Sandro Reyes .docx

Sandro Reyes
1
5
Human Impact on the Environment
Every day, I see the harmful impacts of humans on the
environment. Just 13 percent of the globe’s oceans remain
unsoiled by humanity’s damaging impacts (Carrington, 2018).
In the remotest poles and Pacific areas, most of the ocean has
no natural marine wildlife. Pollution, huge fishing fleets, and
global shipping along with climate change are all degrading the
oceans. The vehicles we drive every day, industrial wastes,
overpopulation, and fossil fuels, all have negative effects on the
environment. Human activities are negatively affecting the
environment by degrading it and sooner or later, the earth will
not be able to sustain humans.
Overpopulation is now an epidemic with decreased mortality
rates, improved medicine, and food sustainability. We are living
longer, which is increasing population. The impact of
overpopulation includes environmental degradation due to
cutting down of trees to create space. With less trees to filter
the air, an increase in carbon dioxide levels is damaging every
single organism (Interesting Engineering, 2019). Another effect
of overpopulation is overdependence on fossil fuels such as coal
and oil, which emit plentiful carbon oxide into the air. With
increased population, humans need more space, which damage
ecosystems and augment carbon dioxide emissions.
Pollution is another impact of human activities on the
environment. From trash, industrial wastes to carbon dioxide
emissions into the air, pollutions is inevitable. Over 2.4 billion
individuals have no access to sources of clean water. Human

activities continue to deplete indispensable resources such as
soil, water, and air. United States, for example, produces 147
million metric tons of air pollution annually (Interesting
Engineering, 2019). Air quality in developing nations continues
to plummet as well. This means that we are engaging in
activities that are hurting the environment.
Global warming is one of the greatest causes of environmental
degradation contributed by human activities. Some people do
not believe that global warming is real. However, that is not
true, and its major contributors include carbon dioxide
emissions from respiration, deforestation, and burning fossil
fuels. Each year, we continue to contribute to levels of carbon
dioxide globally. Current levels exceed 400 PPM, and the rise
in carbon dioxide emissions are attributed to an increase in
global temperatures (Interesting Engineering, 2019). The result
is the melting of arctic glaciers and land ice, which will
increase sea levels, and have negative effects on oceanic life.
Climate change is another impact on the environment that is
being caused by us. It is linked to historical technology and
industrial development. With increased global temperatures,
weather patterns seem to change (Interesting Engineering,
2019). The effects of this include longer growing seasons,
barren wastelands, and floral regions becoming deserts. These
days the world is experiencing intense hurricanes in frequency
and size, prolonged deserts, and heat waves.
Our activities are also contributing to water pollution as each
year more 8 millions of waste and garbage are dumped into
rivers, lakes, ocean, and seas. Excessive fertilizer, for example,
is washed into oceans through floods, winds, rains, or dumped.
Industrial fertilizer contains nitrogen, which causes excessive
growth of algae, which poisons water bodies by depleting them
oxygen (Carrington, 2018). This affects birds and fish. The
garbage dumped in oceans also contains plastic, which sea
animals suffocate on or cause them to starve.
Lastly, deforestation is another human activity, which is
depleting the environment. Humans cut down trees to create

space (Interesting Engineering, 2019). Trees are major oxygen
producers; thus, deforestation poses a major conservation and
survival issue because its effects include greenhouse gasses
emissions and global warming.
`We should all engage in environmentally-friendly activities
that will ensure earth’s sustainability. Humans are depleting
earth’s resources and their activities are having immense and
adverse effects on the environment and eco-systems. Humans
have the capacity to create a world that is safe for all living
beings.
References
Carrington, D. (2018, July 26). Almost all world's oceans
damaged by human impact, study finds. Retrieved from
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jul/26/just-13-
of-global-oceans-undamaged-by-humanity-research-reveals

