Running head: BASELINE OF ANXIETY ATTACKS 1 BASELINE OF ANXIETY ATTACKJS 2 Baseline of Anxiety Attacks Kipsey Broussard Liberty University The behavior that I observed over a seven-day period was anxiety attacks. I am used to having several anxieties attacks a day and have learned to deal with them, although it does not get any easier. For this study I have used an app on my phone that charts my attacks. I have done this for about six months but will only use the data from a one-week period. Anxiety is defined as a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, typically about an imminent event or something with an uncertain outcome. For this experiment I will chart the amount of anxiety attacks in a 24-hour period over the course of seven days. The method of treatment I will be using is 250 mgs of the plant root Kava. Kava has been found to be very successful in the treatment of anxiety. The dosage I will be taking is 250 mg as a single dose. I will then monitor the frequency and duration of my anxiety attacks to see if Kava will be beneficial in the treatment of my attacks. Baseline phase started on September 23rd, 2018 and concluded on September 30th, 2018. I kept track of all attacks no matter if it was a large attack or a small attack. An app on my phone was used for Baseline phase and for treatment phase. When the baseline phase was completed it was then transferred from my phone into a seven-day graph. Because I do normally chart my attacks using the app on my phone, I have an extensive baseline. For this research I will only use the information for the week prior to treatment. This is a baseline for the number of anxiety attacks for the week before the week of the actual treatment phase. Each day of the week is graphed along with the number of anxiety attacks for that day. Baseline Of Anxiety Attacks Column3 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 4 3 5 5 3 4 2 Column2 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Column1 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Running head: UNDERSTANDING ANXIETY 2 UNDERSTANDING ANXIETY 2 Anxiety: What is it and how to treat it? Kipsey Broussard Liberty University Abstract Anxiety can be scary and debilitating. There are several forms of anxiety that are defined in the DSM-5 and the ICD 10. Anxiety affects twice as many women as men. Anxiety disorders account for a large quantity of the mental illnesses today. “This makes it the most prevalent mental health condition.” (Craske & Stein, 2016) Anxiety is so widely spread that one in fourteen people around the world have been diagnosed with some form of anxiety disorder. Anxiety is defined as “chronic and persistent worry.” (Stein & Sareen, 2015) This paper will discuss the signs and symptoms if different types of anxiety and will also look at different types of treatment. Physicians and psychologists have come a long way in understanding and tre.

1. Running head: BASELINE OF ANXIETY ATTACKS 1
BASELINE OF ANXIETY ATTACKJS 2
Baseline of Anxiety Attacks
Kipsey Broussard
Liberty University
The behavior that I observed over a seven-day period was
anxiety attacks. I am used to having several anxieties attacks a
day and have learned to deal with them, although it does not get
any easier. For this study I have used an app on my phone that
charts my attacks. I have done this for about six months but will
only use the data from a one-week period. Anxiety is defined as
a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, typically about an
imminent event or something with an uncertain outcome. For
this experiment I will chart the amount of anxiety attacks in a
24-hour period over the course of seven days. The method of
treatment I will be using is 250 mgs of the plant root Kava.
Kava has been found to be very successful in the treatment of
anxiety. The dosage I will be taking is 250 mg as a single dose.

2. I will then monitor the frequency and duration of my anxiety
attacks to see if Kava will be beneficial in the treatment of my
attacks. Baseline phase started on September 23rd, 2018 and
concluded on September 30th, 2018. I kept track of all attacks
no matter if it was a large attack or a small attack. An app on
my phone was used for Baseline phase and for treatment phase.
When the baseline phase was completed it was then transferred
from my phone into a seven-day graph. Because I do normally
chart my attacks using the app on my phone, I have an extensive
baseline. For this research I will only use the information for
the week prior to treatment.
This is a baseline for the number of anxiety attacks for the
week before the week of the actual treatment phase. Each day of
the week is graphed along with the number of anxiety attacks
for that day.
Baseline Of Anxiety Attacks
Column3 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday
Thursday Friday Saturday 4 3 5 5 3 4
2 Column2 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday
Thursday Friday Saturday Column1 Sunday
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Saturday

