FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION 2 Michael: Scarcity theory- States that there are limited frequency allocations for radio and television stations on the electromagnetic spectrum.  In the 1920s, when the radio industry requested the government to intervene and provide regulatory oversight to minimize the confusion of frequency crowding, it was indeed an unprecedented move by a market-driven, commercial industry. What started as an unbiased mediator for broadcasters in the 1920s has blossomed into a juggernaut with an established regulatory agency, known as the FCC, which wields an enormous amount of regulatory influence and oversight (Hendricks, J 2009). Has the Government finally overstayed their welcome? Telecommunications Act of 1996 is the first major overhaul of telecommunications law in almost 62 years. The goal of this new law is to let anyone enter any communications business -- to let any communications business compete in any market against any other. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 has the potential to change the way we work, live and learn (FCC) Hendricks, J. A. 2009. Media Policy and Regulation, Sage Reference Publications , 21st Century Communication: A Reference Handbook Ch. 95 p11. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412964005.n95 https://www.fcc.gov/general/telecommunications-act-1996 3 PAGES APA STYLE PAPER In this assignment, you will investigate the biotic and abiotic structure and function of an ecosystem. You will also investigate how ecosystems recover from disturbance naturally and through human restoration. Choose 1 of the following ecosystems: Tropical rainforest Grassland Coral reef Estuary Desert You will write an APA-style research paper about your choice of ecosystem, including the following elements: Describe where this type of ecosystem might be located. Name 1 specific example. Describe the structure of the ecosystem. List at least 3 specific examples of both abiotic components and biotic components for the ecosystem type selected. Describe the function of the ecosystem In your own words, explain or define biogeochemical cycle. Describe the steps in the carbon cycle as an example of one biogeochemical cycle. Describe disturbance and recovery Describe 1 natural and 1 human-caused disturbance to the ecosystem that you have chosen. Describe the damage to the ecosystem for each example, including how the abiotic and biotic characteristics of the ecosystem changed. Provide 2 examples of natural resources provided by the ecosystem that you have selected. How can these be sustained into the future? How can humans act as good stewards to assist ecosystem recovery? Provide 1 example specific to the ecosystem that you have chosen. For assistance with your assignment, please use your text, other credible references, intellipath, and course materials. Please submit your assignment in your assignment box. Grading Rubric 70% Content Development/Critical Thinking: Student uses relevant content to fully and accurately answer al ...

1. FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION 2
Michael:
Scarcity theory-
States that there are limited frequency allocations for radio and
television stations on the electromagnetic spectrum. In the
1920s, when the radio industry requested the government to
intervene and provide regulatory oversight to minimize the
confusion of frequency crowding, it was indeed an
unprecedented move by a market-driven, commercial industry.
What started as an unbiased mediator for broadcasters in the
1920s has blossomed into a juggernaut with an established
regulatory agency, known as the FCC, which wields an
enormous amount of regulatory influence and oversight
(Hendricks, J 2009).
Has the Government finally overstayed their
welcome? Telecommunications Act of 1996 is the first major
overhaul of telecommunications law in almost 62 years. The
goal of this new law is to let anyone enter any communications
business -- to let any communications business compete in any
market against any other. The Telecommunications Act of 1996
has the potential to change the way we work, live and learn
(FCC)
Hendricks, J. A. 2009. Media Policy and Regulation, Sage
Reference Publications , 21st Century Communication: A
Reference Handbook Ch. 95 p11. DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412964005.n95
https://www.fcc.gov/general/telecommunications-act-1996
3 PAGES APA STYLE PAPER

