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The End Game of Public Policy Before a policy can be created, a problem must exist that is called to the attention of the government. Illegal immigration, for example, has been going on for many years, but it was not until the 1990s that enough people considered it such a serious problem that it required increased government action. Another example is crime. American society tolerates a certain level of crime; however, when crime rises dramatically or is perceived to be rising dramatically, it becomes an issue for policymakers to address. Consistent and effective policies at the federal level are critical to the success of government and nonprofit organizations. What factors determine a successful vs. ineffective public policy? Write a 3–4 page paper in which you do the following: Using a policy from the topic you chose in assignment 3: Provide a thorough background and history of your chosen policy. This should include what underlying issue the policy was intended to address, who the major influencers were in creating the policy, and when it was officially adopted. In your opinion, was the policy a success or failure? Why? Be sure to list at least one positive and one negative outcome of the policy. Defend your position with substantial professional information and statistics. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: This course requires the use of Strayer Writing Standards. For assistance and information, please refer to the Strayer Writing Standards link in the left-hand menu of your course. A minimum of three professional references (Wikipedia is not accepted in this class). The specific course learning outcome associated with this assignment is: Research a public policy in a government or nonprofit organization to determine its effectiveness. .

Education

This course requires the use of Strayer Writing Standards. For
assistance and information, please refer to the Strayer Writing
Standards link in the left-hand menu of your course.
A minimum of three professional references (Wikipedia is not
accepted in this class).
The specific course learning outcome associated with this
assignment is:
Research a public policy in a government or nonprofit
organization to determine its effectiveness.

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Chapter 9 Many businesses have utilized the services of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), well known for its role in shaping conservative legislation and lobbying influence. It has advocated against health care reform, to reduce state taxes on businesses, and to limit the political influence of labor unions. ALEC also was instrumental in many states in the creation of “stand your ground” laws, under which citizens were given the right to use guns or other weapons to protect themselves against assailants. After the public back- lash in the Treyvon Martin case in 2012—in which a black teenager was shot to death in Florida and his assailant defended his actions by claiming protection under Florida’s “stand your ground” law—many businesses began to distance themselves from ALEC. In 2012 Walmart joined other firms, such as Amazon.com, Coca-Cola, Kraft Foods, McDonald’s, General Electric, Sprint Nextel, and a dozen more, bending to pressure from civil rights groups. Walmart was the largest seller of firearms in the country and the largest employer of black workers and thus particularly vulnerable to protests surrounding the Treyvon Martin case. Walmart’s public affairs vice president explained the company’s action by saying, “ALEC had strayed from its core mission to advance the Jeffersonian principles of free markets.” One industry that has been active in the political arena is solar power. Because solar energy has historically been more expensive to produce than fossil fuel energy, the industry has relied heavily on government incentives and subsidies to level the playing field. Although some major energy companies have entered the solar business, most of the 3,400 solar companies in the United States are small, such as Namasté Solar, a Boulder, Colorado, firm of 60 employees that installs solar energy systems for commercial and residential customers. The solar industry’s trade association, the Solar Energy Industries Association, has been very active in government affairs and advocacy, winning a number of policy victories. The federal stimulus bills of 2008 and 2009 provided tax credits, grants, and loans for solar installations and companies that made solar equipment (one of which, Solyndra, later failed). States—such as Hawaii, which required all new construc- tion to have solar water heaters by 2010—and cities—such as Berkeley, California, which loans money to residents to install solar panels—have also helped the industry with friendly policies.1 As the examples above demonstrate, many businesses—big and small—have become active participants in the political process to promote a variety of goals, from supporting organizations charged with developing legislation to support economic development and job growth to lobbying government regulators through a trade association to receive tax credits and grants. They are not always successful, however, as seen in the political partnership of businesses with ALEC, which took on a ...

