Top of FormA random telephone survey of adults (aged and older.docx

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A random telephone survey of adults (aged and older) was
conducted by research corporation on behalf of an online tax
preparation and e-filing service. The survey results showed
that of those surveyed planned to file their taxes electronically.
a. Develop a descriptive statistic that can be used to estimate
the percentage of all taxpayers who file electronically.
(to nearest whole number)
b. The survey reported that the most frequently used method for
preparing the tax return is to hire an accountant or professional
tax preparer. If of the people surveyed had their tax return
prepared this way, how many people used an accountant or
professional tax preparer?
(to nearest whole number)
c. Other methods that the person filing the return often used
include manual preparation, use of an online tax service, and
use of a software tax program. Would the data for the method
for preparing the tax return be considered categorical or
quantitative?
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The Tennessean, an online newspaper located in Nashville,
Tennessee, conducts a daily poll to obtain reader opinions on a
variety of current issues. In a recent poll, readers responded to
the following question: "If a constitutional amendment to ban a
state income tax is placed on the ballot in Tennessee, would you
want it to pass?" Possible responses were Yes, No, or Not Sure.
a. What was the sample size for this poll?
b. Are the data categorical or quantitative?
c. Would it make more sense to use averages or percentages as a

summary of the data for this question?
d. Of the respondents in the United States, said Yes, they
would want it to pass. How many individuals provided this
response? (Round your answer to the integer.)
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The Bureau of Transportation Statistics Omnibus Household
Survey is conducted annually and serves as an information
source for the U.S. Department of Transportation. In one part of
the survey the person being interviewed was asked to respond to
the following statement: "Drivers of motor vehicles should be
allowed to talk on a hand-held cell phone while driving."
Possible responses were strongly agree, some what agree, some
what disagree, and strongly disagree. Forty-five respondents
said that they strongly agree with this statement, said that they
some what agree, said they some what disagree, and said they
strongly disagree with this statement.
a. Do the responses for this statement provide categorical or
quantitative data?
b. Would it make more sense to use averages or percentages as a
summary of the responses for this statement?
c. What percentage of respondents strongly agree with allowing
drivers of motor vehicles to talk on a hand-held cell phone
while driving?
(to the nearest whole number)
d. Do the results indicate general support for or against
allowing drivers of motor vehicles to talk on a hand-held cell
phone while driving?
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Figure 1.7 provides a bar chart showing the annual revenue for
Google from 2007 to 2014.
FIGURE 1.7 GOOGLE REVENUE
Year
a. What is the variable of interest?
b. Are the data categorical or quantitative?
c. Are the data time series or cross-sectional?
d. Comment on the trend in Google revenue over time.
The input in the box below will not be graded, but may be
reviewed and considered by your instructor.
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Excel File:data01-05.xls
a. What is the average price for the cordless telephones (to 2
decimals)?
$
b. What is the average talk time for the cordless telephones (to
3 decimals)?
hours
c. What percentage of the cordless telephones have a voice
quality of excellent?
%
d. What percentage of the cordless telephones have a handset
on the base?

%
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A sample of midterm grades for five students showed the
following results: , , , , . Which of the following statements are
correct, and which should be challenged as being too
generalized?
a. The average midterm grade for the sample of five students
is .
b. The average midterm grade for all students who took the
exam is .
c. An estimate of the average midterm grade for all students
who took the exam is .
d. More than half of the students who take this exam will score
between and .
e. If five other students are included in the sample, their grades
will be between and .
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Every year, the U.S. Coast Guard collects data and compiles
statistics on reported recreational boating accidents. These
statistics are derived from accident reports that are filed by the
owners/operators of recreational vessels involved in accidents.
In 2009, 4730 recreational boating accident reports were filed.
Figure 1.8 provides a bar chart summarizing the number of
accident reports that were filed each month (U.S. Coast Guard's
Boating Safety Division website, August 2010).

a. Are the data categorical or quantitative?
b. Are the data time series or cross-sectional?
c. In what month were the most accident reports filed?
Approximately how many?
d. There were 61 accident reports filed in January and 76
accident reports filed in December. What percentage of the total
number of accident reports for the year was filed in these two
months (to 1 decimal)?
%
Does this seem reasonable?
e. The overall shape of the bar graph is .
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The following data show the number of rental cars in service for
three rental car companies: Hertz, Avis, and Dollar, over four-
year period.
Cars in Service (1000s)
Company
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Hertz

