6.3 Music Beyond the Concert Hall Discuss the emergence and impact of various forms of popular music, including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, rock and roll, hip-hop, sound tracks. • Folk Songs • The Spiritual and Gospel Music • Ragtime • Jazz • Blues • Popular Songs • Hip-Hop and Rap • What We Listen to Today 1 Discussion Points: • One way of thinking of music is that it is the shape given to sound. At different points in history, a number of concepts have challenged this idea. • The Greeks invented the Aeolian Harp and we have wind chimes. Characters in Shakespeare’s plays speak of the silent “music of the spheres” or the harmonious vibrations of the planets. Avant-garde composers have challenged the assumptions we have of what is music and what is not. • At what point does sound (or silence) cease to be music? Can music exist without human intent? P.S. You can see and listen here to an Aeolian Harp in San Francisco, at the end of Pier 152 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmP5XaNYlkI https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica_universalis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtzSm76ppS4 Music Beyond the Concert Hall 6.3 Various forms of popular music, including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, rock and roll, and hip-hop. (2 of 13) • Folk Songs • Unlike “art” songs • Requires no formal training • Does not subscribe to rigid forms or rules • 1960s folk revival • Recounted real events • Celebrated rogues and outlaws • Fought for social causes • Bob Dylan’s music raised folk to high art. 3 4 Pete Seeger Bob Dylan, Joan Baez. FOLK SONGS There are few esthetic rules, but folk songs endure. They give a Sense of Group identity Types of folk songs: 1. Commemorative 2. Work 3. Accumulation 4. Scoundrel 5. Narrative. Rye Whiskey - scoundrel I've been working on the railroad Old McDonald Had a Farm - accumulation song Folk song Revival in 1960s Dylan-Times Are A-Changing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVWTeXzgkJE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgINdoXz-ZY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5yvIKMCIPs&feature=related http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2lfz3_bob-dylan-times-they-are-achangin_music 5 Barbara Allen Sung by Emmy Rossum Barbara Allen, sung by Emmy Lou Harris https://www.google.com/search?q=Barbara+Allen+Sung+by+Emmy+Rossum&oq=Barbara+Allen+Sung+by+Emmy+Rossum&aqs=chrome..69i57j33.33008j1j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 https://www.google.com/search?q=Barbara+Allen+Sung+by+Emmy+Rossum&oq=Barbara+Allen+Sung+by+Emmy+Rossum&aqs=chrome..69i57j33.33008j1j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=beEvaxH1jYc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=beEvaxH1jYc 6 AMAZING GRACE Amazing Grace, how sweet the sound, That saved a wretch like me I once was lost, but now am found, Was blind, but now I see. Amazing Grace is also the title of a 2006 film directed by Michael Apted about the campaign against the slave trade in 19th century Britain, led by famous abolitionist William Wilberforce, who was responsible .

1. 6.3 Music Beyond the Concert Hall
Discuss the emergence and impact of various forms of popular
music,
including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, rock and roll, hip-hop, sound
tracks.
• Folk Songs
• The Spiritual and Gospel Music
• Ragtime
• Jazz
• Blues
• Popular Songs
• Hip-Hop and Rap
• What We Listen to Today
1
Discussion Points:
• One way of thinking of music is that it is the shape
given to sound. At different points in history, a
number of concepts have challenged this idea.
• The Greeks invented the Aeolian Harp and we have
wind chimes. Characters in Shakespeare’s plays
speak of the silent “music of the spheres” or the
harmonious vibrations of the planets. Avant-garde
composers have challenged the assumptions we
have of what is music and what is not.
• At what point does sound (or silence) cease to be

2. music? Can music exist without human intent?
P.S. You can see and listen here to an Aeolian Harp in San
Francisco, at the end of Pier 152
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmP5XaNYlkI
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica_universalis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtzSm76ppS4
Music Beyond the Concert Hall
6.3 Various forms of popular music, including folk, jazz, blues,
gospel, rock
and roll, and hip-hop. (2 of 13)
• Folk Songs
• Unlike “art” songs
• Requires no formal training
• Does not subscribe to rigid forms or rules
• 1960s folk revival
• Recounted real events
• Celebrated rogues and outlaws
• Fought for social causes
• Bob Dylan’s music raised folk to high
art.
3
4