2. In this assignment, you will investigate the biotic and abiotic
structure and function of an ecosystem. You will also
investigate how ecosystems recover from disturbance naturally
and through human restoration.
Choose 1 of the following ecosystems:
Tropical rainforest
Grassland
Coral reef
Estuary
Desert
You will write an APA-style research paper about your choice
of ecosystem, including the following elements:
Describe where this type of ecosystem might be located. Name
1 specific example.
Describe the structure of the ecosystem.
List at least 3 specific examples of both abiotic components and
biotic components for the ecosystem type selected.
Describe the function of the ecosystem
In your own words, explain or define biogeochemical cycle.
Describe the steps in the carbon cycle as an example of one
biogeochemical cycle.
Describe disturbance and recovery
Describe 1 natural and 1 human-caused disturbance to the
ecosystem that you have chosen.
Describe the damage to the ecosystem for each example,
including how the abiotic and biotic characteristics of the
ecosystem changed.
Provide 2 examples of natural resources provided by the
ecosystem that you have selected.
How can these be sustained into the future?
How can humans act as good stewards to assist ecosystem
recovery? Provide 1 example specific to the ecosystem that you
have chosen.
For assistance with your assignment, please use your text, other
credible references, intellipath, and course materials.
Please submit your assignment in your assignment box.

3. Grading Rubric
70%
Content Development/Critical Thinking: Student uses relevant
content to fully and accurately answer all questions. Student
demonstrates critical thinking by synthesizing original answers
in student’s own words based on reading and research, and
includes relevant examples.
20%
Organization, Grammar, and Presentation: Organization is clear.
Writing clearly and effectively communicates relevant content.
Few if any errors in grammar, spelling, and sentence structure.
10%
5% Information Literacy and Research: Student selects and uses
high-quality, credible references relevant to the assignment
questions.
5% Sources are correctly cited using APA style: The paper
follows APA format and includes a title page, abstract, body of
paper, and reference list.

4. PAPER #2 ABOUT 3 PAGES
You will write a research paper about the demographic
transition model and global food production and distribution for
a growing human population to meet global food security goals.
You must use APA format for the paper and documentation.
Include the following:
Describe the demographic transition model and how it was
developed by demographers.
Describe the 4 phases of demographic transition.
For each phase, compare crude birth rates (CBR) to crude death
rates (CDR), and state whether the population is stable,
growing, or declining in each. ·
According to demographers, what factors lead to a decline of
the CDR in phase two and the CBR in phase three of the
demographic transition? ·
Briefly describe 3 living conditions in developed countries that
have reached phase four, and contrast them with these same
conditions in developing countries that remain in earlier phases.
Note: When comparing and contrasting, include details for each
of the entities being compared and contrasted. For example, if
comparing availability of clean water in a developed country,
contrast availability of clean water in a developing country.
Research and describe a program for developing countries that
would help improve 1 of the 3 conditions that you compared.
Food security means that everyone has an adequate amount of
nutritious food to lead healthy lives. Research and describe 1
specific program that helps developing countries reach food
security goals.
The following rubric will be used for grading:
Grading Rubric
70%
Content Development/Critical Thinking: Student uses relevant
content to fully and accurately answer all questions. Student
demonstrates critical thinking by synthesizing original answers

5. in student’s own words based on reading and research, and
includes relevant examples.
20%
Organization, Grammar, and Presentation: Organization is clear.
Writing clearly and effectively communicates relevant content.
Few if any errors in grammar, spelling, and sentence structure.
10%
5% Information Literacy and Research: Student selects and uses
high-quality, credible references relevant to the assignment
questions.
5% Sources are correctly cited using APA style: The paper
follows APA format and includes a title page, abstract, body of
paper, and reference list.

6. PAPER #3
You will prepare an 3 PAGE APA-style research paper to
discuss energy topics, as follows:
In your own words, describe the laws of thermodynamics.
Explain how these scientific laws apply to energy use, energy
conversions, and the need for energy efficiency.
Describe the pros and cons of the following energy types,
writing 1 paragraph for each:
Fossil fuel: Oil, natural gas, and coal
Nuclear energy
Solar energy
Wind power
Water (hydro) power
Bioconversion (biofuel)
Research and describe 2 provisions of the Energy Policy Act of
2005.
Describe each provision, and provide your opinion about how
each provision helps the United States meet energy use goals.
For assistance with your assignment, please use your text, Web
resources, and all course materials.
Please submit your assignment.
This assignment will also be assessed using additional criteria
provided here.
The following rubric will be used for grading:
Grading Rubric
70%
Content Development/Critical Thinking: Student uses relevant
content to fully and accurately answer all questions. Student
demonstrates critical thinking by synthesizing original answers
in student’s own words based on reading and research, and