3. Running head: UNDERSTANDING ANXIETY 2
UNDERSTANDING ANXIETY 2
Anxiety: What is it and how to treat it?
Kipsey Broussard
Liberty University
Abstract
Anxiety can be scary and debilitating. There are several
forms of anxiety that are defined in the DSM-5 and the ICD 10.
Anxiety affects twice as many women as men. Anxiety disorders
account for a large quantity of the mental illnesses today. “This
makes it the most prevalent mental health condition.” (Craske &
Stein, 2016) Anxiety is so widely spread that one in fourteen
people around the world have been diagnosed with some form of
anxiety disorder. Anxiety is defined as “chronic and persistent
worry.” (Stein & Sareen, 2015) This paper will discuss the signs

4. and symptoms if different types of anxiety and will also look at
different types of treatment. Physicians and psychologists have
come a long way in understanding and treating anxiety disorders
today.
Introduction
Fear and anxiety go hand-in-hand. According to
Miltenberger, “a fear is composed of both operant and
respondent behavior. A person is afraid of a certain stimulus.
The bodily respondent behavior is fear.” (p. 490, 2016) There
are eight different forms of anxiety defined in the DSM-5 and
ICD-10 manuals. In each of the different types of anxiety the
first symptom listed is “marked fear.” This coincides with
Miltenberger’s definition of fear listed above. There are many
tools and methods used in the aide of diagnosis. Although there
is medical testing to diagnose anxiety disorders, disorders in
adults are usually done in a clinical setting with structured
interviews. As of 2016 the pathophysiology of anxiety and
anxiety disorders were poorly understood. Not only is anxiety
diagnosed alone but it is also an important symptom when it
comes to diagnosing other mental health issues and substance
use disorders.

5. Research, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Through much research, clinicians and doctors alike have
been able to separate and diagnose several different types of
anxiety. The different types of anxiety that are outlined are:
separation anxiety disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety
disorder, panic disorders, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety
disorder, anxiety disorders associated with a mental condition,
substance induced anxiety, and illness anxiety
(hypochondriasis) (Cranske & Stein, 2016). Because different
forms of anxiety can mimic one another the diagnosing
physician will need to investigate the patients associated beliefs
or cognitions to properly diagnose which form of anxiety the
patient is suffering from. Through research it is known that
adults 55 years or older have a 20% less chance of developing
an anxiety disorder than the population between 35-54 years of
age. There are many risk factors for anxiety. Many children who
suffer from child abuse, sexual abuse and have a parent who
suffers from a mental disorder are more likely to develop an
anxiety disorder over the course of their life.
One form of treatment has risen the ladder in the last
decade. This is treatment through online e-mental health. A
great deal of patients have a hard time opening when they are in
a face-to-face setting. Through online help the patient can be
comfortable in their own setting. Klein, Meyer, Austin & Kyrios
did a research study testing the effectiveness of five fully
automated self-help cognitive behaviors (2011). This research
study was conducted for a 12-week period. The study was done
based on each of the 225 patients choosing one of the five e-
therapies treatments. The findings showed reduced anxiety
disorder in people who were clinically diagnosed, increased
confidence in the patient management of self-care, a decrease in
the total number on clinical diagnosis and improved quality of

6. life overall (Klein et al, 2011). Another study was done on the
efficacy of treatment for anxiety disorder. The research was on
the 3 main forms of anxiety disorder. The three disorders are
panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and social phobia.
There are ten different medications that are being used in the
treatment of anxiety disorder. These medications are Selective
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), serotonin-noradrenaline
reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), pregabalin, tricyclic
antidepressants, benzodiazepines, moclobemide, phenelzine,
buspirone, and hydrozyzine (Bandelow, Reitt, Rover, Michaelis,
Gorlich & Wedeking, 2011). Patients were chosen using the
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). 234
patients were studied pre-treatment and post-treatment. The
study showed that anti-anxiety drugs worked better and quicker
than psychological therapies. Ultimately the research has
concluded that the choice between medication or psychotherapy
should be left up to the patient. A study has shown that the use
of benzodiazepine, such as zanex or valium, used with a SSRI
works very well but patients like the benzos because they are a
rapid treatment. Thus, the patients do not want the SSRI
anymore (Rov-Byrne, 2015).
Self-Treatment for Anxiety I intend on using herbal
medications to treat my anxiety over pharmaceuticals such as
benzodiazepines, due to the fact that they are highly addicting,
and I have already fought that battle early in my life. I have
suffered from anxiety since I was 16. Although there are many
promising herbs there is only one that has shown effective in

