Dr. Pierce Paul - Corn Disease Issues And Solutions
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Corn Disease Issues And Solutions - Dr. Pierce Paul, Ohio State University, from the 2018 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, March 6 - 7, Ada, OH, USA. More presentations at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZBwPfKdlk4SB63zZy16kyA
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Dr. Pierce Paul - Corn Disease Issues And Solutions
- 1. Gibberella ear rot of Corn: Development and Management Dr. Pierce A. Paul Professor Agronomic Crop Updates for 2018 - Cereal Pathology BACK
- 3. Fusarium graminearum Diseases Head Scab Wheat Milling and Baking quality Barley Malting Quality Corn Ethanol Co-products (DDGS) Gibberella Ear rot Seed and seedling diseases Stalk, Stem and Root Diseases
- 4. A whitish to pinkish-red mold covering the tip of the ear. Associated with the mycotoxins Deoxynivalenol (Vomitoxin) Zearalenone Infections occur through the silk. Outbreaks associated with: Cool and wet weather during the 7 to 10 days after silking Damage caused by insects, hail, and other mechanic means Ear position at dry-down Hybrids vary in susceptibility Gibberella ear rot
- 5. http://cropprotectionnetwork.org/corn/ear-rots/ Gibberella ear rot Ear position at dry-down affects GER
- 6. http://cropprotectionnetwork.org/corn/ear-rots/ Gibberella ear rot Typically at the tip of the ear But, may develop from the base, particularly if ear dry-down in a upright position
- 7. GER and DON Weather-Based Risk Factors
- 9. Licking Co. Fayette Co. Clark Co. Darke Co. Van Wert Co. Wood Co. Wyandot Co. Crawford Co. Wayne Co. Columbiana Co. GERSeverity 0 20 40 60 80 Gibberella Ear Rot – Vary by location
- 10. Grain yield and quality reduction
- 11. Gibberella Ear Rot Severity Range (%) 30-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-95 Vomitoxin(ppm) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Gibberella ear rot and vomitoxin
- 12. Slide courtesy G. Munkvold Vomitoxin (DON) in DDGS Schatzmayr and Streit, 2013 2010 Growing Season Toxin not degraded Not found in distilled ethanol fraction DDGS = 1/3 of original grain mass
- 13. Gibberella Ear Rot – Vary by hybrid
- 14. Why do hybrids react differently to GER? Some hybrids are more susceptible that others Genetic resistance Silking characteristics Ear characteristics o Tightness o Position at dry-down Insect Damage Bt vs non-Bt Maturity vs weather Unfortunately, information pertaining to susceptibility of hybrids is not readily available.
- 15. Slide courtesy G. Munkvold Mycotoxin Management Strategies Bowers and Munkvold, 2014
- 16. Management of GER and DON What about crop rotation and tillage? Not as effective as with other diseases o Spore travel long distances o Wide infection window o Need to be practiced on a large scale What about fungicides? Very little data on fungicide efficacy against Gibberella ear rot and vomitoxin in corn. Timing is a concern Unanswered questions about epidemiology o Infection process
- 17. Fungicide Effect on Gibberella Ear Rot/DON Slide courtesy G. Munkvold Limay-Rios and Schaafsma, 2013
- 18. Check Headline AMP Prosaro Gibberellaearrotseverity(%) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Wooster Western Fungicide effect on Gibberella ear rot/DON Check Headline AMP Prosaro Vomitoxin(ppm) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Wooster Western
- 19. EXP 1_R1 EXP 2_R1 Proline_R1 Delaro_R1 Proline_R1+5 HL_AMP_R1 Proline_R1+10 Delaro_V6 Quilt_XL_R1 Check Vomitoxin(ppm) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Fungicide effect on Vomitoxin - Wisconsin 94% 74% 68% Damon Smith et al. UW
- 20. Limay-Rios and Schaafsma, 2013 Fungicide Effect on Gibberella Ear Rot/DON
- 21. Agronomic Crop Updates for 2018 - Cereal Pathology Southern Rust of Corn: Identification and Management Dr. Pierce Paul, Professor Dept. of Plant Pathology
- 23. Common and Southern rust of Corn
- 24. Pataky, U Illinois - PMN Common rust of Corn - Puccinia sorghi
- 25. Pataky, U Illinois - PMN Southern rust of Corn - Puccinia polysora
- 26. Common vs Southern rust - Resting spore
- 27. Common vs Southern rust of Corn
- 28. Product/Trade name Common rust Southern rust Quadris 2.08 SC E G Headline 2.09 EC/SC E VG Aproach 2.08 SC VG-E G Tilt 3.6 EC VG F-G Proline 480 SC VG G Folicur 3.6 F U F-G Domark 230 ME U G Quilt Xcel 2.2 SE VG-E VG Trivapro U E Aproach Prima 2.34 SC U G-VG Priaxor 4.17 SC VG G Headline AMP 1.68 SC E G-VG Stratego YLD 4.18 SC E G-VG Affiance 1.5 SC U G Management with Fungicides
- 29. CHECK Stratego YLD 2 oz_V6 Stratego YLD 4 oz_V6 Stratego YLD 4 oz_VT Stratego YLD 2 oz_VT Aproach Prima 6.8 oz_VT Headline AMP 10 oz_VT Aproach V6 fb Aproach Prima VT Quadris V6 fb Quilt XCEL R2 Stratego YLD VT+R2 Aproach VT fb Aproach Prima R2 Priaxor VT+R2 Headline AMP VT+R2 Quilt XCEL VT+R2 RustSeverity 0 2 4 6 8 10 Efficacy vary among fungicide programs Austin Hagan – Auburn University
- 30. Timing effect - Stratego YLD 4 fl oz Check V6 VT VT+R2 RustSeverity 0 2 4 6 8 10 > 40% Check V6 VT VT+R2 Yield(bu/A) 0 50 100 150 200 250 Austin Hagan – Auburn University
- 31. Two-Treatment Programs (VT + R2) CHECK Stratego YLD Priaxor Headline AMP Quilt XCEL RustSeverity 0 2 4 6 8 10 CHECK Stratego YLD Priaxor Headline AMP Quilt XCEL Yield(bu/A) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 > 40% Austin Hagan – Auburn University
- 32. MORE ON FUNGICIDES IN CORN BACK
- 33. Stratego Stratego YLD Quilt Quilt Xcel Headline Headline AMP YieldDifference(bu/acre) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Comparing Yield Response Among Fungicides
- 34. R1 R2 YieldDifference(bu/acre) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Quilt Xcel R1 R2 Headline R1 R2 Headline AMP R1 R2 Stratego R1 R2 Stratego YLD Effect of Application Timing of Yield Response
- 35. Mean yield response compared to non-treated control in bu/A over time 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 2016 2017
- 36. Effect of Different V5 Treatments on Disease Gray leaf spot on the Ear Leaf
- 37. High (> 5%) Low (< 5%) YieldDifference(bu/acre) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Headline High (> 5%) Low (< 5%) Stratego High (> 5%) Low (< 5%) Quilt Xcel Effect of Diseases Severity on Yield Response
- 38. Chance of Breakeven Yield Projected Yield Increase (bu/acre) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Probability(chance) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 High Disease (> 5%) Low Disease (< 5%) Cost ($36/A)/Price ($3/bu) = ??? bu/A Cost ($20/A)/Price ($3/bu) = ??? bu/A
- 39. Acknowledgments We thank USDA NIFA (Award # 2014-70006-22507) for providing funds to purchase weather monitoring units; Bayer CropScience for providing partial support to cover salaries for the Graduate Student; and contributors to the Ohio Corn Performance trials.
Editor's Notes
- A look back at the 2017 growing season – Gibberella ear rot showed up at the end of the season in some fields – very hybrid- and location-dependent
- Fusarium graminearum infects major field crops, causing several diseases
- A look back at the 2017 growing season – Vomitoxin the biggest concern, especially in those areas with wet humid conditions during the week after tasseling/silking
- A look back at the 2017 growing season – infects may occur at the end of the season, especially on ears that dry down in an upright position
- A look back at the 2017 growing season – infects may occur at the end of the season, especially on ears that dry down in an upright position
- Researching GER and vomitoxin in corn in OH
- Identifying important weather variables associated with GER and DON in Ohio
- A look back at the 2017 growing season – data from the corn performance trials showing average GER severity across 15 hybrids. Note variation among locations
- Grain quality deteriorates as Gibberella ear rot severity increases
- but most importantly, GER leads to grain contamination with vomitoxin, which is harmful to livestock and contaminates co-products of ethanol production
- Vomotoxin (DON) increases three-fold in DDGS
- A look back at the 2017 growing season – data from the corn performance trials showing average GER severity across 10 locations. Note variation among hybrids – hybrid selection is therefore key for reducing the risk of GER as fungicide application show inconsistent results – drop nozzles seem to provide the best results, but application timing is still an issue.
- Resistance is important for GER/DON control, but hybrid reaction is influenced by factors other than genetic resistance.
- ECB and CEW traits may reduce the incidence of some mycotoxins (fumonisins) in DDGS – largely due to reduction in damage caused by insects.
- Research with Proline in Canada: Fungicide treatments applied at tassel-silking provided the best results in terms of vomitoxin reduction
- Results not so great in Ohio – we may have overkilled with too high inoculum levels and used inappropriate fungicide application methods
- Results not so great in Ohio – we may have overkilled with too high inoculum levels and used inappropriate fungicide application methods
- Folks in Canada used drop nozzles; we used high-clearance sprayers – more research needed
- A look back at the 2017 growing season – the biggest and most widespread disease problem was southern rust – by Ohio standards southern rust, generally not a major concern in the state, was widespread in 2017 – planting was delayed (or replant) in several locations due to wet early-season conditions, both of which favored southern rust, a disease that develops best under warm, wet conditions. However, losses were generally not severe, likely because dryer mid-season conditions prevented rapid spread of the disease during grain development.
- A look back at the 2017 growing season – common rust, a disease more prevalent in the state, was also widespread in 2017. However, unlike southern rust, it generally does not impact grain yield – partly because this disease develops best under cool, wet conditions, and as such usually slows down as conditions become warm and dry during drain fill. Very important to distinguish between the two…
- Treatments applied at tassel-Silking and 10 ears in each plot inoculated with Fusarium graminearum 3-5 days after