1. Co-funded by the Intelligent
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1
Heating.

2. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union
2
Overview
 Introduction
Different heating systems
Required room temperatures
Areas in which heating costs could
be saved
 Theory/Measures
Approach
Measures:
a. Rearrange workplace
b. Change behaviour
c. Technical measures
 Exercises
 Guide
Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

3. Co-funded by the Intelligent
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3Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

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Different heating systems
Mobile Immobile
Air Conditioning units
Become increasingly common in heating,
beacuse they recover around two-thirds
of the heat from the outside air; only one-
third of the generated heat is absorbed
electrically („Heat pump principle“) [7]
Hot air heating system
-Integrated ventialtion systems to ensure air
quality
-Possible addition: conditioners with dust
filters, humidifier and air coolers [7]
Paraffin stoves
- Paraffin is saturated hydrocarbons
- Paraffin stoves contain electronical
blower-firing systems [8]
Radiation heater
- Lower temperature, same level of comfort
- Up to 30 % primary energy consumption
- Short heating times [7]
Heat radiators
The heat is discharged through theramal
radiation [7]
Underfloor heating
- Favourable temperature profile through
the hall height - particualry suited for high
halls
-Comfortable feeling of warmth during a
low room temperature [7]
[1, p. 27]
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Required room temperatures
according to DIN/ASR
Space use/activity DIN 12831 ASR6
Manufacturing
space/workshop rooms
(heavy manual work)
15 Celsius 12 Celsius
Exhibition halls/activity in
Question
15 Celsius 17 Celsius
Sedentary Work 20 Celsius 19 Celsius
[1, p. 25]
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Heating energy
requirements can
be lowered by
about 6 % per 1
degree reduction
of the ambient
temperature. [1, p. 25]
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Areas in which heating costs
may be saved
 Condensing boiler
and one low-
temperature heating
boiler
 Heating control
 Heating distribution
 Hall doors
Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

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8Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

9. Co-funded by the Intelligent
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9Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

10. Co-funded by the Intelligent
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Approach
1. Analysis of the
current heating
situation
2. Decision what to
do
3. Planning
measures
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a. Rearrange
workplace
b. Change
behaviour
c. Technical
measures
Measures
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a. Rearrange workplace
 Measure: If heaters are
covered by furniture or cowl:
Change furnishing, remove
panel
 Effect: Up to 5 % less on
heating
 Important: If it is not possible to
place the furniture at another
position within the room, the
gap between furniture and
heater should be at least 5 cm.
[4, 5, 6]
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a. Rearrange workplace
 Measure:
Removal of covering / impediments
from heating appliances
 Effect:
Reduction of electric and of
combustible consumption
Cost reduction and emission
reduction because of reduction of
electric consumption and in use of
combustibles
 Important:
Savings are low - medium [2]
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b. Change behaviour
 Closed passages
 Hall doors
 Clean and effective
heaters
 Heating control/
Thermostats
 Reduced use of heating
 Mobile heating
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Closed passages
 Measure:
Guarantee closed passages between
acclimatized and non acclimatized areas
 Effect:
Reduction of electric and thermal
consumptions
Cost reduction and Emission reduction
because of reduction of electric
consumption and in use of combustibles
 Important:
Savings variable (each interior machine is
designed for that specific area, if more
area is added it keeps working and unable
to heat/cool to confort)
[2]
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 Measures:
Hall doors and skylights shall be
closed during the heating periode in
order to avoid draft and calorific
loss
Alternative: Installation of air gates
or air-veils protecting door openings
Installation of high-speed doors
 Effect:
Avoiding draught and heat losses
 Important:
As soon as windows or doors are
opened rooms shall not be heated
Production facilities shall be
planned in pressure to avoid fugitive
emission
[1, p. 27]
Hall doors
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Clean and effective heaters
 Measure:
Clean and effective heaters
 Effect:
Reduction of electric and thermal
consumptions
Cost reduction and Emission reduction
because of reduction of electric
consumption and in use of combustibles
 Important:
Savings variable (depends on dirt
deposition, if totally dirty systems might
not even work properly and just shut
down)
[2]
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Heating control and
thermostats
 Measure:
Set thermostats to minimum for comfort (20ºC in winter and 25ºC in
summer) - see also slide 5
Install more efficient thermostats with a weather dependent control to
regulate the acclimatization in relation to the outside temperatur
Heat consumers shall be fitted with thermostatic valves to provide an
accurate control of space temperature.