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MBA 665 Final Project Milestone Three Guidelines and Rubric Overview: The final project for this course is the creation of an impact of governmental action on a business paper. For Milestone Three you will submit the Analysis section of your final project, which is Section II of the critical elements. Your analysis should include answers to all the questions in the Analysis section on business environment, sustainability, internal resources, communication, company image, response, impact, and external resources. Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed: I. Analysis: After submitting your overview, your boss is having second thoughts about bringing Jack Harris and his firm, Crisis Consulting, on board. Before he makes his final decision he has asked you to provide him with a thorough analysis of the situation faced by your business. He asks you to prepare a memorandum to him (the CEO) analyzing the situation that your business faces as well as the resources that are available to it. Address the following: A. Business Environment: Based on your analysis of the governmental action or political challenge, what will be the impact of the governmental action or political challenge on the business’s financial situation and operations? Does the action represent an opportunity or a threat? B. Sustainability: Based on your analysis of the governmental action or political challenge, how will the governmental action or political challenge impact the sustainability of the business? C. Internal Resources: Evaluate the internal resources of the company, including the business project teams that are available to respond to the opportunity or threat. In other words, is the business adequately organized to address the opportunity or threat? D. Communication: How has information about the situation been communicated to various stakeholders? For example, have any public hearings been held? Have the radio, newspapers, or social media been used? E. Company Image: Assess how the situation has affected the company’s public image. Has the impact been primarily positive or negative? If the impact has been primarily negative, what are the positive aspects in addition to the negative aspects? If the impact has been primarily positive, what are the negative aspects in addition to the positive aspects? F. Response: What are the potential courses of action to respond to the situation in the current macroeconomic and business environment? In other words, what is the range of options for the business in this situation? G. Impact: How will these courses of action impact the business? Make sure to consider both short- and long-term impacts, including operational, financial, and ethical implications. H. External Resources: Evaluate the roles and functions of third parties or external resources in the situation. Consider questions such as these in your response: How will lobbyists be involved in the situation? .

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1 by Dr. Edward Hale Posted Oct 14, 2019 The Unit 3 Discussion Board (DB) is an exploration of policy writing – and the reasons they are created. Policies Address Problems In your criminal justice career, it is quite possible that you will be tasked with developing a crime reduction strategy that is based on a crime causation theory. Whether you are in a public agency or in a private corporation, crime reduction issues are frequently tied to funding sources of problems. First, the root problem must be identified. Second, a plan must be developed to address or fix it. Plans frequently turn into policies, if they are found to be effective. Proposed Policy In this exercise, we will link a policy proposal to a crime causation theory. When working for an agency, city or private organization, the following would be included: • The purpose of the policy. What is the underlying problem that necessitates the creation of a policy? • What is the overarching theory that is guiding the creation of the policy? • What are the anticipated benefits? • Provide a comparison of the benefits and disadvantages of the proposed policy. • Provide an action plan that shows how it will be implemented. Whenever you make a proposal, you will get proponents, as well as opponents, of your proposal. Some people will agree with you and some will disagree. You’ll need to be prepared to describe the advantages of your policy proposal, as well as being prepared to counter the alleged disadvantages to your proposal. A policy proposal will be made to the stakeholders – and you will have to determine who the stakeholders are. Your stakeholders could be city commissioners, jail commanders, community activists or other key players who have a stake in the outcome of your policy, if it is implemented. Social Environment Let’s return to the issue of crime causation. What is it? Crime causation simply explains the causes of crime. In this context, the roots of crime are oftentimes found in the social environment, which includes: • The family • Schools Unit 3 Discussion Board How to Write a Policy 2 • Peer groups • The workplace • The community • Society Is there a crime fighting strategy (or a policy) that would directly or indirectly address any of these root causes? Crime Causation Theories Crime causation has six different theories that describe crime. Click on any of the following to read more about them: 1. Strain Theory 4. Labeling Theory 2. Social Learning Theory 5. Social Disorganization Theory 3. Control Theory 6. Critical Theories These theories focus on different features of the social environment and they provide different reasons why the social environment causes crime. Root Problems Some crime causation theories focus on individual differences in crime, while others explain group differences in crime. For example, some communiti ...