7. includes relevant examples.
20%
Organization, Grammar, and Presentation: Organization is clear.
Writing clearly and effectively communicates relevant content.
Few if any errors in grammar, spelling, and sentence structure.
10%
5% Information Literacy and Research: Student selects and uses
high-quality, credible references relevant to the assignment
questions.
5% Sources are correctly cited using APA style: The paper
follows APA format and includes a title page, abstract, body of
paper, and reference list.

8. PAPER #4
2-3 PAPGES
Pollutants can harm ecosystem function and may also harm
human health.
You will write an APA-style research paper about pollutants,
their impacts, and mitigation of harmful effects. Include the
following:
Select 1 example of an environmental pollutant from the
following list:
Acid precipitation/ Acid rain
Smog
DDT pesticide use
Eutrophication
Answer the following questions about the pollution problem that
you chose:
Describe the pollutant chosen and the source of the pollutants.
Include both natural and human sources, as applicable.
Is this a point-source pollutant or nonpoint-source pollutant?
Explain.
What are the harmful impacts of the pollution?
Describe impacts to both humans and to ecosystem structure and
function.
What steps are in place to eliminate the pollutant or to mitigate
harm from the pollutant?

9. Describe examples of laws or regulations that apply to the
pollution and its sources.
Also, describe educational programs, technology, or other
initiatives that are used to help control the pollution.
Have the programs, best management practices, or regulations
been effective in resolving harm from the pollutant?
Give examples of progress, or explain with examples what more
could be done.
The following rubric will be used for grading:
Grading RubriC
70%
Content Development/Critical Thinking: Student uses relevant
content to fully and accurately answer all questions. Student
demonstrates critical thinking by synthesizing original answers
in student’s own words based on reading and research, and
includes relevant examples.
20%
Organization, Grammar, and Presentation: Organization is clear.
Writing clearly and effectively communicates relevant content.
Few if any errors in grammar, spelling, and sentence structure.
10%
5% Information Literacy and Research: Student selects and uses
high-quality, credible references relevant to the assignment
questions.
5% Sources are correctly cited using APA style: The paper
follows APA format and includes a title page, abstract, body of
paper, and reference list.

10. PAPER # 5: 2-3 PAGES
For this assignment, you will research and write an 2-3
PAGERS APA research paper about environmental policies,
including the following:
Choose 1 U.S. environmental law. State the name of the law and
the date the law was passed.
Summarize the major provisions of the law that you chose.
Describe the economic impact of the law. Provide specific
economic data from credible references.
Has the law improved the environment or situation? Provide
specific data from credible references.
Do you think that sound science has proven that global warming
is a credible threat or not?
Should the United States adopt additional policies or laws to
curb greenhouse gas emissions?
What should these policies or laws regulate or encourage?

11. Use specific facts to defend your position.
The following grading rubric will be used for grading:
Grading Rubric
70%
Content Development/Critical Thinking: Student uses relevant
content to fully and accurately answer all questions. Student
demonstrates critical thinking by synthesizing original answers
in student’s own words based on reading and research, and
includes relevant examples.
20%
Organization, Grammar, and Presentation: Organization is clear.
Writing clearly and effectively communicates relevant content.
Few if any errors in grammar, spelling, and sentence structure.
10%
5% Information Literacy and Research: Student selects and uses
high-quality, credible references relevant to the assignment
questions.
5% Sources are correctly cited using APA style: The paper
follows APA format and includes a title page, abstract, body of
paper, and reference list.
Name:
Date:
Instructor’s Name:
Assignment: SCIE211 Phase 5 Lab Report
Title: Identifying Environmental Hazards
Instructions: You will write a 1-page lab report using the
scientific method to answer the following questions:

12. · Why do you see increases and decreases in the invasive
species population?
· What are the implications associated with these alterations to
the ecosystem as a whole?
When your lab report is complete, post it in Submitted
Assignment files.
Part I: Using the lab animation, fill in the data table below to
help you generate your hypothesis, outcomes, and analysis.
Years
Zebra and Quagga Mussel (density/m2)
Phytoplankton (µg/ml)
Zooplankton (µg/ml)
Cladophora Biomass (g/m2)
Foraging Fish (kilotons)
Lake Trout (kilotons)
0
4
7

13. 10
13
16
20
Part II: Write a 1-page lab report using the following scientific
method sections:
· Purpose
· State the purpose of the lab.

14. · Introduction
· This is an investigation of what is currently known about the
question being asked. Use background information from
credible references to write a short summary about concepts in
the lab. List and cite references in APA style.
· Hypothesis/Predicted Outcome
· A hypothesis is an educated guess. Based on what you have
learned and written about in the Introduction, state what you
expect to be the results of the lab procedures.
· Methods
· Summarize the procedures that you used in the lab. The
Methods section should also state clearly how data (numbers)
were collected during the lab; this will be reported in the
Results/Outcome section.
· Results/Outcome
· Provide here any results or data that were generated while
doing the lab procedure.
· Discussion/Analysis
· In this section, state clearly whether you obtained the expected
results, and if the outcome was as expected.
· Note: You can use the lab data to help you discuss the results
and what you learned.
Provide references in APA format. This includes a reference list
and in-text citations for references used in the Introduction
section.
Give your paper a title and number, and identify each section as
specified above. Although the hypothesis will be a 1-sentence
answer, the other sections will need to be paragraphs to
adequately explain your experiment.

15. When your lab report is complete, post it in Submitted
Assignment files.
Name:
Date:
Instructor’s Name:
Assignment: SCIE211 Phase 3 Lab Report
Title: Sources of CO2 Emissions
Instructions: You will need to write a 1-page lab report using
the scientific method centered on the known phenomena of CO2
emissions, related to the following question:
· Would you expect to see an increase or decrease in CO2
emission in the data over the past 40 years? Why?
When your lab report is complete, post it in Submitted
Assignment files.
Part I: In the Web site link given in the assignment description,
you will see an interactive map of the world titled “GMD
Measurement Locations.” You can zoom in and out and move
the map around within the window. In the map, choose 5 sites
that are labeled with a star, which will have CO2
concentrations. Follow the steps below to fill in the data table:
1. Click on a starred location. (One site will not have CO2
concentrations.)
2. Once the starred location opens, on the right side of the
screen, click on the pictured graph “Examples of Data” for CO2.
3. Once the graph opens, make a note of the CO2 concentrations

16. from previous years to present day. Fill in the table below.
4. Repeat steps 1–3 for all other locations.
5. Use these results in your lab report to help you assess CO2
concentration trends from 1990 to 2005.
Location Code
Name of City/Country
CO2 Emissions in 1990
CO2 Emissions in 2005
Part II: Write a 1-page lab report using the following scientific
method sections:
· Purpose
· State the purpose of the lab.

17. · Introduction
· This is an investigation of what is currently known about the
question being asked. Use background information from
credible references to write a short summary about concepts in
the lab. List and cite references in APA style.
· Hypothesis/Predicted Outcome
· A hypothesis is an educated guess. Based on what you have
learned and written about in the Introduction, state what you
expect to be the results of the lab procedures.
· Methods
· Summarize the procedures that you used in the lab. The
Methods section should also state clearly how data (numbers)
were collected during the lab; this will be reported in the
Results/Outcome section.
· Results/Outcome
· Provide here any results or data that were generated while
doing the lab procedure.
· Discussion/Analysis
· In this section, state clearly whether you obtained the expected
results, and if the outcome was as expected.
· Note: You can use the lab data to help you discuss the results
and what you learned.
Provide references in APA format. This includes a reference list
and in-text citations for references used in the Introduction
section.
Give your paper a title and number, and identify each section as
specified above. Although the hypothesis will be a 1-sentence
answer, the other sections will need to be paragraphs to