3. Pete Seeger
Bob Dylan,
Joan Baez.
FOLK SONGS
There are few esthetic rules,
but folk songs endure.
They give a Sense of Group identity
Types of folk songs:
1. Commemorative
2. Work
3. Accumulation
4. Scoundrel
5. Narrative.
Rye Whiskey - scoundrel
I've been working on the railroad
Old McDonald Had a Farm
- accumulation song
Folk song Revival in 1960s
Dylan-Times Are A-Changing
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVWTeXzgkJE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgINdoXz-ZY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5yvIKMCIPs&feature=relate
d
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2lfz3_bob-dylan-times-
they-are-achangin_music

4. 5
Barbara Allen
Sung by Emmy Rossum
Barbara Allen,
sung by Emmy Lou Harris
https://www.google.com/search?q=Barbara+Allen+Sung+by+Em
my+Rossum&oq=Barbara+Allen+Sung+by+Emmy+Rossum&aqs
=chrome..69i57j33.33008j1j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
https://www.google.com/search?q=Barbara+Allen+Sung+by+Em
my+Rossum&oq=Barbara+Allen+Sung+by+Emmy+Rossum&aqs
=chrome..69i57j33.33008j1j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=beEvaxH1jYc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=beEvaxH1jYc
6
AMAZING GRACE
Amazing Grace,
how sweet the sound,
That saved a wretch like me
I once was lost,
but now am found,
Was blind, but now I see.
Amazing Grace is also the title of a 2006 film directed by
Michael Apted
about the campaign against the slave trade in 19th century
Britain, led by

5. famous abolitionist William Wilberforce, who was responsible
for steering
anti-slave trade legislation through the British parliament. The
title is a
reference to the hymn "Amazing Grace" and the film also
recounts John
Newton's writing of the hymn.
Grandma Moses, We Are Coming to Church, 1949.
Moses was a renowned primitive/folk painter. What
elements of this painting parallel those of folk music?
Figure 6.7
7
8
SPIRITUALS, JAZZ and BLUES
“Call
and
Response”
Collages by
Romare Bearden.
Music Beyond the Concert Hall
6.3 Discuss the emergence and impact of various forms of

6. popular music,
including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, rock and roll, and hip-hop.
(3 of 13)
• The Spiritual and Gospel Music
• Spirituals
• Originated in African-American slaves’ desire to preserve
their native heritage.
• Presented God’s concern for the downtrodden
• Gospel Music
• Originated in the more formal church settings
• Added musical complexity to spirituals
9
Music Beyond the Concert Hall
6.3 Discuss the emergence and impact of various forms of
popular music,
including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, rock and roll, and hip-hop.
(6 of 13)
• Jazz
• A fully realized African-American art form
• Borrowed syncopation
• Arose from call-and-response traditions
• Balanced the need for control and soaring release
• Duke Ellington—composer; brought jazz to large
concert halls
• George Gershwin—composed Porgy and Bess, a

7. jazz opera
• Miles Davis—innovator of bebop and cool jazz
10
11
JAZZ and BLUES
• Ragtime: “syncopation”
(shifted accents:
“syllabicate”)
• Jazz: “improvisation”
• Blues: half-tones or
“blue note
Hesitation Blues
Maple Leaf Rag, composed+played
by Scott Joplin syncopation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4n20U8hWHSE
Duke Ellington, c. 1910.
Some scholars label jazz America’s greatest contribution to the
world of
music. Do you agree? What makes jazz uniquely American?
Figure 6.8

8. It Don’t Mean a Thing, If It Ain’t Got That Swing)
12
It%20Don%252525252560t%20Mean%20A%20Thing%20(if%2
0It%20Ain%252525252560t%20Got%20That%20Swing)
Music Beyond the Concert Hall
6.3 Discuss the emergence and impact of various forms of
popular music,
including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, rock and roll, and hip-hop.
(8 of 13)
• Blues
• Secular songs originating in slavery’s oppression
• Named for the “expressly lowered tone,” the blue note
• Often somber themes of hard life and failed love
• Billy Holiday
• Exemplifies the connection between blues excellence and the
hard-lives of its performers and writers
13
Billie Holiday, c. 1940s.
One central myth of the humanities is that all great artists live
lives full of
pain. Do you agree? Or can happiness also inspire great art?
Figure 6.9