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Identify a federal or state policy/program that has either been proposed or already exists. Complete a policy/program analysis using a policy analysis model that has been discussed in class. - The social issue that it addresses that is your primary concern. In completing this paper, you should identify not only the policy, but include a brief discussion of the process related to the policy, i.e. when the policy was introduced? What was the political and social context within which it arose? What social problem was it intended to address? In other words, answer all questions put forth in your chosen analysis model. Your paper should be a minimum of 10 pages in length, NOT including the title page, abstract, and reference pages. Students are to use Times New Roman, with 12-point font size and the current APA reference manual for source quotation and references. Ten (10) sources are required for this paper. Must include in text citations Examples of policies that may be analyzed include the following: The Amended Americans with Disabilities Act of 2008 The Immigration Act of 1990 The Affordable Care Act of 2010 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 The Patriot Act Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 2001 BE CERTAIN TO USE THE HEADINGS BELOW. The policy paper should include the following components . 1 - Title Page, name of your analysis, your name, and institutional affiliation. 2 - Nature of the Problem. What is the nature of the problem? How is it defined? Who defined it as a problem? 3 - History and current status of policy, previous efforts that have been made to solve the problem and reasons the problem still exists. What earlier policies dealt with the problem? 4 - Population Affected by Policy - What is the population affected by the policy? What is the size of the population? Characteristics which define the population? 5 - Social Values - What social values are related to the problem? Are there any value conflicts? 6 - Goals of Policy - What are the goals of the policy, both stated and implied? 7 - Public Perception - This section will discuss how any stakeholders, voting public, the press, and legislators may feel about the issue. You should identify groups that would support or oppose a policy. Summarize competing views represented by the opposing side. 8 - Delivery System - How will policy be carried out? Who will provide what services? What are eligibility rules? What are its benefits? 9 - Alternative Solution s - What alternatives are there to solve problems identified? 10 - Cost Effectiveness and Outcomes - How cost effective is the policy? How is it funded? Does it meet its goals? Does it address the social problem that it is intended to address? What are its intended consequences? Who will bear the brunt of the program’s costs? 11 - Potential Effects - Explain any unintended consequences and ways they can be solved. 12 - Strengths and .

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Business and Government Relations: How Do Government and Business Interact? The Sustainable Business Casebook, v.1 By: Ross Gittell, Matt Magnusson and Michael Merenda 2012 Since businesses are strongly affected by public policies, it is in their best interest to stay informed about public policies and to try to influence governmental decision making and public policy. There are different general ways that businesses view and act on their relationship with government. One perspective is for businesses to consider business and government on “two sides” and in opposition to each other. Some have argued that this was the prevailing dominant mainstream business view in the aftermath of the Great Recession at the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century. It has been characterized as the “antiregulatory” or “limited government” view, and it has been associated with those who believe that free markets with a minimal government role is best for the workings of the economy. This perspective most often focuses businesses’ interactions with government on efforts to minimize government and reduce the costs and burdens on private business and the general economy associated with government taxes, regulations, and policies. Another business perspective on government is that government should favor businesses and incentivize business performance and investment because businesses are the main source of jobs, innovation, and societal economic well-being, and therefore government should support businesses with grants, tax credits, and subsidies. A third general view of businesses and government relations is with business in partnership with government in addressing societal matters. This is in contrast to government being the regulator to ensure businesses act in a socially responsible manner. These views are not mutually exclusive. For example, the same solar business can use some of its interaction with government to try to maximize the benefits, such as favorable tax credits, it receives from government and at the same time work in partnership with government to achieve a social purpose, such as reducing carbon emissions, and then try to minimize its tax obligations. It is also important, as described by Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) CEO Peter Darbee, that the focus of business and government relationships should be on the type of policies required in response to societal challenges rather than an ideological response about the proper role of government in a free market economy. Sustainable businesses tend to focus on their responsibility to the environment and societal impact and also tend to recognize that government policies and programs are often necessary to help them achieve their objectives and therefore are inclined to try to work with and even partner with government to achieve desired ends. It is always important for sustainable businesses to understand how their efforts to achieve profits and to serve a social purpose are both strong ...