Dollar
Avis
a. Select a time series graph for the Year 1 to Year 4 showing
the number of rental cars in service for each company. Show the
time series for all three companies on the same graph.
Note: blue line is for company Hertz, green line is for company
Dollar and red line is for company Avis
A.
B.
C.
D.
b. Comment on who appears to be the market share leader and
how the market shares are changing over time.
In Year 1 the market share leader.
In Year 3 and Year 4 have approximately the same market
share. The market share for Dollar appears to be .
c. Select a bar chart showing rental cars in service for Year 4.

A.
B.
C.
D.
Is this chart based on cross-sectional or time series data?
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A survey of investment managers revealed the following:
a. Do the following statements provide descriptive or non
descriptive statistics?
of managers classified themselves as bullish or very bullish on
the stock market.
The average expected return over the next months for equities
was .
selected health care as the sector most likely to lead the market
in the next months.
When asked to estimate how long it would take for technology
and telecom stocks to resume sustainable growth, the managers’
average response was years.
b. Make an inference about the population of all investment
managers concerning the average return expected on equities
over the next months. Round your answer to 1 decimal place if
necessary.
c. Make an inference about the length of time it will take for

technology and telecom stocks to resume sustainable growth.
Round your answer to 1 decimal place if necessary.
years
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The Kroger Company is one of the largest grocery retailers in
the United States, with over 2000 grocery stores across the
country. Kroger uses an online customer opinion questionnaire
to obtain performance data about its products and services and
learn about what motivates its customers (Kroger website, April
2012). In the survey, Kroger customers were asked if they
would be willing to pay more for products that had each of the
following four characteristics. The four questions were: Would
you pay more for
products that have a brand name?
products that are environmentally friendly?
products that are organic?
products that have been recommended by others?
For each question, the customers had the option of responding
yes if they would pay more or no if they would not pay more.
a. Is the data collected by Kroger in this example categorical or
quantitative?
b. What measurement scale is used?
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- Select your answer -

MS611 Project
Formulating Research Problems, Questions and Hypotheses
Introduction to the course and to your assignment
All lectures from Workshop -
http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/CentralAsia/workshop.htm
This project is made possible by the support of the American
people through the United States Agency for International
Development (USAID). The contents are the sole responsibility
of the University of Pittsburgh and do not necessarily reflect the
views of USAID or the United States Government.
*
*
Course assignment:
Develop a research projectLearn the general steps in the
research process from research idea to project
implementationIdentify a research problemDefine research
questions, directional and non-directional hypothesesIdentify
the best possible research design for your hypotheses

*
Research DefinedResearch is an organized and systematic way
to find answers to questions
Research is a creative process
*
The Research IdeaProfessional experienceBurning
questionsLiteratureProfessional meetingsDiscussions
*
Criteria for developing a good research questionFeasible
InterestingNovelEthical Relevant
Cummings et al. 2001
*
Good research
question?FeasibleSubjectsResourcesManageableData
available?InterestingNovelIn relation to previous
findingsConfirm or refute?New setting, new
populationEthicalSocial or scientific valueSafeRelevantAdvance
scientific knowledge?Influence clinical practice?Impact health
policy?Guide future research?
*
A Research Question Must Identify

The variables under study
The population being studied
The testability of the question
*
Variables in researchHave 2 or more properties or qualitiesAge,
sex, weight, height
Is one variable related to another?“ Is X related to Y? What is
the effect of X on Y?” etc.
*
Variables in researchIndependent variable:has a presumed effect
on the dependent variable (outcome)May or may not be
manipulatedDependent variable:Something that varies with a
change in the independent variableOutcome variable
*
HypothesisStatement about the relationship between 2 or more
variablesConverts the question into a statement that predicts an
expected outcomeA unit or subset of the research problem
*
Characteristics of hypothesesDeclarative statement that
identifies the predicted relationship between 2 or more

variablesTestabilityBased on sound scientific theory/rationale
*
Directional vs. Non-Directional HypothesesDirectional
hypothesis Specifies the direction of the relationship between
independent and dependent variablesNon-directional
hypothesisShows the existence of a relationship between
variables but no direction is specified
Finding appropriate research designCohortCross sectionalCase
controlClinical trial?
*
Prepare PowerPoint presentaiton5-10 minutes long~5 slidesEach
presentation should include research area, significance,
hypothesis, and rough research design
Practical applications of this project?Create your own research
projectUnderstand published research papersUnderstand
presentations at scientific conferencesPublish your research!!
*
1