9. Willow, Weep for Me
14
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w82NHDRRGJ0
Music Beyond the Concert Hall
6.3 Discuss the emergence and impact of various forms of
popular music,
including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, rock and roll, and hip-hop.
(5 of 13)
• Ragtime
• Early twentieth century
• Blended European styles and African
American Traditions
• Marked by syncopation
• Scott Joplin’s innovations
15
16
ROCK influenced by: rhythm-and-blues, country-western,
and Non-Western music.
Elvis
Stones
Beatles
Hendrix

10. Jimi Hendrix-
All Along the
Watchtower
You Ain't Nothin But a
Hound Dog
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9WbKBKima4Q
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9WbKBKima4Q
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9WbKBKima4Q
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJsQSb9RFo0
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJsQSb9RFo0
Music Beyond the Concert Hall
6.3 Discuss the emergence and impact of various forms of
popular music,
including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, popular music, rock and roll,
and hip-hop. (10 of 13)
• Popular Music
• Irving Berlin Blue Skies
• Frank Sinatra I Did It My Way
• Rock and Roll—fusion of several styles
• Little Richard Long Tall Sally
• Elvis Presley Heartbreak Hotel
• The Beatles
• The Rolling Stones Gimme Shelter
Beatles: Hard Day's Night
17
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64rulm3CFhg

11. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1t8kAbUg4t4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eFFgbc5Vcbw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e8jAqvmnsIk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RbmS3tQJ7Os
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cD4TAgdS_Xw
Music Beyond the Concert Hall
6.3 Discuss the emergence and impact of various forms of
popular music,
including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, rock and roll, and hip-hop.
(12 of 13)
• Hip Hop and Rap
• Half-sung, half-spoken
• Strong beat
• Verbal dexterity
• Strongest singers
achieve the level of folk poets
Jay Z (Shawn Carter) and
his wife, the singer
Beyoncé Knowles, 2015.
Like Kanye West and his wife
Kim Kardashian, Jay Z and
Beyoncé are cultural icons, not
simply performers.
Does the celebrity
culture we now live in
influence the way you listen to
music? In what ways?
18

12. Beyonce, Single Ladies
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m1EFMoRFvY
19
“How Come” Youssou N’Dour (2000)
Yo -
As the universe expands
I contemplate whether it was God
or the Big Bang that made man Sometimes I
wonder how come
We cant live without guns
What would of been the outcome
if the South won
Think about that son
What in the hell caused the assassination of
Malcolm
The federal communications commission
listens to politicians in the position
to Make certain decisions
like puttin minorities in prison
To decimating the population of women
It's called socialism
From the United States to the United Kingdom
Aahhkk, spit into the sky and extinguish the

13. sun, but how come
In the future
The location is planet Earth
The time and date is 1999, December
31st
11:59 p.m., the anticipation of what I
think's
about to happen got my heart beatin
We got less than a minute left before the
planet Jupiter
is united into a star
I know it sounds bizarre but it's
mathematics
A specific sign for some of the planet's
inhabitants
Those who understand know what I'm
sayin is accurate
Our country is corrupt from the president
to the cabinet
In the year 2, followed by three 0's
The space probe Galileo, will welcome us
all to channel zero
but how come

14. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipAdBbFqzTY
20
“life out of balance”
Music as a form of
Commentary.
Sound track Music by Philip Glass:
American Minimalist style composer
PGlass - Koyaanisqatsi
1st of a Trilogy.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LFBijDU8PpE
Discussion Points:
• The twentieth century saw many new forms of
music.
• Why do you think so many kinds of new and different
musical genres developed during the twentieth century?
• What kind of experimental music appeals to you?
21
Key Terms

15. • Atonality
• Avant-garde
• Baroque
• Chamber music
• Chromatic scale
• Counterpoint
• Diatonic scale
• Dissonance
• Fugue
• Half-tone
• Harmony
• Hip-hop
• Improvisation
• Key
• Melody
• Octave
• Pentatonic scale
• Ragtime
• Rap
• Rhythm
• Rock
• Rock ’n’ roll
• Scale
• Spiritual
• Symphony
• Syncopation
• Timbre
• Toccata
• Tone
22