Interesting Engineering. (2019, February 26). 10 Ways Humans
Impact the Environment. Retrieved from
https://interestingengineering.com/10-ways-humans-impact-the-
environment
PARENTS’ DEPORTATION
8
Effects of Parents’ Deportation on Children
Mary Garcia
SOC 6910 Public Sociology Capstone
Instructor: Sidra Montgomery
March 23, 2020
:
Effects of Parents’ Deportation on Children
Deportation is a traumatizing event for individuals going
through the same. People move from their countries of origin as
they flee from wars due to political calamities and even natural
tragedies such as drought and floods. They end up settling in
the host countries where they hope to start their lives anew, to
create a life for themselves and their family. There are credible
reasons necessitating deportation among them criminal acts,
violation of visa terms, and when a person becomes a liability
to the government of the host country. Nevertheless, small
mistakes may be a reason for deportation. The exercise is
troubling as it results in the separation of the family members,
with the children being at the suffering end. In most situations,
children are unable to express their pain and disappointments,
and they only react when they interact with their peers and
schoolmates. With the deportation of parents, children in some
cases accompany their parents, while in others, they remain in
the host country. Most children born to immigrant parents are

legal citizens of the host countries. However, whether they
decide to remain or move with their parents, children feel the
effects of deportation.
A change in policies on immigration is rapidly increasing the
number of deportation cases. Dreby (2015) outlines the change
in immigration that has resulted in the separation of families
and children suffering in the process. According to the author,
the1990s marked the beginning of the changes in the
immigration system in the United States with the changes
entailing the tightening of the system. As a result, some
families considered temporary separation, while others opted to
live in divided borders. By the 21st century, the immigration
system took a serious angle where there was a division of
families even residing in the United States. Dreby (2015)
highlighted the changes in immigration as destabilizing families
and ongoing conversations on immigration reforms. Earlier,
immigration debates included the right parties eliminating the
influence from specific quarters such as unions, politicians, and
business owners. However, the influence on the immigration
debates by partisan politics hindered the actualization of
immigration reforms and implementation of measures such as
the DREAM Act that would offer permanent residence to the
undocumented youths who had gone through the education
system in the United States. If these youths have children, they
suffer when their parents are deported due to the failure by the
relevant authorities to implement immigration measures.
When parents become part of the migration process, the children
inevitably become part of the process. Despite where they are
born, García (2012) highlighted that the children have a similar
experience as those families who were from a different country
while living in another. In their new host countries, the author
highlighted the immigrant parents as struggling with new
patterns of behaviors, beliefs, and morality that they have to get
assimilated to. Some of these changes may be contradicting

their earlier held moral orientation. In the host countries,
parents give birth and train children in line with the attitudes
and beliefs of the host country. Difficulties stem where parents
facing deportation have to go back to their countries.
In such situations, García (2012) stated that children have to
struggle with the creation of continuity and to become
competent. On their part, parents may not know the struggles of
their children. The other highlighted other struggles of children
whose parents have been deported where they receive
contradicting information on issues such as racism. García
(2012) outlined the psychological challenges faced by children
whose parents have faced deportation. The cultural values of the
new settlement differ from what they are used to. As such, such
difficulties result in acculturative stress among these children
affecting their behaviors, how they relate with their
schoolmates, and even their academic performance. The
experience of parents, especially mothers during deportation,
also impact on the children.
Oliviera (2018) highlighted that women make up 40% of all the
Mexican migrants in New York City alone. Also, women are the
heads of 22% of Mexican immigrant families. As such, lots of
families and children alike suffer when their Mexican parents
are deported. Women are known for nurturing and being pillars
for family members and children. They play a pivotal role in
families and society at large. As such, the absence of women
may result in most families becoming dysfunctional. While
other family members might be able to cater to their needs in
such circumstances, the children are left at the mercy of the
society and community organizations such as the foster homes.
The adaptation period for these children may result in
behavioral and psychological challenges.
Political campaigns culminate with anti-immigration rhetoric,
where each leader strives to show his or her prowess by making
promises on changing the immigration situation. According to