MS611 PROJECT PLANNING AND WRITING GUIDE
Introduction
All graduate students are required to pass a Comprehensive
Exam or complete a project. This is
the culminating academic endeavor of students who earn a MBA
or MSCIS degree from
CalUMS-VA. The project provides students with the
opportunity to explore a problem and to
address that problem through focused study and applied
research under the direction of a faculty
member. The project should demonstrate the student’s ability to
synthesize and apply the
knowledge and skills acquired in his/her academic program to
real-world issues and problems. It
should affirm students’ ability to think critically and creatively,
to solve practical problems, to
make reasoned and ethical decisions, and to communicate
effectively. This guide provides the
student and instructor an overview of the general process. Your
project instructor will be
directing your project and be able to answer specific questions
that you have that may not be

addressed in the guidelines presented.
Goals of the Project Experience
• To provide students with the opportunity to apply the
knowledge and skills acquired in
their courses to a specific problem or issue.
• To encourage students to think critically and creatively about
academic, professional, or
social issues and to further develop their analytical and ethical
leadership skills necessary
to address and help solve these issues.
• To provide students with the opportunity to refine research
skills and demonstrate their
proficiency in written and/or oral communication skills.
• To have students demonstrate their achievement of the
CalUMS-VA outcomes and their
ability to extend and refine this knowledge and skill in the
realization of their personal
and professional goals.
2

Expectations
A well-developed project should (1) examine a significant
question or set of questions, (2) focus
on a specialized topic, (3) draw upon sound methodological
principles, (4) provide the current
state of knowledge from the existing literature on the subject
matter, and (5) present compelling
findings based on rich analyses of the data utilized to answer
the research question(s). The
expectation is that the project will be well written and follow
the current APA formatting
guidelines. The paper should be of sufficient quality to be
potentially submitted for publication
in a peer-reviewed journal. Projects not meeting the quality and
formatting expectations
described below will not earn a passing grade.
• Writing should be clear and organized, with a logical flow
from one topic to the next.
• Sentence structure should follow standard rules of grammar
and punctuation.
• Each paragraph should have a topic sentence, a body, and a
conclusion.
• Transitions between paragraphs should be fluid.

• Use spell checker to help avoid spelling errors; however, this
is not a substitute for
careful proofreading.
• Write in “active voice,” whenever possible.
• Use past and present tense, where appropriate (e.g., Use past
tense when reporting what
you did, “I surveyed the participants…” and discussing your
results, “The analysis of the
data showed…” Use present tense when stating well established
facts, “The U.S.
economy is the largest in the world in terms of nominal GDP.”).
Do not use future tense.
Instructional Resources
Instructional resources for the project course are available in
Moodle (INSERT MOODLE LINK
HERE). The resources include lectures, templates, grading
rubric, as well as links to internet-
based resources for students.
3

Technical Requirements for the Projects
1. Students should select a research project in an area of
particular interest, e.g., business,
human resources, marketing, finance, production, information
systems, etc.
2. Projects must be written in English on standard business
letter size (8.5” x 11”) using
Microsoft Word, double-spaced, following APA guidelines. The
Publication Manual of
the American Psychological Association (6th ed., 2010) and the
APA Style website
(http://www.apastyle.org/) provide a comprehensive reference
guide to writing using
APA style, organization, and content.
3. Proposals must be submitted for approval of the instructor
not later than one (1) week
from the start of the class. This two-page proposal document
should identify the main
issues that you have chosen to address and justifies the
importance – the “why” of your
project. It should clarify the problem, or “opportunity”, and
explain the relevance, to your
education at CalUMS-VA, of addressing this problem or

opportunity. It should state your
targeted outcomes for this project and provide an overview of
your planned approach to
reaching your stated objectives.
4. The instructor shall review the project proposals submitted
by the students and advise its
approval/disapproval within seven (7) days upon its receipt. If
the proposal is not
approved by the instructor, reason(s) for said denial shall be so
advised to the student.
The student shall then be given another week to write and
submit a new project proposal.
If the proposal is approved, the student may proceed with the
research as indicated in the
proposal. Any substantial change in content or approach in the
student’s approved project
must be immediately reported to the instructor for clearance.
5. Students who complete the approved research project should
write their final project
paper to the instructor according to the designated date of
submission. The final project
http://www.apastyle.org/