16. 23
Listening Questions
1. Name the type of instruments you hear in order of their
appearance. (strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion, keyboard).
2. From what style/period of music is it? Why?
3. Expressive effects: What impressions, images or
mood does this music create for you?
4. What major contrasts or changes do you detect in the
Elements (melody, rhythm, harmony, timbre, dynamics,
texture) and Composition (Repetition, contrast, variation,
theme and development). Explain 3 of them.
5. How do these differences contribute to the music’s
expressiveness?
6. Do you like this piece? Why or Why not? Explain.
The Varieties of
Musical Experience
6.2 Differentiate among varieties of musical experience
2
Music comes in many Styles.
Style Guide: Western Music

17. 1. Medieval
2. Renaissance
3. Baroque
4. Classical*
5. Romantic
6. Modern
7. Contemporary (New Music)
8. Popular (pop)
9. Jazz
*Classical (art or concert) music: is also a generic term for
Western music
older than 1900, plus contemporary art music. Art concert
music may be
more demanding, and complex, but more rewarding too.
3
HISTORICAL MUSICAL STYLES
1. Middle Ages 500-1300s: von Bingen. Plainsong, chant
monophonic. Mostly religious.
2. Renaissance 1400s-mid-1500s. Polyphonic, more secular
concertos. Monteverde.
3. Baroque era (late 1500s-1750).
Vivaldi, Four Seasons. Violin concertos. 1723
J. S. Bach, Toccata and Fugue in D Minor, ca. 1700
Subject: Church hymns. Formal elements: fugue /toccata/
ornamentation
4. Classical era (1750-1800).* W.A. Mozart.
a. Theme and variation. Classical characteristics.

18. b. Opera (voices sing melodic line with orchestra)
5. Romantic era (1800-1900). Beethoven, Tchaikovsky,
Rachmaninoff, Chopin, etc.)
a. Beethoven.Eroica-3rd Symphony in E-flat Major, 1804.
Secular, symphony: 4 mvts, dissonance.
b. Beethoven.9th Symphony, “Ode to Joy” 4th movement. Ca.
1818. orchestra +chorus.
c. Schubert: Art song. Also J. Strauss: waltz. R. Strauss-
Zarathustra - intervals
6. Modern era (1900-1950s)
a. C. Debussy. (1890-1905) Musical impressionism
b. Ravel, “Bolero,” 1928 orchestra ballet
c. Stravinsky, “The Rite of Spring,” 1913. Primitivism.
Dissonance.
d. Scott Joplin. “Rose Leaf Rag.” Syncopation
e. Jazz Improvisation.
7. Post-Modern era (1960s-present).
a. Philip Glass, John Adams. Minimalism. Movie/opera scores.
b. Fusion music
4
“Directions.” Persian poem.
by Sohrab Sepehri, adapted to music
by the fusion* music group Axiom of Choice.
“Where is the friend’s home?”
Asked the rider of the dawn.
The sky paused,
A passerby offered the branch of light

19. Which he held between his lips
To the darkness of the dunes.
Pointing to a willow tree, he said:
Before you reach that tree,
There is a garden lane
Greener than God’s dream.
And there, love is the color of blue
Like the wings of truth. . . .
*Fusion: blend of Contemporary + Traditional
styles. Here: fusion of M. Eastern + Western
instruments supporting Niya Yesh - Iranian singer.
Directions/Greener Than God’s Dream
https://www.google.com/search?safe=active&sa=X&hl=en&auth
user=0&q=axiom+of+choice+greener+than+god's+dream&stick
=H4sIAAAAAAAAAONgFuLSz9U3MCzILaooVOLRT9c3LDT
NMjcvz43XEstOttLPLS3OTNZPLCrJLC6xKs7PSy9-
xBjILfDyxz1hKY9Ja05eY3TiwqFQSIOLzTWvJLOkUkiOi08Ky
SINBikeLiQ-
DwAqqan8iAAAAA&ved=0ahUKEwjau8KEj7reAhXJMd8KHfl
5DigQri4IRQ
5
Middle Ages
MELODY:
• Plainsong or chant:
Hildegard von Bingen.
- Unison.
- Monophonic.
Hildegard von Bingen- Spiritus Sanctus

20. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJEfyZSvg5c&feature=PlayL
ist&p=F2877CBC6883FAFF&index=6
6
RENAISSANCE Style.
Harmony.
1. Polyphony/counterpoint
“Simultaneous production of
tones by voices or
instruments.”
2. Consonance/Dissonance
(cultural)
Renaissance: music ->
increasingly secular.
-- Concerts.
7
Theme &
Variation:
A
Classical
Form
Mozart variations

21. on a Folk Tune
Wolfgang
A. Mozart
Classical qualities:
Harmony
Clarity
Refinement
Proportion, Balance
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=im_tJLeo2qU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=im_tJLeo2qU
8
CLASSICAL STYLE
§ Wolfgang Amadeus
Mozart (1756-1791)
Antonio Salieri
•Clarity
•Harmony
•Balance
•Refinement
•Theme
• and
•Variation
Mozart vs SalieriMovie: Amadeus
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
ciFTP_KRy4&feature=related

22. Italian Baroque Style
The Four Seasons (1725) by composer Antonio Vivaldi
4 violin concertos, performed in
French Gothic style church: Ste Chapelle, Paris (1242-48)
Vivaldi Spring concerto #1 in E major
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-4kTei0XrCs
6.2 Differentiate among varieties of musical experience
including the fugue, the symphony, and the art song.
• A Bach Fugue
– Baroque-era innovation in composition
– Highly ornate and challenging
– Emphasized counterpoint and improvisation
• A Beethoven Symphony
– Expanded the limits of symphony and orchestration
– Created highly emotional musical experiences in
addition to complex ones
11
German Baroque Style
Johann S. BACH
(1685- 1750)
(German Protestant

23. Baroque)
1. Fugue
Polyphonic counterpoint
2. Canon
Counterpoints at intervals
3. Toccata
Freestyle improvisation
12
Catholic Baroque style
Rich “ornamentation.”
Catholic Baroque Style
<- Lutheran Church: simplicity with
subtle ornamentation
Bach’s main church:
Thomaskirche, Leipzig.
Thomaskirche organ.
Religion and style.
Karl
Richter
Bach
toccata &
fugue

24. Bach T+F visualization
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zd_oIFy1mxM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipzR9bhei_o&feature=related
Johann Sebastian Bach, 1746.
Bach, at first considered simply a church organist, eventually
revolutionized
the art of music. Listen to the Toccata and Fugue in D Minor.
What does it make you feel?
Figure 6.4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ho9rZjlsyYY
A romanticized image of Ludwig von Beethoven painted by Carl
Jäger
(1833–1887) in 1870, well after Beethoven’s death.
Beethoven’s symphonies may be the best-known and most
popular works of
classical music in the Western world. Listen to the first
movement of his Third
Symphony, or “Ode to Joy,” the fourth movement of his Ninth
Symphony.
What might account for the vast popularity of Beethoven’s
music?
Figure 6.5

25. A portrait of the Emperor Napoleon by French artist
Jacques-Louis David, 1812.
Beethoven dedicates his Eroica symphony to Napoleon and
heroism.
To what extent is music alone successful in generating
specific emotional experiences?
Beethoven and Napoleon
Napoleon was
Beethoven’s
Inspiration for
Symphony #3 (Eroica)
16
STYLE: ROMANTICISM
19th century (1800s)
BEETHOVEN SYMPHONIES
§ .
Excerpt of score for #9. Finale
“Ode to Joy” with chorus.
Ludwig van Beethoven
(1770-1820)
Beethoven 9TH- Ode to JoyEroica + commentary
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WnOjq7A_U0&feature=rela

26. ted
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wN7FL7cxFIg
The Varieties of Musical Experience
1. Art Songs
– The designation for shorter pieces of music offered the
same compositional intensity as longer symphonies
– Schubert’s “Ava Maria” is one of the most well-known
2. The Musical Avant-Garde
– Seeks to be at the forefront of musical development
– Deliberately defies and rejects older conventions of music
– Igor Stravinksy’s 1913 ballet The Rite of Spring sparked riots.
(Michael Tilson Thomas and musicians play and comment on
the piece).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RiQqPy6qPA0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-yKI6nKmNo
18
ART SONG = LIED
Franz Schubert. Austrian. (1797-1828).
The Lied is a Romantic musical form.
Sometimes it expresses:
Art for the art’s own sake (related in
some ways to visual abstraction).
Schubert used poetry and music for his Lieder or Art Songs.
He also used voices and sounds to create