Morey (2018), the anti-immigration declarations result in health
disparities, especially among the migrant population. The
migrants face stigmatization from other community members
that they used to seamlessly interact with before the political
campaigns. The discrimination and isolation that the migrants
experience following heated political campaigns could result in
stress. The situation escalates when there are incidences of
deportation and detainment of some of the immigrants. Going
back to their host countries, immigrants face high stigmatization
levels. When being deported, victims barely salvage properties
or wealth they had amassed in their host countries. As such,
arrival in their home countries is characterized by criticism and
judgment, especially when they have nothing to their name. The
case is worse when the children have to listen to the demeaning
comments that people make about their parents and their
situation. During deportation, parents make prompt decisions,
not knowing that whether good or bad, they significantly impact
on their children.
Amuedo-dorantes, Pozo, & Puttitanum (2015) voiced that most
parents opt to leave their children behind following their
deportation. They hope that after everything settles down, they
may go back to their countries and reunite with their children
and family members. While some children remain with relatives
or even friends, others are left under foster care. In most cases,
deported individuals migrate back to the same country they
were deported from some years later. The period of separation
between a parent and a child could be a life-changing moment
for them. While some children may be in the care of
understanding individuals, others may suffer due to being
mistreated by these people who start viewing them as a burden.
Amuedo-dorantes, Pozo, & Puttitanum (2015) highlighted that
the involuntary separation increases anxiety, stress, depression,
and fear among the involved children and adults. For the
children, they may encounter social isolation and even develop
hatred and mistrust towards the government that approved the

deportation order. Such traits are some of the reasons behind the
development of criminal gangs seeking to revenge against the
injustice they experienced in their childhood. With an
experience of deportation, many people, especially children,
desire to disassociate with their identity.
Doering-White, Horner, Sanders, Martinez, and Lopez (2016)
stated that the U.S. citizen children of immigrants experience
tension and greater consequences. For these children, the fear of
illegality drives them into hating their identity, while also
making efforts to distance them from their identity. In picking
up a new identity, these children may end up picking behaviors
contradicting their morality, increasing their susceptibility to
being on the wrong side of the law. Deportation also means
disorientation of social reproduction. Among immigrants, each
member of the family plays a pivotal role in ensuring the
continuity of their cultural values and traditions. The case is
worse were due to their minority status; these communities have
to remain closely-knit. Social reproduction is more important
among the minority groups as they determine their cohesiveness
alongside the continuity of the community and generation at
large. While trying to fulfill their responsibilities as immigrant
parents, they face lots of challenges that interfere with their
parental roles.
On the occasion children tag along with their deported
parents, they face a lot of difficulties adopting the norms,
values, and languages of the host country. In addition, they are
confronted with religious and political views that are different
from what they were used to. McKenna (2011) highlighted the
case of Alyssa and Paul, who were children born to migrant
parents. Having being born in the United States, they had
developed a fluent command of the English language and could
neither speak nor hear the language from their parents’ country
of origin. With their heavy American accent, these children are
bound to face lots of challenges adapting to the new country.

McKenna (2011) added that the difference in ideologies
between the United States and the new country that Alyssa and
Paul are to live in. Due to the anti-American sentiments held by
the other country about the United States, these children could
be stigmatized by their immediate community. Different
religious orientations also mean that these children could feel
out of place. Despite desiring the best for their children, moving
with their children could not be the best option for Alyssa’s
parents.
In conclusion, the deportation of parents has undesired effects
on children and their well-being. Parents are an important pillar
in the lives of their children, and their absence disorients their
lives. The parents are also important figures in the lives of other
individuals, and with their deportation, the results are a
dysfunctional family, disruption of the community
interrelations, and social reproduction. Despite the valid
reasons, the government in charge of deportation should look at
the potential effects of the process and make a decision that
would be considered to the person and parties associated with
him or her.
References
Amuedo-dorantes, C., Pozo, S., & Puttitanum, T. (2015).
Immigration enforcement, parent-child separations, and intent
to remigrate by Central American deportees. Demography,
52(6), 1825-1851. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-015-0431-0
Doering-White, J., Horner, P., Sanders, L., Martinez, R., &
Lopez W. (2016). Testimonial Engagement: Undocumented
Latina Mothers Navigating a Gendered Deportation Regime.
Journal of International Migration and Integration, 17(2),352-
340. https://doi/10.1007/s12134-014-0408-7
Dreby, J. (2015). Everyday illegal: When policies undermine
immigrant families. Oakland, California: University of
California Press
García, C. C. T. (2012). The impact of immigration on