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The economy is driven by data ~ Data sustains an organization’s business processes and enables it to deliver products and services. Stop the flow of data, and for many companies, business comes quickly to a halt. Those who understand its value and have the ability to manage related risks will have a competitive advantage. If the loss of data lasts long enough, the viability of an organization to survive may come into question. What is the significant difference between quality assurance & quality control? Explain Why is there a relationship between QA/QC and risk management? Explain Why are policies needed to govern data both in transit and at rest (not being used - accessed)? Explain .

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The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial MarketsFourth E.docx

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The Emerging Role of Data Scientists on Software Development Teams Miryung Kim UCLA Los Angeles, CA, USA [email protected] Thomas Zimmermann Robert DeLine Andrew Begel Microsoft Research Redmond, WA, USA {tzimmer, rdeline, andrew.begel}@microsoft.com ABSTRACT Creating and running software produces large amounts of raw data about the development process and the customer usage, which can be turned into actionable insight with the help of skilled data scientists. Unfortunately, data scientists with the analytical and software engineering skills to analyze these large data sets have been hard to come by; only recently have software companies started to develop competencies in software-oriented data analytics. To understand this emerging role, we interviewed data scientists across several product groups at Microsoft. In this paper, we describe their education and training background, their missions in software engineering contexts, and the type of problems on which they work. We identify five distinct working styles of data scientists: (1) Insight Providers, who work with engineers to collect the data needed to inform decisions that managers make; (2) Modeling Specialists, who use their machine learning expertise to build predictive models; (3) Platform Builders, who create data platforms, balancing both engineering and data analysis concerns; (4) Polymaths, who do all data science activities themselves; and (5) Team Leaders, who run teams of data scientists and spread best practices. We further describe a set of strategies that they employ to increase the impact and actionability of their work. Categories and Subject Descriptors: D.2.9 [Management] General Terms: Management, Measurement, Human Factors. 1. INTRODUCTION Software teams are increasingly using data analysis to inform their engineering and business decisions [1] and to build data solutions that utilize data in software products [2]. The people who do collection and analysis are called data scientists, a term coined by DJ Patil and Jeff Hammerbacher in 2008 to define their jobs at LinkedIn and Facebook [3]. The mission of a data scientist is to transform data into insight, providing guidance for leaders to take action [4]. One example is the use of user telemetry data to redesign Windows Explorer (a tool for file management) for Windows 8. Data scientists on the Windows team discovered that the top ten most frequent commands accounted for 81.2% of all of invoked commands, but only two of these were easily accessible from the command bar in the user interface 8 [5]. Based on this insight, the team redesigned the user experience to make these hidden commands more prominent. Until recently, data scientists were found mostly on software teams whose products were data-intensive, like internet search and adver- tising. Today, we have reached an inflection point where many.

The Emerging Role of Data Scientists on Software Developmen.docx

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The Earth's largest phylum is Arthropoda, including centipedes, millipedes, crustaceans, and insects. The insects have shown to be a particularly successful class within the phylum. What biological characteristics have contributed to the success of insects? I'm many science fiction scenarios, post-apocalyptic Earth is mainly populated with giant insects. Why don't we see giant insects today? 250-500 words done by 12:40pm today which is about two hours from now. Cite work. .