27. “Program music”: music that is intended to evoke images or
convey the
impression of events. Sometimes written programs would be
offered to
audiences, suggesting imaginative correlations to the music.
19
Cover art for Schubert album.
Franz Schubert, The Trout (Forelle)
Schubert Die Forelle with translation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NF9DrUXowBo
20
From Smetana’s program notes:
The composition depicts the course of the
river , beginning from its two small
sources, one cold, the other warm, the
joining of both streams into one,
then the flow of the Moldau through
forests and across meadows, through the
countryside where merry feasts are
celebrated; water nymphs dance in the
moonlight;
… [past] outlines of ruined castles, the
Moldau swirls … and flows in a broad
stream towards Prague. . .and finally the

28. river disappears in the distance as it flows
majestically into the Elbe.
PROGRAM MUSIC
Listen to an example by another composer:
who created program music in symphonic form
Bedrich Smetana (Czech, 1824-1884).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kdtLuyWuPDs
21
Compare Debussy’s music to paintings by Claude Monet.
“Water lilies.”
MODERN music includes: “Musical Impressionism”
sought to capture:
“moments of experience,”
refined.
Listening Example:
Claire de Lune”
[Moonlight]
Claire de Lune-animated
CLAUDE DEBUSSY, composer (1862-1918)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlvUepMa31o
22

29. Picasso. Les Demoiselles D’ Avignon. 1907.
Igor Stravinsky:
Rite of Spring, 1913.
1. Dissonant
2. Unfamiliar Instrumentation
3. Extreme Dynamics
4. Anti-classical!
“savage”
bold
The Avant Garde: Experimentalists
A version of Avant Garde: “(Neo)Primitivism,” as a style.
(contrast to Neo-Classical Revival)
Fantasia version: Extinction
SF Michael Tilson Thomas on Stravinsky
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M16zasqydUE&feature=relat
ed
http://video.pbs.org/video/1295282238/
Satyagraha, an opera inspired by Gandhi’s early work in S.
Africa.
By American composer Philip Glass (1979. Restaged in 2008).
Figure 6.3 Satyagraha
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCGmbzRz9Ws

30. 6.3 Music Beyond the Concert Hall
Discuss the emergence and impact of various forms of popular
music,
including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, rock and roll, hip-hop, sound
tracks.
• Folk Songs
• The Spiritual and Gospel Music
• Ragtime
• Jazz
• Blues
• Popular Songs
• Hip-Hop and Rap
• What We Listen to Today
1
Discussion Points:
• One way of thinking of music is that it is the shape
given to sound. At different points in history, a
number of concepts have challenged this idea.
• The Greeks invented the Aeolian Harp and we have
wind chimes. Characters in Shakespeare’s plays
speak of the silent “music of the spheres” or the
harmonious vibrations of the planets. Avant-garde
composers have challenged the assumptions we
have of what is music and what is not.
• At what point does sound (or silence) cease to be
music? Can music exist without human intent?

31. P.S. You can see and listen here to an Aeolian Harp in San
Francisco, at the end of Pier 152
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmP5XaNYlkI
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica_universalis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtzSm76ppS4
Music Beyond the Concert Hall
6.3 Various forms of popular music, including folk, jazz, blues,
gospel, rock
and roll, and hip-hop. (2 of 13)
• Folk Songs
• Unlike “art” songs
• Requires no formal training
• Does not subscribe to rigid forms or rules
• 1960s folk revival
• Recounted real events
• Celebrated rogues and outlaws
• Fought for social causes
• Bob Dylan’s music raised folk to high
art.
3
4
Pete Seeger

32. Bob Dylan,
Joan Baez.
FOLK SONGS
There are few esthetic rules,
but folk songs endure.
They give a Sense of Group identity
Types of folk songs:
1. Commemorative
2. Work
3. Accumulation
4. Scoundrel
5. Narrative.
Rye Whiskey - scoundrel
I've been working on the railroad
Old McDonald Had a Farm
- accumulation song
Folk song Revival in 1960s
Dylan-Times Are A-Changing
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVWTeXzgkJE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgINdoXz-ZY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5yvIKMCIPs&feature=relate
d
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2lfz3_bob-dylan-times-
they-are-achangin_music
5