Use of high-efficiency circulation pumps with regulation of pressure
difference, a synchronous motor and a permanent magnets rotor
 Effect:
Reduction of electric and thermal consumptions
Cost reduction and Emission reduction
Low heat loss, high effiency of condensing boiler systems
Accurate controll of space temperature
 Important:
Variable savings (depends on startup temperature, and insulation quality)
Comparison of the the hydraulic resistance / the maximum flow rating at
the heat consumers (hydraulic balancing)
[1, p. 26; 2]
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Reduced use of heating
 Measure:
Use heat only when area is occupied.
Applies for comfort areas, technical areas
such as server rooms, display rooms, etc.
should be analyzed separately
 Effect:
Reduction of electric and thermal
consumptions
Cost reduction and Emission reduction
because of reduction of electric
consumption and in use of combustibles
 Important:
Variable (this measure usually applies to the
night time, in this conditions saving may rise
up to 25% if turned off)
[2]
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Mobile heating
 Measure:
Use mobile heating whenever possible
– it is available from
steam/condensate systems,
compressors, vacuum turbines
 Effect:
Reduction of electric and thermal
consumptions
Cost reduction and Emission reduction
because of reduction of electric
consumption and in use of
combustibles
 Important:
Savings 10-15%
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c. Technical measures
 Boiler
 Compressors
 External wall insulation
 High effiency window
frames
 Limitation of heated /
conditioned volumes
 Air curtains
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Condensing boiler and low-
temperature heating boiler
 Measures:
Condensing boiler shall be prefered instead of
conventional systems
 Effect:
The latent heat freed through condensation is
used in addition to the perceivable, sensitive
heat
 Important:
Checking return temperaures: The use of a
condensing boiler is only useful in combination
with a low-temperature heating network
which has return temperatures under 50
degrees
During the planning of new heating systems,
large heating surfaces shall be provided
[1, p. 24]
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Compressors
 Measure:
Recovery of heat from
compressors
 Effect:
Reduction of combustible
consumption for thermal
use
Cost reduction and
Emission reduction
because of reduction in
use of combustibles
 Important:
Savings are slight
[2]
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External wall insulation
 Measure:
External wall insulation
 Effect:
Reduction of electric and
thermal consumptions
Cost reduction and Emission
reduction beacuse of electric
and thermal consumption
reduction
 Important:
Savings are medium [2]
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High efficiency window
frames
 Measure:
Adoption of high efficiency window
frames
 Effect:
Reduction of electric and thermal
consumptions
Cost reduction and Emission
reduction beacuse of electric and
thermal consumption reduction
 Important:
Savings are low – medium
[2]
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Limitation of heated /
conditioned volumes
 Measure:
Limitation of heated / conditioned
volumes (it can be sufficient to
spread a nylon sheet)
 Effect:
Reduction of electric and thermal
consumptions
Cost reduction and Emission
reduction because of electric and
thermal consumption reduction
 Important:
Savings are low – medium
[2]
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Air curtains
 Measure:
Use air curtains when
passages from climatized
and non climatized areas
are usually and inevitably
open
 Effect:
Reduction of electric and
thermal consumptions
 Important:
Savings are variable -
depends on the size of the
passage and the
temperature on the non
climatized room
[5]
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Exercises.