4
paper, with a minimum of 20 pages, shall be subject to
evaluation and approval of the
instructor.
6. Your project should include a table of contents and a list of
tables and figures. It may also
include copyright information, a dedication, and
acknowledgements. Your abstract
should contain at least your research topic, research questions,
methods, results, and
conclusions. If one or more appendices are used in your paper,
they should be included
after the reference page(s). Order of pages should be as follows:
Title Page, Dedication
(optional), Acknowledgements (optional), Table of Contents,
List of Tables, List of
Figures, Abstract, Body, References, and Appendices.
7. Regardless of the topic or methodology, the main body of the
project paper should follow
the five-chapter approach. The five chapters are:
I. Introduction

II. Literature Review
III. Methodology
IV. Analysis and Discussion of Results
V. Summary and Conclusions
Each chapter of the project should begin on a new page. A brief
discussion of each of the
chapters follows.
Chapter 1 tells the reader what your study/project is about and
why it is important. It also
provides general information about the study/project which the
reader might need to know. It
should include an introduction, background specific to the
problem, a statement of the problem,
5
rationale, research questions, nature and importance of the
study, definition of terms, and
assumptions and limitations.
Chapter 2 includes the literature review. Before conducting your

own project, you need to
thoroughly understand your field and what has already been
attempted and accomplished by
others. This chapter is intended to review and synthesize the
information you have found in the
process of researching what others have already accomplished.
It may provide the foundation for
building knowledge, provide a conceptual framework for the
study, provide support for the
methodology you choose, and/or provide support for possible
interpretations of the results found
in your study.
Chapter 3 details the method used to conduct your study. After
reviewing this section, the
reader should be able to conduct the exact same research with
no further information than what
you provide here. Note that if there is more than one research
question, then each question must
be addressed individually even if the method for research is
identical.
Chapter 4 presents the results of your project. Depending on the
type of research conducted, this
may be a relatively long chapter. In this chapter tables and/or
figures must be used to assist in

presenting results.
Chapter 5 includes a summary of your findings and a discussion
of the conclusions drawn from
your project. An analysis of the data and an analysis of the
significance of the data related to
each research question should be included as part of this
discussion. It should be written in a way
that demonstrates your ability to think critically and to apply
what you have learned to solve
business-related problems. Additionally, you may include
suggestions for further study. You
may gain ideas for further study based on questions that came
up during your project, topics that
you did not have time to pursue but are related, answers that
came up that you were not
expecting, etc.
6
8. Completed project should be submitted for grading by the
required due date. Late

submissions will be subject to point reduction.
9. The criteria to be used in evaluating the final project paper
shall be as follows:
a) Suitability of Title to Program
b) Overall Relevance of the Topic
c) Content and Presentation of Data
d) Scope and Extent of Academic Contribution
Students must earn at least a grade of “B” for the student
project in order to pass the course
satisfactorily. The grading rubric is provided in Appendix A.
10. Students will create and conduct a brief presentation of their
project findings in a
maximum of 15 PowerPoint slides. Presentations will be
conducted on the last day of the
class. Students should create and deliver their presentations as
if they were managers of
their divisions/departments, giving reports to a meeting of the
board of directors.
Important Note on Plagiarism
The American Psychological Association (APA) defines
plagiarism as representing “portions of
another’s work or data s [your] own, even if the other work or

data source is cited occasionally”
(http://www.apa.org/ethics/code2002.htm1#8_11). Candidates
may be guilty of plagiarism for:
• Copying another person’s actual words without the use of
quotation marks and footnotes
attributing the words to their source.
• Presenting another person’s ideas or theories in your own
words without acknowledging
the source.
http://www.apa.org/ethics/code2002.htm1#8_11
7
• Using information that is not common knowledge without
acknowledging the source.
• Internet plagiarism includes paraphrasing or copying
information from the Internet
without citing the source and “cutting and pasting” from various
sources without proper
attribution.
The penalty for plagiarism is an “F” for the course and it is
ground for academic dismissal.

Students should use the APA Style for citing and referencing
other people’s work to avoid being
accused of plagiarism.
8
Appendix A
MS611 Project Grading Rubric
Project Section Does Not Meet Expectations (C-
or below)
Meets Expectations (B) Exceeds Expectations (A)
Introduction and
Literature Review
(10 percent)
☐ Introduction/background/rationale for the
project are incorrect, incoherent, or flawed
☐ Does not reflect understanding of subject
matter and associated literature

☐ Poor critical assessment of the literature
and identification of gaps
☐ Objectives are poorly supported by
background literature
☐ Demonstrates poor understanding of
theoretical concepts
☐ Introduction/background/rationale for the project
coherent and clear
☐ Reflects understanding of subject matter and
associated literature
☐ Adequate critical assessment of the literature and
identification of gaps
☐ Objectives are adequately supported by
☐ Demonstrates understanding of theoretical
concepts
☐ Introduction/background/rationale for the
project are superior
☐ Exhibits mastery of subject matter and
associated literature
☐ Superior critical assessment of the literature
and identification of gaps

☐ Objectives are superiorly supported by
☐ Demonstrates mastery of theoretical concepts
Methodology
(15 percent)
☐ Methods are partially aligned with
objectives
☐ Methods are poorly described (e.g.,
process, setting, participants, measures)
☐ Variables, targets, measures, and
implementation process is unclear and poorly
developed
☐ Methods do not include an evaluation
component (e.g., preliminary implementation
and quantitative evaluation, qualitative
feedback, review by experts or end-users)
☐ Proposed analyses are wrong,
inappropriate, or missing
☐ Conceptual framework not identified
☐ Methods are adequately aligned with objectives
☐ Methods are adequately described (e.g., process,
setting, participants, measures)

implementation process is clear and adequately
developed
☐ Methods include an evaluation component; the
evaluation is adequate (e.g., preliminary
implementation and quantitative evaluation,
qualitative feedback, review by experts or end-
users)
☐ Proposed analyses are routine, objective, correct
☐ Conceptual framework is clear and adequately
linked to project
☐ Methods are fully aligned with objectives
☐ Methods are superiorly described (e.g.,
process, setting, participants, measures)
implementation process is clear, fully developed,
and imaginative
☐ Methods include an evaluation component;
the evaluation is robust (e.g., preliminary
implementation and quantitative evaluation,
qualitative feedback, review by experts or end-

users)
☐ Proposed analyses are sophisticated, robust,
precise
☐ Conceptual framework is exceptional with
superior links to project
Analysis and
Results
(15 percent)
☐ Analysis and results are partially aligned with
objectives
☐ Results are poorly described and do not align
with description of methods
☐ Tables/figures are missing or do not clearly
present the project findings (e.g., formatting,
☐ Analysis and results are adequately aligned with
objectives
☐ Results are adequately described and aligned with
description of methods

☐ Tables/figures are present and adequately present
the project findings
☐ Analysis and results are fully aligned with
objectives
☐ Results are superiorly described and aligned
with description of methods
☐ Tables/figures are present and superiorly
present the project findings
9
appropriate number of tables/figures to display
the range of results)
☐ Results have limited practical or
programmatic utility
☐ Interpretation of data (e.g., quantitative or
qualitative) or outcomes is wrong, inappropriate
☐ Results have marginal practical and programmatic

utility
qualitative) or outcomes is routine, objective, correct
☐ Results have superior practical or programmatic
utility
qualitative) or outcomes is sophisticated, robust,
precise
Summary and
Conclusions
(10 percent)
☐ Key findings are poorly summarized with
reference to objectives
☐ Poor integration and interpretation of results
across findings (e.g. simply repeats results or
describes no results in discussion)
☐ Findings poorly evaluated within the context
of the literature (e.g., restatement of

background, no or very limited discussion of
new literature)
☐ Does not identify or poorly describes project
limitations
☐ Recommendations are poorly linked to results
☐ Key findings are adequately summarized with
☐ Adequate integration and interpretation of results
across findings
☐ Findings adequately evaluated within the context of
the literature
☐ Project limitations are adequately identified and
described
☐ Recommendations are linked to results
☐ Key findings are fully summarized with
☐ Superior integration and interpretation of results
across findings

☐ Findings fully evaluated within the context of
the literature
☐ Project limitations are superiorly identified and
described
☐ Recommendations are very clearly linked to
results
Overall
Significance/Scope
(10 percent)
☐ Project represents limited expansion upon
previous research/work and has limited evidence
of significance
☐ Demonstrates rudimentary critical thinking
skills
☐ Project builds upon previous research/work and
show some evidence of significance
☐ Demonstrates average critical thinking skills
☐ Project greatly extends previous research/work

and shows exceptional evidence of significance
☐ Exhibits mature, critical thinking skills
Quality of Writing
and Formatting
(10 percent)
☐ Writing is weak
☐ Numerous grammatical and spelling errors
apparent
☐ Organization is poor
☐ Formatting is poor
☐ Writing is adequate
☐ Some grammatical and spelling errors apparent
☐ Organization is logical
☐ Formatting is adequate
☐ Writing is publication quality
☐ No grammatical and spelling errors apparent
☐ Organization is excellent
☐ Formatting is exceptional

References
(10 percent)
☐ Few references (25%) are timely and
appropriate to the subject matter
☐ References selected below average or poor
for the chosen subject (relies on websites or
non-peer reviewed sources; outdated; missing
key works)
☐ Statements consistently not supported by
references when references are clearly needed
☐ Many references (50%) are timely and appropriate
to the subject matter
☐ References selected are adequate for the chosen
subject
☐ Statements generally supported by references when
references are clearly needed
☐ The majority of in-text and reference list citations
are properly cited (e.g., switching between formatting

☐ Most references (75%) are timely and
appropriate to the subject matter
☐ References selected are the best available for
the chosen subject
☐ Statements always supported by references
when references are clearly needed
☐ All in-text and reference list citations are
properly cited (e.g., switching between formatting
10
☐ In-text and reference list citations are
formatted incorrectly or inconsistently (e.g.,
switching between formatting styles, websites
improperly cited, etc.)
styles, websites improperly cited, etc.) styles, websites
improperly cited, etc.)
Presentation

(15 percent)
☐ Presentation includes little research.
Describes/explains no or very few concepts.
☐ Presentation is not presented in a logical
sequence.
☐ Presentation not well written and does not
engage the audience.
☐ Did not finish within the allotted 15 slides, or
words on most slides in too small a font.
☐ Presentation included moderate to thorough amount
of research. Describes/explains several relevant
concepts.
☐ Presentation is outlined and adequate but lacking in
a certain topic/theme.
☐ Presentation demonstrates good fluency and is well
written for the audience.
☐ Presented with at most 15 slides, by having a few
slides in a small font to fit everything in.

☐ Presentation indicates excellent, thorough
research. Describes/explains numerous relevant
concepts, and all concepts are well-integrated.
☐ Presentation is outlined well and presented with
many details that support the overall position.
☐ Presentation demonstrates excellent fluency and
is compelling for the audience.
☐ Presented with at most 15 slides, with each slide
well designed to be easily read.
Professionalism
(5 percent)
☐ Project timeline poorly managed by student;
consistently missed deadlines; consistently
required prompting by instructor
☐ Student rarely sought feedback; feedback was
clearly needed
☐ Minimally responsive to written/verbal
feedback

☐ Project timeline mostly managed by student with
some oversight from instructor; some deadlines missed
☐ Student sought some feedback and occasionally
asked for help when it was needed
☐ Adequately responsive to written/verbal feedback
☐ Project timeline completely managed by
student; student worked independently and met all
project deadlines
☐ Student struck an exceptional balance between
working independently but asking for necessary
feedback/help
☐ Exceptionally responsive to written/verbal
feedback
Final Rating ☐ DOES NOT MEET EXPECTATIONS
(EQUIVALENT TO C- OR BELOW)
☐ MEETS EXPECTATIONS (EQUIVALENT TO
B)
☐ EXCEEDS EXPECTATIONS
(EQUIVALENT TO A)

Research question: Do exports and imports affect GDP growth
of countries?
1. Choose ONE dependent variable (Y) and choose 3
independent variables (X)
2. Use multiple regression model to find suitable dependent
variable and independent variables
3. Make hypothesis and explain the results
4. The main body of paper should be 20-25 pages in length (not
including references, tables, figures, appendixes pages).
5. Please use the template below.
Create a Word or Rich Text Format (RTF) document that is
double-spaced, 12-point font. The final product should be at
least 21 pages in length excluding the title page and reference
page.Creative Title Here (make sure you title relates to your
recommendations)Professor Name HereSubmitted in Partial
Fulfillment of the Requirements forCourse Number HereCourse
Name HereByStudent Name Here; Student ID Number
HereCounty, State
Month Here 2018Table of ContentUse the “How to Create a
Table of Content” document to create your table of contentMake
sure to:Insert page number into your table of content.Every
header in your table of content should appear in the body of
your paper.Abstract
Write the abstract last. The abstract paragraph is "not" indented;
all other paragraphs are indented. The abstract is 120 words or
less. The abstract is a brief summary about the contents of the
paper. Abstracts are similar to the preview of a paperback book
on the back of the book or the preview of a movie on the movie
case; they are designed to make someone want to read the paper.
What to include?
The content of the abstract includes:

· Motivation and purpose: main subject or research question and
review of the relevant literature.
· Specifics: problem statement, approach, objectives,
hypothesis, research methodology (method(s) adopted or search
strategies).
· Results: main findings (proposed solutions to the problem) and
discussion.
· Conclusions and implications/outcomes: what the results mean
and further points.
As we can see, the abstract must state:
· The problem addressed and some background information.
· The solution or insight proposed (newly observed facts).
· An example that shows how it works.
· An evaluation: a comparison with existing answers/techniques.
Then, an abstract should provide answers for the following
questions:
· What and why.
· What you found.
· How you did it.
· But how do we begin?
What would be an effective way to begin an abstract? To help
you on your way let us consider some introductory sentences.
First, let us see some opening sentences that DO NOT offer real
information:
1. This paper reports on a method for...
2. The paper explores the notions of...
3. The purpose of our research is to consider how...
4. The objective of this study is to determine...
Introduction
Introduction text here, providing historical information and
background information on your project topic. Remember a
paragraph must have a minimum of five sentences. Problem
statement is the last sentence in introduction. The problem
statement starts by stating the topic and then lists the three main
problem of the paper; the three main problems become the

subheadings within the paper. Introduction can engage readers
in many ways, you can start your introduction by using one of
the options below.
· Ask a question
· Identify a debate
· Give a comparison
· Explain a situation
· Describe a problem
· Quote an authority
· Cite an example
· Set up an intellectual problem
· Offer a hypothesis
An introduction should seek to engage readers so that they will
become invested in your writing. In some contexts this means
finding a way to persuade a reader who is reading 60 papers on
the same topic that yours is worth paying special attention to. In
other contexts this means helping a reader already committed to
your work to recognize what unusual or exciting question your
paper will address.Problem Statement
The Problem Statement should always be followed by the
introduction. You can use a separate section or just insert one
sentence at the end of your introduction. Make sure you list 3
problems that this project will focuses on. This section is the
question number 2 of your first assignment. Do not use bullets
when writing your problem statement.
Background
The Background Section should reflect the history of the
businesses.
Analysis
The Analysis section will focus on the problem you want to
solve and you are required to use one or more analysis. Start
this section with an introductory paragraph and let the reader
know what type of analysis you are using. Provide the definition
of the analysis (don’t forget to site it) Also, tell the reader why
you chose this analysis. Do not use bullets when writing this

section. Below is a link to help you with this section.
http://www.maxi-
pedia.com/quantitative+strategic+planning+matrix+QPSM
Recommendations and Implementations
Recommendation
Make sure to introduce your problem statement one more time
and write an introductory paragraph when you start writing your
recommendations (List the 3 recommendations) so the reader
knows what they are going to read. Do not use bullets when you
list the 3 recommendations
· Your recommendation should be the mirror image of your first
assignment
· Make sure to site the graphs and tables in your
recommendations or implementation
· Your sources should appear on the body of your paper as well
as the Reference Page
· A paragraph consists of 5 sentences or more. If it is less than
5 sentences combine some of your sentences to make a
paragraph.
· Anytime you see green or red underline it means that you have
a grammatical or spelling error (sometimes there are names that
shows red, you can leave those alone).
Recommendation 1
Make sure to write a paragraph and expand on recommendation
number 1 and explain why it is important to use this
recommendation. Make sure to support your claim with sources.
At the end of the recommendation, list 3 of your implementation
using transition sentence. Do not use bullets when you list the 3
implementations.
Implementation 1
Provide step by step how would you implement your
implementation number one. Make sure to use at least one

source to support your implementation. At the end of the
implementation number one use a transition sentence.
Implementation 2
implementation number two. Make sure to use at least one
implementation number two use a transition sentence.
Implementation 3
implementation number three. Make sure to use at least one
implementation number three use a transition sentence.
Recommendation 2
implementations.
Implementation 1
Implementation 2
Implementation 3
Recommendation 3

implementations.
Implementation 1
Implementation 2
Implementation 3
Conclusion
Look back at your introduction, and read your problem
statement. This is what you set out to “prove.” In your
conclusion, you should restate the problem statement in such a
way that it shows that you proved your point.
Write your recommendations, mentioning the ideas that you
used to support your problem statement in the project paper.
This must be done without being repetitive, so use other words
and put the ideas in context. You gave specific details, facts and
statistics in your body paragraphs, and now you must make a
more generalized statement in the conclusion to impress the
reader.
Address opposing viewpoints, if necessary. This strengthens
your position by assuring your reader that you took other points
of view into consideration.
Connect the topic with the company you were researching

about. The conclusion is the place to show readers why they
should care about the topic, and how the topic affects them.
Call for action on the part of the reader, or refer to future
research of your topic. For example, if your project paper is
about the need for energy efficiency, implore your reader to
take steps toward a smaller “footprint,” and/or mention green
solutions that are now being investigated.
End your project with a clincher. The clincher can be a
prediction based on your research, a quotation that relates to the
topic or a startling fact or statistic that supports your problem
statement.References
“Bibliography” or “Works Cited” – call this section what you
want. Whatever the case, you must
list all resources that you used for this project. Therefore, it is
imperative that you keep track of all the sources from your
literature review and your recommendation assignment.
Furthermore, in the text of the report you must cite your sources
whenever you use ideas or data generated by someone else. You
must cite these sources, even if you do not quote or paraphrase
from them directly.
Your reference page should be APA style ( single space and
insert space between the sources. Also make sure the first line
is outward intended and second line is indented inwards).
Don't forget to put your references in alphabetical order by
author’s last name. If one of your references begins with the
word "The," put the rest of the name first and insert a comma,
followed by the word The (example – Associated Press, The.).
Author's Last Name, First Initial. (year). Title of article/Internet
page. Retrieved Month date, year, from http://complete URL
here Do Not end with a period (EXAMPLE OF AN INTERNET
SOURCE – IF NO DATE IS GIVEN ON THE INTERNET
PAGE USE: (n.d.). IN PLACE OF THE YEAR.)
Author's Last Name, First Initial. (year). Title of book. City,
ST: Publisher. (EXAMPLE OF A BOOK)

Author's Last Name, First Initial. (year, Season). Title of
article. Magazine Name, 12(8), 27. (EXAMPLE OF A
MAGAZINE ARTICLE - Note – only capitalize the proper
nouns in the title of the article; capitalize all the words in the
magazine name; the 12 is where the volume number goes, the 8
is where the issue number goes, the 27 is where the page
number goes.)
Berube, M. S., ed. (1989). The American heritage dictionary.
New York: Dell. (EXAMPLE OF A DICTIONARY)
Bird, I. (1973). A lady's life in the Rocky Mountains (Reprint
ed.). New York: Ballantine Books. (EXAMPLE OF A BOOK)
Leonard, S. J., & Noel, T. J. (1990). Denver: Mining camp to
metropolis. Niwot, CO: University Press of Colorado.
(EXAMPLE OF A BOOK)
Morson, B., & Frazier, D. (2000, December 7). For years, brown
cloud fouls Denver image [Electronic version]. Denver
(Colorado) Rocky Mountain News. Retrieved October 3, 2002,
from http://insidedenver.com/millennium/1207stone.shtml
(EXAMPLE OF A NEWSPAPER ARTICLE FROM AN ONLINE
VERSION OF THE NEWSPAPER)
National Jewish Medical & Research Center. (2001a, January
5). The 'Brown Cloud,' cold-induced asthma, winter allergies
and seasonal affective disorder around the corner as winter
approaches. Retrieved October 4, 2002, from
http://www.njc.org/news/ winter1.html (EXAMPLE OF AN
ORGANIZATION AS THE AUTHOR)

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