33. Barbara Allen
Sung by Emmy Rossum
Barbara Allen,
sung by Emmy Lou Harris
https://www.google.com/search?q=Barbara+Allen+Sung+by+Em
my+Rossum&oq=Barbara+Allen+Sung+by+Emmy+Rossum&aqs
=chrome..69i57j33.33008j1j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
https://www.google.com/search?q=Barbara+Allen+Sung+by+Em
my+Rossum&oq=Barbara+Allen+Sung+by+Emmy+Rossum&aqs
=chrome..69i57j33.33008j1j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=beEvaxH1jYc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=beEvaxH1jYc
6
AMAZING GRACE
Amazing Grace,
how sweet the sound,
That saved a wretch like me
I once was lost,
but now am found,
Was blind, but now I see.
Amazing Grace is also the title of a 2006 film directed by
Michael Apted
about the campaign against the slave trade in 19th century
Britain, led by
famous abolitionist William Wilberforce, who was responsible
for steering

34. anti-slave trade legislation through the British parliament. The
title is a
reference to the hymn "Amazing Grace" and the film also
recounts John
Newton's writing of the hymn.
Grandma Moses, We Are Coming to Church, 1949.
Moses was a renowned primitive/folk painter. What
elements of this painting parallel those of folk music?
Figure 6.7
7
8
SPIRITUALS, JAZZ and BLUES
“Call
and
Response”
Collages by
Romare Bearden.
Music Beyond the Concert Hall
6.3 Discuss the emergence and impact of various forms of
popular music,
including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, rock and roll, and hip-hop.

35. (3 of 13)
• The Spiritual and Gospel Music
• Spirituals
• Originated in African-American slaves’ desire to preserve
their native heritage.
• Presented God’s concern for the downtrodden
• Gospel Music
• Originated in the more formal church settings
• Added musical complexity to spirituals
9
Music Beyond the Concert Hall
6.3 Discuss the emergence and impact of various forms of
popular music,
including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, rock and roll, and hip-hop.
(6 of 13)
• Jazz
• A fully realized African-American art form
• Borrowed syncopation
• Arose from call-and-response traditions
• Balanced the need for control and soaring release
• Duke Ellington—composer; brought jazz to large
concert halls
• George Gershwin—composed Porgy and Bess, a
jazz opera

36. • Miles Davis—innovator of bebop and cool jazz
10
11
JAZZ and BLUES
• Ragtime: “syncopation”
(shifted accents:
“syllabicate”)
• Jazz: “improvisation”
• Blues: half-tones or
“blue note
Hesitation Blues
Maple Leaf Rag, composed+played
by Scott Joplin syncopation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4n20U8hWHSE
Duke Ellington, c. 1910.
Some scholars label jazz America’s greatest contribution to the
world of
music. Do you agree? What makes jazz uniquely American?
Figure 6.8
It Don’t Mean a Thing, If It Ain’t Got That Swing)

37. 12
It%20Don%252525252560t%20Mean%20A%20Thing%20(if%2
0It%20Ain%252525252560t%20Got%20That%20Swing)
Music Beyond the Concert Hall
6.3 Discuss the emergence and impact of various forms of
popular music,
including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, rock and roll, and hip-hop.
(8 of 13)
• Blues
• Secular songs originating in slavery’s oppression
• Named for the “expressly lowered tone,” the blue note
• Often somber themes of hard life and failed love
• Billy Holiday
• Exemplifies the connection between blues excellence and the
hard-lives of its performers and writers
13
Billie Holiday, c. 1940s.
One central myth of the humanities is that all great artists live
lives full of
pain. Do you agree? Or can happiness also inspire great art?
Figure 6.9
Willow, Weep for Me
14

38. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w82NHDRRGJ0
Music Beyond the Concert Hall
6.3 Discuss the emergence and impact of various forms of
popular music,
including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, rock and roll, and hip-hop.
(5 of 13)
• Ragtime
• Early twentieth century
• Blended European styles and African
American Traditions
• Marked by syncopation
• Scott Joplin’s innovations
15
16
ROCK influenced by: rhythm-and-blues, country-western,
and Non-Western music.
Elvis
Stones
Beatles
Hendrix
Jimi Hendrix-
All Along the