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Room temperature
 Heating energy
requirements can be
lowered by about…
a. … 6 % per 1 degree reduction of the
ambient temperature
b. … 16 % per 1 degree reduction of the
ambient temperature
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Room temperature
 Heating energy
requirements can be
lowered by about…
a. … 6 % per 1 degree reduction of the
ambient temperature
b. … 16 % per 1 degree reduction of the
ambient temperature
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Condensing boiler and one low-
temperature heating boiler
 Under which
circumstances is the use
of a condensing boiler
only useful?
a. When the room temperature is
under 25 degrees
b. In combination with a low-
temperature heating network
which has return temperatures
under 50 degrees
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Condensing boiler and one low-
temperature heating boiler
 Under which
circumstances is the use
of a condensing boiler
only useful?
a. When the room temperature is
under 25 degrees
b. In combination with a low-
temperature heating network
which has return temperatures
under 50 degrees
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Hall doors
Enter the correct, missing word.
Hall doors and skylights shall be closed during the
heating periode in order to avoid _________.
wind calorific loss rain
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Hall doors
Enter the correct, missing word.
Hall doors and skylights shall be closed during the
heating periode in order to avoid _________.
wind calorific loss rain
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Guide.
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Practical example: Company
EvoBus
 Project: Modernisation of the hall heating system
 Problem:
– Ventilation systems with 500 kW heating power; consistently used in
winter
– Warm under the hall roof/the middle of the hall; the rest of the hall
was very cold
– High heating costs; high rate of complaints and sickness insurance
among the employees
 Measures:
– Planning of a second heating circuit in the form of radiant ceiling
panels
– Not the air of the hall is heated - the ground, the machinery and the
tools as well as the persons themselves absorb the heat
– To achieve this, the radiant panels need comparably low heating
temperatures. This allows the use of hall compressors with heat
recovery circulations to use the waste heat of the compressors
[3]
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Practical example: Company
EvoBus
Modernisation of the hall heating: Savings and
amortisation
ISSUE COSTS
Investment costs 118.000 €
Armortisation Around 1,4 years
Interest rate 3,7 %
Cost savings 91.471 €/year
Energy saving 813.000 kWh/year
[3]
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Repetition.
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Repetition
 Through closed hall doors during the heating periode or
the installation of air gates/air-veils protecting door
openings, heating can be controlled:
 Use of high intensity heaters, low intensity tube heaters or
radiant ceiling panels is reconmended in context to
guarantee an optimum heating distribution:
 Heating control: Flow temperature of the heating circuit
should be kept as low as possible, the use of high-
efficiency circulation pumps with regulation of pressure
difference, a synchronous motor and a permanent
magnets rotor is reconmended:
 Heating energy requirements can be lowered by about
6 % per 1 degree reduction of the ambient temperature:
 Condensing boiler shall be prefered instead of
conventional systems, because they use the primary
energy in the most efficient way.
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Readings
 [1] EnergieAgentur.NRW (2012): Leitfaden. Effiziente Energienutzung in der
Textilveredlung.
 [2] Extra energy saving measures for Artisan Tool.
