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Risk and Crisis in a Dynamic
Environment: Crisis Communication in a
             Wired World
             EUPRERA 2010
          W. Timothy Coombs
       University of Central Florida
Crisis Process
Visibility of communicative efforts
Crisis response
• Visible to constituents
• Became focus of crisis communication
  research
Focus today
• Once “hidden” aspects of crisis
  communication
• Pre-crisis and Post-crisis
• New risks and communication demands
Evolution via online world
Evolution via online world
Evolution via online world
Evolution: Post-crisis communication
• More visible
• Less attention/interest than crisis phase
• First to become more visible
Evolution: Post-crisis communication
• More memorials
• Online memorials
  – Official and Spontaneous
  – Uni-vocal and Multi-vocal
Online memorials
• Official
   – Operated/sponsored by the organization
• Spontaneous
   – Content sharing sites (Flickr and YouTube)
   – Web sites
   – Social networking sites
   – Blogs
Online memorials
• Uni-vocal: speak with one voice
  – Typical for organization sponsored
  – The Cantor Families Memorial Site 9/11
• Multi-vocal: array of voices
  – Common in spontaneous
  – Allows for individual expression
  – Transocean for Deepwater Horizon victims
Functions of memorial
•   Celebrate or honor persons or events
•   Aid in healing from the crisis
•   Allows for grieving
•   Honor those who helped
Private becomes public
Choices for organization: Risk
• Become involved with memorial
• Level of involvement
  – Links (recognition)
  – Sponsorship/Host
Evolution: Pre-crisis communication
• Semi-private become public
  – Focus on prevention
  – Act upon threats/warning signs
• Growth of the paracrisis
Paracrisis
• Managed much like a crisis
  – Communication interventions
• Stakes can be high as in a crisis
Now public communication
• Response to the challenge
  – Communication about corrective action
  – Reason there is no threat
Online reality

 Constituents
Social media
• Venue where challenges transpire
  – Challenge
  – Response
Paracrisis
• Like a crisis
• Really a threat/warning sign
• Many now handled in public
  – Especially true for challenge crises
  – Rumor crises too
Private becomes public
Visibility is risk
• Actions more visible
• Pressure to be effective
• Danger of not reacting
YouTube Video
• Nestle sought to block it
• Increased awareness
• First charges of censorship
Response = Censorship




"Oh please...it's like we're censoring everything to allow only
positive comments"
Change
• Greater transparency across range of crisis
  communication
Rules
• Avoid being absent
• Go where the action is
• Be there before the crisis
Finale
• New challenges
• Channel selection
• Moving from private to public
   – Errors compounded
• Still driven by strategic thinking (old)

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Risk and Crisis in a Dynamic Environment: Crisis Communication in a Wired World