children's development. Karger Medical and Scientific
Publishers
McKenna, K. (2011). A global perspective of children's rights:
Advocating for U.S.-citizen minors after parental deportation
through federal subagency creation. Family Law Quarterly,
45(3), 397-417
Morey, B. N. (2018). Mechanisms by which anti-immigrant
stigma exacerbates racial/ethnic health disparities. American
Journal of Public Health, 108(4),40-463.
https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304266
Oliveira, G. (2018). Motherhood across borders: Immigrants and
their children in Mexico and New York. NYU Press
OUTLINE
7
PART 2- OUTLINE
Author’s Name:
Institutional Affiliation:
Part 2- OUTLINE
I. Introduction
Immigrant families always live in fear of the realization of their
status by the immigration officials. When a member(s) of a
family face deportation, the community and other members of
the family they leave behind feel the effects. The numbers of
deportation cases have rapidly increased in the last few years
with the effects of the same felt by the countries, society, and
international relations. In most immigrant families, they have at
least one undocumented family member risking deportation.
II. Body
1) Children face lots of difficulties adjusting in their countries
of origin.

a) Morey (2018) highlighted that having being born and brought
up in their host countries, children end up learning the national
languages in these countries. As such, following the deportation
of their parents and settling in their countries of origin, they
face a lot of challenges learning other languages and even the
norms and values as per the cultural backgrounds. As such,
assimilation into the new society ends up being an uphill task
that may affect their psychological well-being.
2) Deportation brings on board stigma from the host country and
the country of origin.
a) Deportation is not an easy affair as there is the involvement
of the local authorities, and the individuals are forced into the
available means of transport that would ensure their arrival to
their destination. As such, arriving in such a state in their host
country attracts harsh judgment and ridicule, especially by the
fact that one arrives from abroad without anything tangible.
Deported individuals end up being subjects of discussion
resulting in them isolating form the rest of the society.
3) Children of deported parents stand a high chance of
developing psychological problems while exhibiting behavioral
changes (Baum 2010).
a) The changes in the behavior could be depicted in the high
possibility of picking up fights with their peers in school and
poor academic performance. These children often lack the
support they need going through their academics hence having
no idea of how to maneuver the challenges that they face. With
the continuation with such a trend, the effects will be felt in the
economy due to the increased number of unemployed
individuals. Unemployment burden’s a country’s economy while
increasing the crime rates. In addition, the vicious cycle of
poverty continues hence impacting the standards of living in the
nation at large.
4) According to Baum (2010), deportation increase economic
hardships.
a) Parents are the bread-winners in most families. With their
deportation, families are left with no one to depend on in the

fulfilment of their basic needs and housing. As such, families
end up facing lots of instabilities, low-income levels and even
inadequate food for all the family members. While immigration
officials may think that their efforts would be for the good of
their country, the aftermath sends ripple effects to affected
families and the society at large.
III. Conclusion
Deportation cases strive for the good of their country by
expelling individuals who have illegally gained entrance into a
country. During the exercise, the officials target undocumented
individuals or even those with expired documents overstaying
the allowed timeframe. Deportation affects the families the most
as members are separated from each other, with the children
being the ones that suffer the most. Also, deported individuals
face stigma from their host countries, making the adjustment to
the society a challenging experience.
References
52(6), 1825-1851. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-015-0431-0
Baum, J. (2010). In the child’s best interest? The consequences
of losing a lawful immigrant to parent deportation. DIANE
Publishing
Dettlaff, A. J., & Fong, R. (2016). Immigrant and refugee
children and families: Culturally responsive practice. Columbia
University Press
340. https://doi/10.1007/s12134-014-0408-7
Dreby, J. (2010). Divided by borders: Mexican migrants and

their children. Berkeley: University of California Press
California Press
Evans, F. B., & Hass, G. A. (2018). Forensic psychological
assessment in immigration court: A guidebook for evidence-
based and ethical practice. Taylor & Francis
Publishers
Heidbrink, L. (2014). Migrant youth, transnational families, and
the state: Care and contested interests. Philadelphia: University
of Pennsylvania Press
In Boehm, D. A., & In Terrio, S. J. (2019). Illegal encounters:
The effect of detention and deportation on young people. NYU
Press
In De, G. N., & In Peutz, N. (2010). The Deportation regime:
Sovereignty, space, and the freedom of movement. Duke
University Press
In Haugen, D. M., & In Musser, S. (2013). The children of
undocumented immigrants. Greenhaven Publishing LLC
Jacobs, J. L. (2016). The holocaust across the generations:
Trauma and its inheritance among descendants of survivors.
NYU Press
Lopez, W. D. (2019). Separated: Family and community in the
aftermath of an immigration raid. JHU Press

Mayorga-Gallo, S., & Valdés, G. (2017). Mi padre: Mexican
immigrant fathers and their children's education. Teachers
College Press
45(3), 397-417
Membreno, J. E., Huynh-Hohnbaum, A.-L., & California State
University, Los Angeles. (2017). Parental Deportation:
Psychological Effects on the Children Left Behind. California
State University
Regan, M. (2015). Detained and deported: Stories of immigrant
families under fire. Beacon Press
Siemons, R., Raymond-flesh, M., Auerswald, C. L., & Brindis,
C. D. (2017).coming of age on the margins: Mental health and
wellbeing among Latino immigrant young adults eligible for
Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). Journal of
Immigrant and Minority Health, 19(3), 543-551.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-016-0354-x
Silvia, R. V. (2018). Borders and badges: Arizona’s children
confront detention and deportation through art. Latino Studies,
16(3), 310-340. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41276-018-0132-0
Suárez-Orozco, C. (2009). Children of immigration. Cambridge:
Harvard University Press

Yoshikawa, H. (2011). Immigrants raising citizens:
Undocumented parents and their young children. New York,
New York: Russell Sage Foundation
Zayas, L. H. (2015). Forgotten citizens: Deportation, children,
and the making of American exiles and orphans. Oxford
University Press
PROPOSAL
7
Proposal
March 16, 2020
Proposal
In this paper, the area of interest is the deportation of parents
and the effect it has on children. As such, the research topic is;
the effects of parents’ deportation on children. Children do not
easily express their emotions and disappointment concerning
particular issues. As such, a parent could easily assume that
everything is fine, which could not be the case. Children that
have experienced the deportation of their parents often
experience a rollercoaster of emotions. If left unresolved, it
could mark the starting point of major psychological and
developmental challenges. Children often display challenges
that they could be facing through incidents of violence against
other challenges or even utterances that portray their pain and
frustrations.
This topic is of great importance to me. First, children are very
innocent, and in most situations, they end up suffering due to
the choices made by the adults in their lives. On the other hand,
deportation is not an appealing experience as it rips off a
person’s dignity leaving them to deal with the harsh judgment
of the world and the harsh reality of being an illegal immigrant.
Also, deported individuals receive harsh treatment from

government officials overseeing the process. Most immigrants
have valid reasons for illegally moving into countries they
perceive as safer. Some of these reasons are a need to run away
from natural calamities such as drought and floods, or even
running away from political instabilities. While some of the
immigrants may be moving to the safer havens motivated by the
wrong reasons, most of them have valid reasons that warrant
them a better stay that would accord them physical and
emotional tranquility. Changes n immigration laws always result
in huge numbers of people being deported to their countries of
origin. On such occasions, children suffer the most.
In exploring the research topic, the methodology to employ
would be mixed-methods research. This method enables the
collection of qualitative and quantitative data. When using
qualitative and quantitative methods, there are advantages and
disadvantages. However, when using the two combined through
the mixed-methods research, it is possible to maximize the
benefits accrued while minimizing the associated disadvantages.
The mixed-methods would entail the use of questionnaires while
supplementing the same with interviews. As such, it is possible
to collect both numerical and qualitative data such as facial
expression, tone, and body movements. While available
research materials provide greater insight on the topic under
study, getting first-hand experience from parents who have
faced deportation who help provide a deeper understanding of
the effects it has on children. While undertaking the
methodology part, there would be a need for methods that would
ensure the respondents are comfortable while enabling them to
share their experiences during deportation willingly and the
effects manifested in their children. For instance, there would
be consideration of the support groups where individuals want
to highlight their plight in the hands of the deportation officials.
In data analysis, a researcher reason analytically and logically
to be more informed about the collected data. When conducting