7. treating anxiety. This herb is piper methysticum better known as
Kava. On the down side Kava has been shown to be associated
with hepatotoxicity. Although there can be negative
consequences I believe it to be better than the side effects of
pharmaceuticals and therefore this is the self-treatment that I
am going to use. Along with Kava passionflower was also
shown to help with Anxiety (Dave, Vishnupriya & Gayathri,
2016). I will be using token economy in my self-treatment.
Token economy is defined as giving a token when desirable
behavior is shown. The tokens can then be traded in for back-up
reinforcers. (Miltenberger, 2016). Since I have agoraphobia and
generalized anxiety disorder I do not like to go anywhere
crowded or even into a restaurant by myself to eat. Therefore,
an example for my treatment would be walking into a crowded
store or starting a conversation with a stranger at a get-together.
If I successfully do this several times I could trade in my tokens
for a treat such as Starbucks or a pedicure. I will try my self-
treatment method over the course of the next couple of weeks
using herbal alternative medications and token economy. I have
suffered with anxiety for most of my life and look forward to
testing these two treatments.Conclusion With anxiety being
one of the highest diagnosed mental health disorders there is no
wonder so many medications are available for treatment.
Studies have been done on both pharmaceuticals and herbal
alternative medicine. Both forms have been shown to do
remarkable things in patients. Which one ultimately rest on the
patient’s shoulders. Some patients may even try both forms
before making a decision. Anxiety has circled the globe for
thousands of years with so many forms having the same or
similar symptoms. It was not until 1984 that the DSM-IV was
rewritten so that doctors, clinics & psychologists could
diagnose patients into the right category. Leaps and bounds
have been made in understanding and treating anxiety in the
world today. ‘Because fear is one of the main symptoms of
anxiety, the fear needs to be addressed first and foremost. By
doing that the physician can better understand why the patient is

8. suffering from this disorder. I know where my fears lie and
what brought me to them. That was the first step in my course
of treatment. You can not address a behavior if you do not know
what first started it. Anxiety needs to be broken down so that
each piece can be looked at. With the help of the DSM-IV,
physicians, herbs, and medications the world does not have to
feel chronic and persistent worry.References
Bandelow, B., Michaelis, S., & Wedekind, D. (2017). Treatment
of anxiety disorders.Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 19(2),
93.Craske, M. G., & Stein, M. B. (2016). Anxiety. The
Lancet, 388(10063), 3048-3059.
doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1016/S0140-
6736(16)30381-6Dave, P. H., Vishnupriya, V., & Gayathri, R.
(2016). Herbal remedies for anxiety and depression-A
review. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 9(8),
1253. doi:10.5958/0974-360X.2016.00237.7Klein, B., Meyer,
D., Austin, D. W., & Kyrios, M. (2011). Anxiety online: A
virtual clinic: Preliminary outcomes following completion of
five fully automated treatment programs for anxiety disorders
and symptoms. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13(4),
e89. doi:10.2196/jmir.1918Miltenberger, R.G. (2016) Behavior
Modifications. Boston, MA: Cengage LearningRoy-Byrne, P.
(2015). Treatment-refractory anxiety; definition, risk factors,
and treatment challenges. Dialogues in Clinical
Neuroscience, 17(2), 191.
Running head: TREATMENT PHASE REPORT
2
2

9. Treatment Phase Report
Kipsey Broussard
Liberty University
Treatment Phase Report
Target Behavior
My target behavior are anxiety attacks. The Merriam-
Webster definition of anxiety says-1.” Apprehensive uneasiness
or nervousness usually over an impending or anticipated illness;
a state of being anxious, 2. an abnormal and overwhelming
sense of apprehension and fear often marked by physical signs
(such as tension, sweating, and increased pulse rate), by doubt
concerning the reality and nature of the threat, and by self-
doubt about ones capacity to cope with it.” I have suffered most
of my adult life with this.

10. Treatment Method
After doing much research I decided to try the herbal alternative
of Kava rather than pharmaceuticals due to the adverse effects. I
normally suffer some form of anxiety everyday with some
attacks being major and some attacks small and easily
manageable. I am very excited to see how the Kava will work.
Most of the research on Kava has shown its potential for
reducing anxiety. I bought the Kava at a local herb shop in
Texas. The recommended dose is 250mg a day.
Treatment Period
Treatment for the anxiety attacks will run from September
23rd, 2018 to September 30th, 2018. The herbal supplement
Piper Methysticm better known as Kava will be the treatment
method use. It will be taken as a single dose of 250mg taken in
the morning. Baseline phase will be transferred from an app on
my mobile device. Baseline phase will be seven days and
compared to treatment phase which will be seven days.
Treatment phase will be entered into the app each time and
anxiety attack occurs.

11. Experiment Narrative
I used an AB research design which consist of a baseline
with no treatment and a treatment phase. For both the baseline
phase and treatment phase I used an app on my cell phone
because it's always in my possession The app helps me keep
track. The Kava will be taken as a single dose after breakfast.
The only variable that may impact the experience will be taking
the Kava with food. There is no research either way.
Monday
I
II
I
Tuesday
I
II
Wednesday
I
I

12. Thursday
I
Friday
I
Saturday
II
Sunday
I
Severe
Moderate
Slight
None
Dimension
Treatment started on September 23rd, 2018 and continued
through September 30th, 2018. On the first day I took 250mg of
Kava at 9:00 A.M. following breakfast. I did not feel any
different on day one. I suffered four anxiety attacks during the
course of my awake time. On day two I took 250mg of Kava at
7:30 A.M. On day two I felt more relaxed and not so anxious. I
did have three anxiety attacks throughout the 15 hours I was
awake, one major and two minor on day three I woke at 8:00
A.M. I had an anxiety attack because I knew I had an errand to
run. I took 250mg of Kava and soon felt relaxed enough to start

13. my day. I had a single attack while I was out. Kava seems to be
helping me, on day found I woke at 7:30 A.M. and decided to
try and break the dose in two. I was anxiety free. I started to
feel as though this was a miracle from God. On day five I
continued to break the dose in two. I had one small attack but
nothing I could not handle. On the last day of my trial I had no
attacks. This research was amazing. Kava will be part of my
daily routine now.
Number of Attacks and Intensity figure 4
Summery of Treatment
My research was based on a period of two weeks. The first week
was transferred from an app on my mobile phone to a graph that
represented the number of anxiety attacks suffered daily for a
seven day period. The second week consisted of a seven day
treatment phase. Each morning immediately following breakfast
a dose of the natural herb Kava was taken with water. The
recommended dose is 250mg. On the first day no change was
noticed in the frequency, duration, or intensity of the anxiety
attacks. Day one four attacks occurred. On day two 250mg of
Kava was taken as a single dose. I seemed to be relaxed. Day
two consisted of two attacks: 1 major and 2 minor. On day three
250mg was taken as a single dose and there were two attacks: 1
manageable and one small attack. Day four the Kava was broken
down into two doses, one in the morning and one in the late
afternoon. I was attack free on day four. Day five the dosage

14. was taken in two parts and suffered on e small attack. Day six
the Kava was taken in two doses and two small attacks
occurred. On the final day the Kava does was split again and
there were no attacks. I think Kava is a miracle from God. Kava
will remain a part of my daily routine.
Summary of Treatment Figure 5
Severe Day one 250mg Day two 250mg Day three
250mg Day four 150mg/150mg Day five 150mg/150mg
Day six 150mg/150mg Day seven 150mg/150mg 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 Moderate Day on e 250mg
Day two 250mg Day three 250mg Day four
150mg/150mg Day five 150mg/150mg Day six 150mg/150mg
Day seven 150mg/150mg 2 1 0 0 0 0
Minor Day one 250mg Day two 250mg Day
three 250m g Day four 150mg/150mg Day five
150mg/150mg Day six 150mg/150mg Day seven
150mg/150mg 1 2 1 0 1 2 0 None
Day one 250mg Day two 250mg Day three 2
50mg Day four 150mg/150mg Day five
150mg/150mg Day six 150mg/150mg Day seven
150mg/150mg 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Baseline of Anxiety Attacks Figure 1
Series 1 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday
Thursday Friday Saturday 4 3 5 5 3 4
5

15. Treatment & Baseline Graph Figure 2
treatment Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday
Thursday Friday Saturday 4 5 5 3 4 2
5 baseline Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday
Thursday Friday Saturday 3 2 0 0 1 3
0
Weekly amounts of Kava Figure 3
Mg Mon Tue Wed Thur Fri Sat Sun 250 250 125 125
125 125 125