5. Social capital is an elastic construct used to describe the benefits one receives from one's relationships with other people. Facebook use was found to be associated with distinct measures of social capital, including : Bridging social capital (which emphasizes the informational benefits of a heterogeneous network of weak ties) Bonding social capital (which emphasizes emotional benefits from strong ties to close friends and family).
6. HYPOPHYTHSIS Young people with lower self-esteem appeared to benefit more from their use of Facebook than those with higher self-esteem. The more people used social network sites, the greater the frequency of interaction with friends, which had positive benefits on respondents' self-esteem and ultimately their reported satisfaction with life.
7. Why we study this? Facebook may play an important role in psychological development The period between ages 18 and 25 as a phase of “emerging adulthood This stage is critical to an individual's adult development because during this time a person builds long term social skills, including those critical for self-dependence, career orientation and relationship maintenance.
8. EXPERIMENT PURPOSE? To test the relationships over time between Facebook use and social capital A combination of survey methods and in-depth interviews with a random sample of 800 undergraduate students at a large Midwestern university. Survey data were collected at two points in time a year apart. (April of 2006,2007) METHOD? General Internet use, Facebook use, and two measures of psychological well-being: self-esteem and satisfaction with life. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES? DEPENDENT VARIABLES? Bridging social capital.
13. RESULTS-association BETWEEN IV AND DV Greater Facebook use leads to increases in bridging social capital. A modified Pearson–Filonz index (known as the ZPF index) was computed to test the significance of the difference in the lagged correlations.
15. RESULTS-association BETWEEN FACEBOOK AND self-esteem Social capital gains from Facebook use were greater for low self-esteem students than high self-esteem students
16. CRITICS Lower self-esteem students might face more difficulties than high self-esteem individuals in approaching people in their classes or their dormitories, and hence might not form the casual relationships so essential to bridging social capital. A social network site that makes it easier for lower self-esteem students to engage with others outside of their close personal networks can therefore be expected to have a larger effect for them than for higher self-esteem students. 2 seconds ago
17. Problems EXPERIMENT: Limitations of Participants Limitations of Time and Resources Reliability Some Relationship on Facebook is Even Shallower than Weak Ties FIELD: Social capital and how it is generated is a notoriously difficult research area to address, and it is unlikely that experimental studies can capture social capital meaningfully outside of game theoretic simulations.
18. Controversy Internet Use and Psychological Well-being Internet use has positive impacts on psychological well-being. Researchers find decreases in perceived loneliness and depression as well as increases in perceived social support and self-esteem following engagement in online chat sessions Angel 2 seconds ago Devil Heavier Internet use was associated with various measures of loneliness, depression and stress. Becauseweaker ties generated online were replacing stronger offline ties with family and friends. 2 seconds ago
19. FUTURE More research should also be done to see if groups other than young adults, and from different cultures are receiving the same social capital benefits that we see here.
20. REFERENCES: History of Psychology, Contemporary Foundations , http://www.learner.org/discoveringpsychology/history/history_nonflash.html Science Encyclopedia, Psychology - A Brief History, Contemporary Psychology, Ten Main Fields Of Psychology,http://science.jrank.org/pages/5565/Psychology.html Charles Steinfield, Nicole B. Ellison, Cliff Lampe, Social capital, self-esteem, and use of online social network sites: A longitudinal analysis, Journal of Applied Developmental PsychologyVolume 29, Issue 6, November-December 2008, Pages 434-445 Facebook, www.facebook.com