39. Watchtower
You Ain't Nothin But a
Hound Dog
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9WbKBKima4Q
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9WbKBKima4Q
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9WbKBKima4Q
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJsQSb9RFo0
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJsQSb9RFo0
Music Beyond the Concert Hall
6.3 Discuss the emergence and impact of various forms of
popular music,
including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, popular music, rock and roll,
and hip-hop. (10 of 13)
• Popular Music
• Irving Berlin Blue Skies
• Frank Sinatra I Did It My Way
• Rock and Roll—fusion of several styles
• Little Richard Long Tall Sally
• Elvis Presley Heartbreak Hotel
• The Beatles
• The Rolling Stones Gimme Shelter
Beatles: Hard Day's Night
17
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64rulm3CFhg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1t8kAbUg4t4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eFFgbc5Vcbw

40. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e8jAqvmnsIk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RbmS3tQJ7Os
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cD4TAgdS_Xw
Music Beyond the Concert Hall
6.3 Discuss the emergence and impact of various forms of
popular music,
including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, rock and roll, and hip-hop.
(12 of 13)
• Hip Hop and Rap
• Half-sung, half-spoken
• Strong beat
• Verbal dexterity
• Strongest singers
achieve the level of folk poets
Jay Z (Shawn Carter) and
his wife, the singer
Beyoncé Knowles, 2015.
Like Kanye West and his wife
Kim Kardashian, Jay Z and
Beyoncé are cultural icons, not
simply performers.
Does the celebrity
culture we now live in
influence the way you listen to
music? In what ways?
18
Beyonce, Single Ladies

41. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m1EFMoRFvY
19
“How Come” Youssou N’Dour (2000)
Yo -
As the universe expands
I contemplate whether it was God
or the Big Bang that made man Sometimes I
wonder how come
We cant live without guns
What would of been the outcome
if the South won
Think about that son
What in the hell caused the assassination of
Malcolm
The federal communications commission
listens to politicians in the position
to Make certain decisions
like puttin minorities in prison
To decimating the population of women
It's called socialism
From the United States to the United Kingdom
Aahhkk, spit into the sky and extinguish the
sun, but how come

42. In the future
The location is planet Earth
The time and date is 1999, December
31st
11:59 p.m., the anticipation of what I
think's
about to happen got my heart beatin
We got less than a minute left before the
planet Jupiter
is united into a star
I know it sounds bizarre but it's
mathematics
A specific sign for some of the planet's
inhabitants
Those who understand know what I'm
sayin is accurate
Our country is corrupt from the president
to the cabinet
In the year 2, followed by three 0's
The space probe Galileo, will welcome us
all to channel zero
but how come
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipAdBbFqzTY

43. 20
“life out of balance”
Music as a form of
Commentary.
Sound track Music by Philip Glass:
American Minimalist style composer
PGlass - Koyaanisqatsi
1st of a Trilogy.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LFBijDU8PpE
Discussion Points:
• The twentieth century saw many new forms of
music.
• Why do you think so many kinds of new and different
musical genres developed during the twentieth century?
• What kind of experimental music appeals to you?
21
Key Terms
• Atonality
• Avant-garde

44. • Baroque
• Chamber music
• Chromatic scale
• Counterpoint
• Diatonic scale
• Dissonance
• Fugue
• Half-tone
• Harmony
• Hip-hop
• Improvisation
• Key
• Melody
• Octave
• Pentatonic scale
• Ragtime
• Rap
• Rhythm
• Rock
• Rock ’n’ roll
• Scale
• Spiritual
• Symphony
• Syncopation
• Timbre
• Toccata
• Tone
22
23

45. Listening Questions
1. Name the type of instruments you hear in order of their
appearance. (strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion, keyboard).
2. From what style/period of music is it? Why?
3. Expressive effects: What impressions, images or
mood does this music create for you?
4. What major contrasts or changes do you detect in the
Elements (melody, rhythm, harmony, timbre, dynamics,
texture) and Composition (Repetition, contrast, variation,
theme and development). Explain 3 of them.
5. How do these differences contribute to the music’s
expressiveness?
6. Do you like this piece? Why or Why not? Explain.