Herbicide Cover Crop Interactions
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Herbicide/cover Crop Interactions. Cover Crops Are Tools; Select The Right Tool. - Dr. Lee Briese, CCA, North Dakota, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
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Herbicide Cover Crop Interactions
- 1. Herbicide Cover Crop Interactions Lee Briese Doctor of Plant Health CCA, Certified Crop Advisor @Lee_Briese
- 2. What are your GOALS?
- 6. It all starts with Goals • Water management • Wind erosion • Water erosion • Salinity • Diversity
- 7. 1
- 9. Herbicide Selection • Fit herb to weeds • Fit cover crop to herb • Do NOT recommend fitting herb to cover crop
- 10. • Benefit vs risk • Need weed control • Herbs last for 2-4 weeks of control – Max 6 weeks Risk Management
- 11. • NDSU weed guide: rotation restrictions of 4 months or less = safe • If you follow these recommendations; there won’t be much time for covers Herbicide Labels
- 12. Where to find information? • USDA Cover Crop Periodic table • Midwest Cover Crop Council • State Extension weed guides • Use botanical classification – (cross reference) – Google taxonomy
- 13. Cover Crop Chart “Periodic table”
- 15. Midwest Cover Crop Council
- 16. • Will have most of information needed • Can have errors • Need to connect the dots • Herbicide Label is the LAW Extension Weed Guides
- 17. NDSU Soil Health bottom of pagehttps://www.ndsu.edu/soilhealth/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Briese_weed-cover-crop-chart_3-2016.pdf
- 18. Better information Description Page Plant back intervals 6 Herbicide site of action 108 Herbicide Carryover 110 Crop rotation restrictions 112 Herbicide residue and cover crops 115 Grazing restrictions 125 Herbicide efficacy 128 Herbicide components 135 North Dakota Weed Control Guide https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/weeds/weed-control-guides/nd-weed-control-guide-1/W25320_FinalWeedGuide2020.pdf
- 19. • Topramezone + dimethenamid • Impact + Outlook • 3-9 month restriction (sugar beet 18) • Short residual ~ 3 weeks – Grasses lower risk, mustard moderate risk – Legumes high risk Armezon Pro
- 20. • Clorpyralid + acetochlor + mesotrione • Stinger + Harness + Callisto • 10.5-18 months • Long residual 4-6 weeks – Rye, Flax – Maybe barley, wheat – No legumes or brassica Resicore
- 21. Educated Guess • Consider weather • Degradation method • Estimate injury potential • Tolerate some injury
- 22. Gateway cover crops • Cereal Rye • Radish • Turnip • Oats • Barley
- 23. Cereal Rye • Use to manage excess water • Good weed control
- 24. Cereal Rye Benefits • Weed control – Kochia – Common ragweed – Waterhemp – Fleabane/marestail • Reduced water erosion • Reduced wind erosion • Increased infiltration Disadvantages • High risk injury to corn • High water use • Volunteer • Termination timing/method
- 25. Radish • Use to reduce water • Reduces compaction • Good frost tolerance • Deep tap root • Fast growth • 1-3#/a
- 26. Turnip • Similar to radish • Better forage • May not winter kill • 1-3#/a https://www.clarindaherald.com/news/local/cover-crops- cover-chances-of-soil-loss/article_7e70dc6a-feab-11e6-94e5- 3766148c46e2.html
- 27. Oats • Less water usage • Better for sandy ground • Good vs wind erosion • Lower frost tolerance • Can control volunteer in wheat • 30-50#/a
- 28. Barley • Saline tolerant • More frost tolerant than oats • High herbicide tolerance • Fast growth • 30-70#/a
- 29. Mixes • Target goals! • Keep it simple • $10-12 for seed • Know how to kill covers • 30-70#/a good starting rate – 1 bu grass – 1-3# radish
- 33. Set Goal of Improvement • There is no final endpoint • More not necessarily better • No award for “best” or “most” • There is a limit to resources • Pay attention, take notes, learn, adapt
- 34. Be cautious • Make sure it fits – Your farm – Fields – Goals • Sales people – Soil Health does not come in a jug – Tests not yet reliable • “True believers” – Be a skeptic
- 37. What is a healthy soil? • SHOVEL • AGGREGATES • Infiltration • Slake test
- 42. 5 “Food Groups” Concept 1. Cool season grasses 2. Cool season broadleaves 3. Warm season grasses 4. Warm season broadleaves 5. Legumes
- 43. • Farmer “If cover crops helped my poor ground so much, what are the possibilities for my good ground?” • Don’t need a tutor for your A student What about the good fields? • Different goals • Biological enhancement • Nutrient cycling • Pest reduction • Enhance beneficials
- 44. Rye
- 45. Rye vs Kochia
- 46. “Planting Green”
- 52. 1. Herbicides 2. Tillage 3. Crop Canopy 4. Crop Rotation 5. Cover Crops 6. Allelopathy 7. Handweeding 8. Mowing 9. Harvest Weed Seeds 10. Grazing 11. Exclusion (Living fence) 12. Mulch Weed Control Tools (24) 13. Nitrogen Management 14. Weed Seed Predation 15. Flame Cultivator 16. Electricity 17. UV Light 18. Rotary Cultivator 19. Steam 20. Liquid Nitrogen 21. Robots with lasers 22. Abrasive blasting (sand?) 23. Cytochrome P450 inhibit 24. RNAi technology
- 53. Herbicide Information • Herbicide Handbook
- 54. Salinity
- 58. Resistant Kochia (ALS, glyphosate, fluroxypyr)
- 59. Kochia 14 days after dicamba
- 60. Waterhemp 14 days after dicamba
- 61. 2 content
- 62. 1 content
Editor's Notes
- The ones in black are existing weed control tools. #11 would be planting corn on the outside border of a soybean field to catch weeds like kochia that roll. 12. We have used rye planted the fall before soybean, killed at planting and then the residue works as a mulch. 14. insects and rodents eating seeds. 15. Organic growers use LP torches to burn small weeds. Can go inbetween the rows or over the top of crops like corn before the growing point emerges. 16. Lightning weeder, was used in sugarbeets. Generator with a rod attached. Weeds above the canopy completed the circuit and the high voltage caused the water in the weed to boil and the weed would explode. The ones in red are just ideas for agriculture. 17 think of a light bulbs from a tanning bed being used to over load the weeds with uv light. 18. think multirow weed wacker. 19. think nozzles on a sprayer like the nozzle in a carpet steam cleaner. 20. Might be able to freeze the weeds with liquid N and fertilize the crop at the same time. 21. Rather than UAV’s taking pictures I’d rather have a robot programed to go through the field and pull or kill weeds. Think similar to a Roomba. 22. Might be able to reformulate fertilizer and apply under pressure to sand blast the weed to kill the growing point.