The Earths largest phylum is Arthropoda, including centipedes, mill.docx

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The economic and financial crisis from 2008 to 2009, also known as the global financial crisis, was considered to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. The general situation of financial markets has been additionally complicated by the introduction of new financial products as well as other modes of operations including globalization. The global financial market seems to be playing a different function in our economy and it has been working because of new regulations. The introduction of new trade platforms, online access to information, integration and globalization of the market have caused some revisions of finance theories. What are reliable predictors of economic and financial crises (list at least 3 of them)? Describe some achievements and some pending issues in context of a global crisis. Are we still in danger of economic and financial crises today (please refer to current Covid-19 situation)? Instructions: Conduct research from viable and credible sources such as and not limited to economic journals, periodicals, books, data base, and websites. This assignment should be submitted/uploaded via D2L on the date the assignment is due. Any late assignments will be subject to a letter grade reduction unless an extension has been negotiated with the professor prior to the due date. In this written assignment, the quality of your writing and the application of APA format will be evaluated in addition to your content. Evaluation based on these criteria is designed to help prepare you for completing your college projects, which must be well written and follow APA guidelines. Each written assignment should contain a minimum of 800 words, but no more than 900 words. Make sure that you use correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation. .

The economic and financial crisis from 2008 to 2009, also known .docx

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The Economic Development Case Study is a two-part assignment – the written paper and video presentation. Economic Development Case studies must be posted prior to April 19th to receive approval. Case studies are approved on first posted basis – case studies must be unique, and students are required to review previously posted case studies to alleviate duplicate case studies. The first part of the assignment is to write a paper on a local (San Bernardino or Riverside counties) economic development. You may identify a case as reported from a city’s website, local newspapers, or other quality source. Remember, a low-quality source, or insufficient information from your sources, will affect the quality of your grade for this assignment. The Economic Development project cannot have been completed. Your case study should be approximately 750~1000 words long. In your case study paper, you should briefly describe the following: • Introduction to the economic development case • Identify the role government played • Identify the role of the public, if any • Economic impact to the community – What is the economic impact to the community? How will it benefit or not benefit the community? • Analysis – What is your analysis of the project? • Conclusion – Where is the project currently? Instructions for the case study: go to Economic Development Case Study – Submit Here Scoring Rubric for Economic Development Case Study Paper Criteria Exceptional (15 - 13 points) Very Good (13 – 11.25 points) Acceptable (11.25 – 9 points) Unacceptable (8 points or less) Content Provides an accurate and complete description of the case. All sources of facts and examples are fully documented. The case is original. Case was approved. For the most part, description of the case accurate and complete. Most sources of facts and examples are documented. The case is original and case was approved. Description of the case is inaccurate or incomplete. Some sources of facts and examples are documented. The case is original and was approved. Very little reference was made to the case. Case is not supported by evidence. Case is not original and was not approved. Organization Writer presents information in logical, interesting sequence, which reader can follow Writer presents information in logical sequence which reader can follow. Reader has difficulty following case study Reader cannot follow the case organization. Economic Development Case Study Paper & Presentation: Analysis Writer provides excellent analysis of the role of government and the economic impact of the case supported by information provided Writer provides good analysis of the role of government and the economic impact of the case. Writer provides analysis of either the role of gov.

The Economic Development Case Study is a two-part assign.docx

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The Eighties, P art One From the following list, choose five events during the 1980s. I dentify the basic facts, dates, and purpose of the event in 2 to 3 sentences in the Identify column. Include why the event is significant in the Significance column, and add a reference for your material in the Reference column. · The Sunbelt · Suburban Conservatism · The Tax Revolt · Corporate Elites · Neoconservatives · Populist Conservatives · Deregulation · The Federal Reserve Board · The Energy Glut · The 1981 Tax Cuts · Spending Cuts · Military Spending · Technology Event Identify Significance Reference The Eighties, P art Two From the following list, choose five events during the 1980s. I dentify the basic facts, dates, and purpose of the event in 2 to 3 sentences in the Identify column. Include why the event is significant in the Significance column, and add a reference for your material in the Reference column. · Feminism · Homelessness · Republicans and the environment · Malls · Alternative rock · Madonna · Michael Jackson · AIDS · The Cosby Show · Sandra Day O’Connor · We Are the World · Global Warming · Geraldine Ferraro Event Identify Significance Reference .