18. adequately explain your experiment.
When your lab report is complete, post it in Submitted
Assignment files.
Name:
Date:
Instructor’s Name:
Assignment: SCIE211 Phase 4 Lab Report
Title: Analysis of Energy Sources
Instructions: You will write a 1-page lab report using the
scientific method.
When your lab report is complete, post it in Submitted
Assignment files.
Part I: Using the lab animation, fill in the data table below to
gather your data, and use it to help you generate your
hypothesis, outcomes, and analysis.
Energy Source
Fuel (Coal)/Uranium Needed (tons)
CO2 Emissions
(tons)
Sulfur Dioxide and Other Emissions (tons)
Radioactivity mSv (millisievert)
Solid Waste (tons)
Accidents
Quarter 1
Coal

19. Nuclear
Quarter 2
Coal
Nuclear
Quarter 3
Coal

20. Nuclear
Quarter 4
Coal
Nuclear
Part II: Write a 1-page lab report using the following scientific
method sections:
· Purpose
· State the purpose of the lab.
· Introduction
· This is an investigation of what is currently known about the
question being asked. Use background information from
credible references to write a short summary about concepts in
the lab. List and cite references in APA style.
· Hypothesis/Predicted Outcome

21. · A hypothesis is an educated guess. Based on what you have
learned and written about in the Introduction, state what you
expect to be the results of the lab procedures.
· Methods
· Summarize the procedures that you used in the lab. The
Methods section should also state clearly how data (numbers)
were collected during the lab; this will be reported in the
Results/Outcome section.
· Results/Outcome
· Provide here any results or data that were generated while
doing the lab procedure.
· Discussion/Analysis
· In this section, state clearly whether you obtained the expected
results, and if the outcome was as expected.
· Note: You can use the lab data to help you discuss the results
and what you learned.
Provide references in APA format. This includes a reference list
and in-text citations for references used in the Introduction
section.
Give your paper a title and number, and identify each section as
specified above. Although the hypothesis will be a 1-sentence
answer, the other sections will need to be paragraphs to
adequately explain your experiment.
When your lab report is complete, post it in Submitted
Assignment files.
Name:
Date:

22. Instructor’s Name:
Assignment: SCIE211 Phase 2 Lab Report
Title: Speciation
Instructions: You will need to write a 1-page lab report using
the scientific method to answer the following question:
· What would happen if a species of lizard were suddenly split
into 2 groups by a hurricane resulting in the isolation of a small
group of individuals on an island far from the mainland?
When your lab report is complete, post it in Submitted
Assignment files.
Part I: Use the animated time progression of speciation to help
you write up your lab report.
Part II: Write a 1-page lab report using the following scientific
method sections:
· Purpose
· State the purpose of the lab.
· Introduction
· This is an investigation of what is currently known about the
question being asked. Use background information from
credible references to write a short summary about concepts in
the lab. List and cite references in APA style.
· Hypothesis/Predicted Outcome
· A hypothesis is an educated guess. Based on what you have
learned and written about in the Introduction, state what you
expect to be the results of the lab procedures.
· Methods
· Summarize the procedures that you used in the lab. The

23. Methods section should also state clearly how data (numbers)
were collected during the lab; this will be reported in the
Results/Outcome section.
· Results/Outcome
· Provide here any results or data that were generated while
doing the lab procedure.
· Discussion/Analysis
· In this section, state clearly whether you obtained the expected
results, and if the outcome was as expected.
· Note: You can use the lab data to help you discuss the results
and what you learned.
Provide references in APA format. This includes a reference list
and in-text citations for references used in the Introduction
section.
Give your paper a title and number, and identify each section as
specified above. Although the hypothesis will be a 1-sentence
answer, the other sections will need to be paragraphs to
adequately explain your experiment.
When your lab report is complete, post it in Submitted
Assignment files.
Name:
Date:
Instructor’s Name:
Assignment: SCIE211 Phase 1 Lab Report
Title: Human Impacts on the Sustainability of Groundwater