the data analysis, the purpose would be to create meaning out of
the collected data to come up with an informed conclusion. The
methodology shall entail the use of descriptive statistics for
data analysis. This technique ensures the presentation and
description of the data in the simplest form to enable a better
understanding of the consumers of the information. The
descriptive analysis enables the presentation of data in the form
of graphs, percentages, pie charts hence simplifying the
complicated information often collected in the research process.
In their original form, data may not highlight what is to be
presented, which may lead to confusion. For individuals not
well-versed with the research processes, data presented in the
form of graphs and charts could be easy to analyze and
comprehend. Unlike other methods of data analysis, such as
inference statistics, descriptive analysis ensures a general
description of data and what it portrays. Despite using the
mixed –methods, one cannot deny the important role played by
the quantitative data. With the complex nature of using
numerical data, descriptive statistics would help in simplifying
the large amounts of data collected during the research. The
large volumes of data become small summaries that could be
comprehended by participants and individuals the research
targets.
References
52(6), 1825-1851. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-015-0431-0
Baum, J. (2010). In the child’s best interest? The consequences
of losing a lawful immigrant to parent deportation. DIANE
Publishing
Dettlaff, A. J., & Fong, R. (2016). Immigrant and refugee
children and families: Culturally responsive practice. Columbia
University Press

340. https://doi/10.1007/s12134-014-0408-7
Dreby, J. (2010). Divided by borders: Mexican migrants and
their children. Berkeley: University of California Press
California Press
Evans, F. B., & Hass, G. A. (2018). Forensic psychological
assessment in immigration court: A guidebook for evidence-
based and ethical practice. Taylor & Francis
Publishers
Heidbrink, L. (2014). Migrant youth, transnational families, and
the state: Care and contested interests. Philadelphia: University
of Pennsylvania Press
In Boehm, D. A., & In Terrio, S. J. (2019). Illegal encounters:
The effect of detention and deportation on young people. NYU
Press
In De, G. N., & In Peutz, N. (2010). The Deportation regime:
Sovereignty, space, and the freedom of movement. Duke
University Press
In Haugen, D. M., & In Musser, S. (2013). The children of
undocumented immigrants. Greenhaven Publishing LLC

Jacobs, J. L. (2016). The holocaust across the generations:
Trauma and its inheritance among descendants of survivors.
NYU Press
Lopez, W. D. (2019). Separated: Family and community in the
aftermath of an immigration raid. JHU Press
Mayorga-Gallo, S., & Valdés, G. (2017). Mi padre: Mexican
immigrant fathers and their children's education. Teachers
College Press
45(3), 397-417
Membreno, J. E., Huynh-Hohnbaum, A.-L., & California State
University, Los Angeles. (2017). Parental Deportation:
Psychological Effects on the Children Left Behind. California
State University
Regan, M. (2015). Detained and deported: Stories of immigrant
families under fire. Beacon Press
Siemons, R., Raymond-flesh, M., Auerswald, C. L., & Brindis,
C. D. (2017).coming of age on the margins: Mental health and
wellbeing among Latino immigrant young adults eligible for
Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). Journal of
Immigrant and Minority Health, 19(3), 543-551.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-016-0354-x
Silvia, R. V. (2018). Borders and badges: Arizona’s children
confront detention and deportation through art. Latino Studies,
16(3), 310-340. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41276-018-0132-0
Suárez-Orozco, C. (2009). Children of immigration. Cambridge:
Harvard University Press
Yoshikawa, H. (2011). Immigrants raising citizens:
Undocumented parents and their young children. New York,
New York: Russell Sage Foundation
Zayas, L. H. (2015). Forgotten citizens: Deportation, children,
and the making of American exiles and orphans. Oxford
University Press
ETHICAL AND DIVERSITY ISSUES
6
Ethical and Diversity Issues
Mary Garcia
SOC 6910 Public Sociology Capstone
Instructor: Sidra Montgomery
March 30, 2020
Ethical and Diversity Issues
The deportation of parents affects the involved parents, their
children, and even close friends and relatives. Primarily, arising
ethical and diversity issues have to do with the children and the
parents who feel the direct effects of deportation. While facing
deportation, some parents may opt to go with their children,
with others leaving them behind with the hope that they may
reunite when they fulfill the requirements that caused their

deportation. Deportation cases are often handled with cruelty
and inhumane manner, failing to take cognizance of the ethical
and diversity issues that require consideration. Deportation
affects different groups in the society, and there is a need to
consider the ethical and diversity issues associated with the
individual groups.
Ethical Issues in Deportation of Parents
Lenard (2015) highlighted the ethical issues in deportation as
stemming from the determination of individuals eligible for
deportation. Most immigrants awaiting deportation find
themselves on crossroads concerning the principles highlighting
the treatment they should receive. The author highlighted the
existing confusion of whether to be treated according to the
principles regulating discretions at the border or those
regulating the discretion on the admission of immigrants.
Lenard (2015) highlighted the first ethical issue as the just
cause for deportation. The author highlighted the need for states
to highlight the set of reasons that justifies the eligibility of
deportation for a non-resident in the country legally or illegally.
The author outlined that for most states, the unlawful presence
at the boundaries of the territory or overstaying one’s visa is an
adequate reason for deportation. Despite being a legal migrant,
one could be deported due to the violation of outlined laws.
Lenard (2015) observed that it is not just about highlighting the
reasons that could necessitate deportation, but also, the reasons
should be justifiable and serving the interests of the community.
Lenard (2015) noted that the causes of deportation could not
just necessitate the exercise. Instead, there are constraints
imposed on how deportation takes place. Irrespective of the visa
status, there should be the protection of the individuals’ rights.
In liberal democratic states, deliberately causing physical harm
to the victims of deportation is unacceptable. As such, despite
having a just cause for deportation, there should be a
consideration of how the process is carried out. Under the just

action of deportation, the underlying ethical issue is making
known to the involved parties the intention to deport them and
the reason(s) necessitating the action, Lenard (2015) stated that
the publicity criterion denotes the potential deportees as having
the right to the legal representation. In deportations involving
children, ethical issues associated with this group arise.
Baylis and McLeod (2014) highlighted children as having rights
aiming at protecting their interests. As such, during deportation,
the ethical issues associated with their status as minors.
Children do not give informed consent and often rely on their
parents. With impending deportation, parents need to be
informed about the cause of deportation for their children and
even what becomes of them on the occasion that they have
participated in criminal acts necessitating deportation. A parent
has the right to decline aspects of the deportation process that
seem to infringe on the rights of their children. Basic ethical
issues also need to apply during the deportation of parents.
Deportees should be treated fairly while ensuring that their
basic rights are upheld. With deportees belonging from different
diversity groups, they need protection from discrimination that
could necessitate unfair treatment, aggravating suffering.
Handling of Diversity
Parents facing deportation often belong to different racial,
ethnic, religious, and political affiliations. These aspects, in
some cases, are the reasons people are residing in the countries
in question illegally. While influencing the deportation cases
proceedings, there is a need to factor the elements of diversity.
Finkelman (2013) highlighted the deportation proceedings as
hearing aimed at determining whether an alien is to remain in
the country or punish him or her for wrongful entry. The
attitudes a judge has towards people of a particular racial,
ethnic or religious group may be a cause of the unfair ruling
with the victim being deported without the consideration of the
validity of the reasons necessitating residence in the country of