The Eighties, Part OneFrom the following list, choose five.docx

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The Election of 1860 Democrats split · Northern Democrats run Stephen Douglas · Southern Democrats run John C. Breckinridge Republicans decide for moderate · Republicans nominate Lincoln · Lincoln opposes slavery in territories · Republican platform comprehensive Fourth party enters race · Constitutional Unionists · Run John Bell Republican Victory · Lincoln gains 40% popular vote · Lincoln wins in electoral college · Most Americans want settlement South Carolina fire-eaters demand secession · South Carolina secedes December 20, 1680 · Deep South follows · Buchanan unable to shape compromise Crittenden Compromise · Proposed extension of 36º 30’ · John Tyler proposed constitutional amendment · Lincoln cannot accept slavery in territories · Compromises fail Confederate States of America · Seven states of deep South · Montgomery original capital · Constitution similar to that of U.S. · Constitution protects slavery President Jefferson of CSA · Model slave owner; not fire-eater · Cold personality, irritable, inflexible · Lacks self-confidence · Surrounds himself with yes-men President Abraham Lincoln of United States · Knows value of unity, competency · Appoints rivals to cabinet · Brunt of jokes, criticism · Sharp native intelligence, humble Border states · Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas join CSA · Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri stay with Union · West Virginia secedes from Virginia A war of nerves · Two Southern forts in U.S. hands · Davis willing to let status quo stand for moment · Lincoln decides to re-supply forts without force · Confederates fire, beginning April 12, 1861 Art of War influences commanders · Focus on occupying high ground · Focus on taking enemy cities · Retreat when necessary · Jomini’s 12 models of war The Armies · Calvary: for reconnaissance · Artillery: weakens enemy · Infantry: backbone of army · Also support units Infantry · Brigades of 2,000–3,000 · Form double lines of 1,000 yards · Advance into enemy fire · Then fight hand-to-hand · Most battles in dense woods Yanks and Rebs · Most between 17 and 25 · From all states, social classes · Draft exempts upper class · Anti-draft riots in New York City · Draft dodgers in South · Some bounty hunters · High desertion rates · Shirking duty not common First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) · Both sides thought war would be short · First battle 20 miles from Washington · South wins, Union forces flee in panic First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) · South fails to attack Washington · South celebrates victory · Stonewall Jackson hero for South · South disorganized even in victory Consequences of Manassas (Bull Run) · South becomes overconfident · North prepares for long fight · George McClellan given command of Army of Potomac Northern strategy · Defend Washington; take Richmond · Split Confederacy by taking Mississippi River · Blockade southern coastline Mismatch · North had population advantage of 22 to 9 million · Industry in north · Railroads mainl.

The Election of 1860Democrats split· Northern Democrats run .docx

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The early civilizations of the Indus Valley known as Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro had many of the markings of a sophisticated culture. In a 2-3 page paper discuss the noted advancements of these cultures including significant archaeological finds that suggest these civilizations were far more advanced than originally believed. For this paper, you will need to find at least (2) outside resources that support your writing. .

The early civilizations of the Indus Valley known as Harappa and Moh.docx

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The Early Theories of Human Development Several theories attempt to describe human development. Briefly describe the Freud, Erickson, and Piaget theories regarding development. Provide the major similarities and differences between each. Explain how these early theories were developed, and why there is concern related to race, gender, socioeconomic status, and other areas of diversity in how these theories were developed. .

The Early Theories of Human DevelopmentSeveral theories atte.docx

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The Electoral College was created to protect US citizens against mob.docx

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The early modern age was a period of great discovery and exploration. The frontiers of knowledge were being pushed out in many directions through the work of scientists and the colonizing of the New World by the European nations. Discuss how our world today is also a world of discovery and exploration. Reflect on this in a short paragraph (250–300) that specifically links the kinds of changes five hundred years ago with the kinds of changes our culture is experiencing today. .

The early modern age was a period of great discovery and exploration.docx

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