24. Instructions: You will need to write a 1-page lab report using
the scientific method to answer the following question:
· If current human development does not change, will
groundwater sustainability be affected?
When your lab report is complete, post it in Submitted
Assignment files.
Part I: Using the time progression of industrialization and
human development, fill in the data table below to help you
write up your lab report.
Time Period
Impact to Forest
Groundwater Levels
Saltwater Intrusion
Farming
Industrial development
Population
1800s
1900s
2000s

25. Part II: Write a 1-page lab report using the following scientific
method sections:
· Purpose
· State the purpose of the lab.
· Introduction
· This is an investigation of what is currently known about the
question being asked. Use background information from
credible references to write a short summary about concepts in
the lab. List and cite references in APA style.
· Hypothesis/Predicted Outcome
· A hypothesis is an educated guess. Based on what you have
learned and written about in the Introduction, state what you
expect to be the results of the lab procedures.
· Methods
· Summarize the procedures that you used in the lab. The
Methods section should also state clearly how data (numbers)
were collected during the lab; this will be reported in the
Results/Outcome section.
· Results/Outcome
· Provide here any results or data that were generated while
doing the lab procedure.
· Discussion/Analysis
· In this section, state clearly whether you obtained the expected
results, and if the outcome was as expected.
· Note: You can use the lab data to help you discuss the results
and what you learned.

26. Provide references in APA format. This includes a reference list
and in-text citations for references used in the Introduction
section.
Give your paper a title and number, and identify each section as
specified above. Although the hypothesis will be a 1-sentence
answer, the other sections will need to be paragraphs to
adequately explain your experiment.
When your lab report is complete, post it in Submitted
Assignment files.
Review the Learning Resources for the week before preparing
your response to the week 7 discussion. Come to our Thursday
evening class prepared to share your response and discuss the
responses of other students. (If you are unable to attend class
on Thursday, please post your written response to the discussion
question here, and contact the instructor to discuss the reason
for your absence.)
After reading Week 7 Learning Resources, provide an example
of one concept that you learned in the readings. You may
choose any concept or theory that you wish, but you must cite
the source, explain how your example is connected to the
concept, and finally explain why you feel the concept is
important.
Click on “Week 7 Learning Resources” above to access the
required readings for this week. This material relates to media
policy, and will help foster your understanding of the topic in
order to complete discussions, assignments and quizzes. An
overview or directive for each reading follows:
The New Oxford Companion to Law: Freedom of Expression.

27. This short article explores the scope of the concept of freedom
of expression. This includes a discussion of censorship and hate
speech.
21st Century Communication: A Reference Handbook: Chapter
56: Media Uses and Gratifications. This chapter considers the
topic of media uses and gratifications—the “why and how”
regarding media usage. Why do we make the media choices that
we make and what impact do those choices have on us?
21st Century Communication: A Reference Handbook: Chapter
94: Media Economics and Ownership. This chapter considers
the topic of media economics, including the issues of
regulation, consolidation, capital and financing, and new
technologies.
21st Century Communication: A Reference Handbook: Chapter
95: Media Policy and Regulation. This chapter presents
information about media regulation policies, regulatory
oversight bodies and policies, and marketplace and government
forces on media policy.
21st Century Communication: A Reference Handbook: Chapter
97: Media Convergence. Media convergence is a blurred
concept. This chapter considers the various definitions, and how
do we respond to this changing media landscape?
Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice: Media Reform
Movement. This short article talks about the media reform
movement in the United States and how it has attempted to
counter the concentration of ownership of mass media outlets.
The 1996 Telecommunications Act passed by congress with
virtually no public debate, changed the media landscape.
Eventually, in 2003, the FCC attempted sweeping changes that
got the public’s attention.
Encyclopedia of Political Communication: Press Freedom. This
short article discusses the importance of Freedom of the Press
in a democratic society.