question.
Facilitating the residence of the migrants from various groups
complements the diversity of the state in question. There are
numerous benefits accrued from having a diverse population;
one of them being the cultural perspectives that are a major
boost of innovation and creativity, which could spur tourism
growing the economy of the region. Healey (2009) highlighted
immigrants as a positive addition to the economy. Their
presence translates to the addition in the labor supply of fields
such as agriculture, garment industry, and college faculties. In
developed countries such as the United States, Healey (2009)
highlighted the immigrants as securing a job in areas where
minimal U.S. citizens work or even create jobs that would not
have existed with their absence. As a result, in the wake of the
reasons validating the deportation of parents, there is a need to
consider the social and economic impacts of the exercise.
Social Inequality
Migration has, for a long time, been action against poverty with
people opting to move to other regions as a means of dealing
with economic challenges. As people migrate in the hope of
improving their situations, they end up facing other difficulties.
Increased immigration changes trends such as rates of poverty
and inequality in the affected regions. Card and Raphael (2013)
highlighted the immigrants as providing labor supply that
positions them to compete for jobs in the United States. With
the additional employees due to immigration, the citizens feel
the ripple effect on their wage and employment levels. Migrants
provide a cheap source of labor, making them a preferred option
among the employers. As such, their presence results in job
inequalities as organizations employ migrants in large numbers
ignoring the available skills.
Legal residents of the United States are entitled to benefits from
the government, among them food stamps and medical access.

Due to their status and inability to understand and communicate
in the English language, migrants are often unable to enjoy such
services. Their status could also be a reason for the exemption,
especially if this group is considered as being a burden to the
government of the day. Legibility of immigrant influence the
access they have to services. Kandula, Grogan, Rathouz, and
Lauderdale (2004) outlined the division of immigrants into two
categories: qualified and unqualified immigrants. The
unqualified immigrants are those who immigrated after 22nd
August 1996 and exempted from enjoying Medicaid after entry.
The limitation of Medicaid to certain immigration groups is a
social inequality in itself, especially when people cannot access
health services they are in dire need of because they cannot
afford it. Just like the U.S citizens, the immigrants need of
Medicaid as health insurance.
References
Card, D. E., & Raphael, S. (2013). Immigration, poverty, and
socioeconomic inequality. Russell Sage Foundation
Finkelman, P. (2013). Encyclopedia of American Civil
Liberties. Routledge
Healey, J. F. (2009). Diversity and Society: Race, ethnicity and
Gender. Pine Forge Press
In Baylis, F., & In McLeod, C. (2014). Family-making:
Contemporary ethical challenges. Oxford: Oxford University
Press
Kandula, N. R., Grogan, C. M., Rathouz, P. J., & Lauderdale, D.
S. (2004). The Unintended Impact of Welfare Reform on the
Medicaid Enrollment of Eligible Immigrants.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1361081/
Lenard, P. T. (2015). The ethics of deportation in liberal
democratic states. European Journal of Political Theory, 14(4),
464-480

Recommendations
Share three recommendations that you are considering for your
paper. Provide background of your topic to put the
recommendations in context for the class. The post should be at
least 500 words. If you are stuck, talk about your ideas with
someone you trust. Talking to another person is a good way to
encourage creative thinking.
Professor Notes:
Introduction: Evidence-based Recommendations and
Conclusions
Week 4 brings to fruition the purpose of your research – your
recommendations. Up until now, you have chosen a topic of
interest, conducted research, and analyzed and discussed the
data. But what does it all mean? You are now at the end of your
master’s program, and you have the skill set and knowledge to
be a change agent. Wearing the mantel of a change agent, you
will be identifying and evaluating evidence-based
recommendations on your topic. Evidence-based
recommendations are not opinions, but are ideas conceived
through reflection, mindfulness, and critical thought. The
recommendations are based on the data collected, analyzed, and
synthesized. Finally, the conclusion of your paper tells the
reader about the implications of your paper. The conclusion is
the bow on the package.

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