects of 2nd line Anti-
tuberculosis drugs.
List of drugs:
Ethionamide
Capreomycin
Cycloserine
Aminosalicylic Acid
Kenamycin & Levofloxacin
Rifabutin
Clofazamine

3. Antimycobacterial agents class Idrugs
Lecture 6 of week-05 Blood Module
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lecture students should be able.
1. To classifyclass I anti Mycobactarial Agents.
2. To explain the mechanism of action of class I agents.
3. To understand the important adverse reactions of these drugs.
Lecture outline
In class I the anti mycobacterium agents are:
a) Isoniazid
b) Rifampin
c) Pyrazinamide
d) Ethambutol
e) Streptomycin
Isoniazid (INH):
It is the most active drug for the treatment of tuberculosis. It inhibits
mycobacterial cell wall synthesis. It is given orally but can be given
parenterally. Metabolism is genetically determined. Main adverse effects are
Hepatitis and Peripheral neuropathy.
Rifampin :
It inhibits RNA synthesis of mycobacterium. It is given orally. Adverse
effects are mild, it may cause cholestatic jaundice.
Rifampin induces a number of cytochrome P450 enzymes.
Ethambutol:
It is cell wall synthesis inhibitor. It is given orally.
The most serious side effect is retro bulbar neuritis.
Pyrazinamide:
Mechanism of action is unknown. It is given orally.
Main adverse effect is Hepatotoxicity.

4. Streptomycin:
It is a protein synthesis inhibitor. It is given by I/M or I/V route.
Main adverse effects are Otoxicity & Nephrotoxicity.