 [3] Energieeffizienz-im-betrieb (2013): Energiekosten für Heizung senken in
Industrie und Gewerbe. URL: http://www.energieeffizienz-im-
betrieb.net/energiesparen-unternehmen/heizung-energiekosten-senken.html
 [4] Universität Freiburg: Möglichkeiten zum Eneriesparen. URL:
http://www.nachhaltige.uni-freiburg.de/projekte/energiespartipps
 [5] Energieportal24: 10 Tipps fürs Heizen, wie Sie Heizkosten sparen. URL:
http://www.energieportal24.de/fachberichte_artikel_120.htm
 [6] Schornsteinfegerinnung Darmstadt: Allgemeine Tipps zum Sparen wertvoller
Heizenergie. URL: http://www.schornsteinfeger-innung-
darmstadt.de/bilder_he/files/Tipp_8_zum_Energiesparen__Allgemein_.pdf
 [7] Ratgeber Heizen: Welche Arten von Heizsystemen gibt es? URL:
http://www.ratgeberheizen.com/arten-von-heizsystemen.html
 [8] Mic: Der Paraffinofen. URL: http://blogmallorcaimmobilien.com/tag/winter-
auf-mallorca/
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Pictures -1
 Slide 1 – Images_of_Money: Heating a House – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/59937401@N07/5857335756/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 2 – arodseth: Overview – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/alexander256/2259232020/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY-SA 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 3 – adriagarcia: Heater @ Home – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/adriagarcia/2163083676/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY-SA 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 6 – Juan Manuel: Old wall thermometer – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/23920588@N08/2783512454/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 7 – Christine Roth: All Kinds of Money – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/socialspice/5713714866/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 8 – Aprilyn Podd: Theory Books – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/apodd/5064813896/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY-SA 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 9 – Dennis Skley: *grübel* – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dskley/8627475625/sizes/z/in/photostream/ License: CC BY-ND 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 10 – Jahel Aheram: To-Do List – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/aheram/409863531/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY-ND 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/legalcode)
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Pictures -2
 Slide 11 – Peter Kaminski: STOP ALL WAY – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/peterkaminski/1510724/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 12 – Wicker Paradise: Rattan Furniture Loveseat: Tigre Bay Rattan Loveseat – Loveseats & Sofas ...
http://wicker.tw/JeGZDt – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/wicker-
furniture/8151714130/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 13 – Clive Darra: heating & ventilation – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/osde-
info/2230430378/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY-SA 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-
sa/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 14 – Nikki L.: the Book of Changes – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/22865921@N07/2491761454/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 15 – Bryan Mills: Closed Sign in Yellowstone – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/32485328@N00/7175133946/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 16 – stanzebla: Porte du paradis Giverville – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/stanzebla/10615543745/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY-SA 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 17 – Aaron Jacobs: Cleaning I – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/aaronjacobs/100064459/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY-SA 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 18 – Antonio Silveira: My old thermostat and Nest – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/acarlos1000/6727030891/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode)
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Pictures -3
 Slide 19 – Kate Ter Haar: The Heat is On – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/katerha/8117199498/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 20 – John Anes: Fire Pit – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnanes/8622876294/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY-SA 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 21 – Niels Heidenreich: Inside the Yamaha SY77: Perspective, Right – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/schoschie/2258101097/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY-SA 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 22 – Dvortygirl: Candy thermometer detail – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dvortygirl/3090162692/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY-SA 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 23 – Chris Bartle: Air compressor – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/13963375@N00/3388455135/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 24 - Son of Groucho: Wall – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/sonofgroucho/2233679465/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 25 – onnola: Wasserschloss Quilow (1575) - Fenster – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/30845644@N04/8111916376/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY-SA 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 26 – hKIbOhNe: DSC07187 – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/14594627@N00/474462406/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY-SA 2.0
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Pictures -4
 Slide 27 – mikemccaffrey: IMG_2575 Green Curtain – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mccaffry/5318674611/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 28 – Florian Simeth: Arbeiten von zu Hause mit dem Laptop – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/hangout-lifestyle/5865980513/sizes/o/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 29, 31 – Bilal Kamoon: Question Mark Graffiti – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/bilal-
kamoon/6835060992/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 30, 32 – Photocapy: ! – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/photocapy/3834784192/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY-SA 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/legalcode)
 Slide 35 – Son of Groucho: Not Our Guide – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/sonofgroucho/3855487710/sizes/z/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0
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 Slide 38 – Kutchala Sutchi: Repetition, 23.03.'10, Abidjan-Yopougon (4640) – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/kutchala/4469943694/sizes/o/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0
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 Slide 39 – evoo73: Windows – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/evoo73/3702164848/sizes/m/in/photolist-
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44Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary