A Great presentation created by
-- Dr. Anuruddhi Edirisinghe --
This will helps to keep children and people away from the dangerous plants.. and Improve the awareness and knowledge
3. CIRCUMSTANCES OF DATURA POISONING
īĨ Stupefying purpose
ī¤ī Mixed with cigarettes produce state of
unconsciousness to facilitate robbery &
rape
ī¤ mixed with sweets (gingerly) robbery &
rape
īĨ Accidental poisoning: Children
īĨ Suicidal
īĨ Homicidal : very rare
4. DATURA POISONING SIGNS &
SYMPTOMS
Produce characteristic manifestations of
anticholinergic poisoning
ī¤Dryness of mouth
ī¤Dysphagia
ī¤Dysarthria
ī¤Diplopia
Autopsy findings
Seeds in stomach
& non specific
features
ī¤Dry hot and red skin
ī¤Drowsiness leading to coma
ī¤Urinary retention
ī¤Death : respiratory failure or cardiac
arrhythmia
6. g: Children
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF DIVI KADURU
POISONING
īĨ White latex : inflammation of eye
īĨ Ingestion : dryness of mucus
membranes, thirst, dilataiton of
pupils, rapid pulse, psychomotor
disturbances, hallucinogenic
effects.
īĨ Accidental poisonin
īĨ Suicidal poisoning
Autopsy findings
Seeds in stomach
& non specific
features
7. GODA KADURU (BITTER NUT)
Most poisonous: Seed
(although all parts toxics)
Fatal dose: 1-2 seeds
Botanical Name: Strychnos nux vomica
Toxin: alkaloids ( strychnine/ brucine)
8. CIRCUMSTANCES OF GODA KADURU
POISONING
īĨ Strychnine injections are used to kill stray
dogs/ seeds to kill animals, now found in
pesticides (kill rats)
īĨ Suicidal
īĨ Accidental : With traditional medicine
īĨ Homicidal : very rare (mixed with alcohol)
9. STRYCHNINE POISONING
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Autopsy findings No
Macroscopic or
microscopic features
(non specific features) ,
seeds / powder in stomach,
poison in blood & urine
īĨ Bitter taste
īĨ Clnoic (intermittent ) &Tonic
(sustained) seizers
īĨ Affects flexor and extensor muscles
simultaneously
īĨ Facial Muscles : ârisus sardonicusâ ,
âtrismusâ(locked jaw)
īĨ Opisthotornus
īĨ Respiratory distress and death
īĨ Agonizing death because of
consciousness
10. Most poisonous: Fruit
Kernal
Fatal dose: 2 fruits
DIYA KADURU/GON KADURU/WEL
KADURU (SEA-MANGO)
Botanical Name: Cerbera manghas
Toxin: glycocides ( Cerberin/ odollum and thevetin)
11. CIRCUMSTANCES, SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
OF DIYA KADURU POISONING
Autopsy findings
(non specific
features) , kernal
of the fruits
īĨ Suicidal : common in Eastern province
īĨ Accidental , Homicidal : very rare
īĨī Burning sensation and dryness of the mouth,
nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal
pain are early features.
īĨī CVS â Bradycardia, hypotension, 1st and 2nd
degree heart block atrial and ventricular
extrasystoles, ventricular fibrillation. (ECG
Changes)
īĨ Convulsions and coma
12. KANERU (YELLOW OLEANDER)
Most poisonous:
Fruit /seed/ all
parts of tree
Fatal dose: 2 seeds
Botanical Name: Thevetia peruviana
Toxin: Cardiac glycosides, Thevetin A & Thevetin B.
13. CIRCUMSTANCES OF KANERU POISONING
īĨī medicinal plant as a folk medicine in many
countries as an abortifacient, appetizer, and in the
treatment of leprosy, ringworm, malaria and
venereal disease
īĨ Suicidal poisoning is very common
īĨ Before 80s it was not reported. Jaffna 2 girls died
and highly news coverage in 1983.
īĨī Now common in : Anuradhapura, Pollonaruwa
and Kurunegala Districts.
īĨ Accidental : children and adults
īĨ Homicidal : very rare
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SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF
KANERU POISONING
nausea and vomiting due t
irritant effect of the stomac
Vomiting 6 to 12 hours
ingestion implies signific
absorption of the toxin.
Cardio-toxicity caus
bradycardia, varying degrees of
Atropine
heart block and hypotension KaneruTAB
15. KANERU (LORIER BOL,ROSEBAY, AND
ROSE LAUREL)
Most poisonous: Pod/seed/
all parts of tree
Botanical Name: Nerium oleander
Toxin: Cardiac glycosides (oleandrin, nerin )
17. NIYANGALA (GLORI LILY)
Most poisonous: tubers/
all parts of the plant
Botanical Name: Gloriosa superba
Toxin: Alkaloid Colchicine, Gloriosine, Superbine Fatal dose: 10g tubers
18. CIRCUMSTANCES OF NIYANGALA
POISONING
īĨ Native practitioners use tuber for the
treatment of joint pains, bruises, sprains,
colic, chronic ulcers, haemorrhoids, cancer,
impotence, nocturnal seminal emissions ,
leprosy, inducing labour pains and abortion
īĨ Used in rheumatological and immunological
conditions in modern western medicine.
īĨ Accidental poisoning is common( sweet
poptato/ Hulankeeriya
īĨ suicidal and rarely homicidal poisoning
19. Acute
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF NIYAGALA POISONING
Autopsy findings hemorrhagic
Dehydration
Hypovolaemia,
hypotension, shock
GI features:
features in stomach,
intestines, heart, lung, kidney
Toxic 6 to 12
hours of
ingestion.
Niyagala
Poisoning
abdominal pain,
Nausea, Vomiting,
Diarrhoea with blood
Death
Resolve
Granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia,
clotting defects, bleeding Late
Cardic arrythmias, hepatic ,renal
and respiratory failure, DIC
Effects on mitosis:
alopecia
21. CIRCUMSTANCES, SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
OF WETA ENDERU POISONING
īĨ Trees are now grown commercially to obtain bio-
diesal
īĨ The seeds have been used as abortificients,
anthelmintics and purgatives
īĨ Poisoning is mainly seen in children as accidental
īĨī nausea, vomiting, epigastric and abdominal pain and
diarrhoea resulting in dehydration, electrolyte
imbalance, cramps and shock.
īĨī Other features of poisoning are hypoglycaemia,
retinal haemorrhages, haematuria, convulsions, and
shock. Hepatic necrosis and acute renal failure have
been reported
23. CIRCUMSTANCES OF BEHETH ENDERU
POISONING
īĨ Oil is used for medical purposes: laxative , treatment of
infection and inflammation, in treatment of cancer
īĨī industrial raw material for lubricants, paints, coats,
cosmetic products
īĨī press cake of the seeds: after detoxification used as
additive in organic fertilizer, or animal feed (animal
poisonings: dog/horse/sheep)
īĨ Accidental ingestion of seeds by children
īĨ Occasional suicide ingestion of seed extracts / oil
(oral/parental/ IM)
īĨ As a weapon of bio-terrorism ( aerosol) (IM)
24. BEHETH ENDERU POISONING
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF
īĨ Symptoms seen after 3 to 20 h
īĨ Abdominal pain, emesis, diarrhea with or without
blood, muscular pain
īĨī cramps in the limbs, circulatory collapse, dyspnoea
and dehydration
īĨ Late features: liver and kidneys dysfunction
īĨ injected ricin: pain at the injection site, muscular
necrotizing,
īĨī Autopsy: haemorrhagic necrosis in intestines and
heart and oedema in lungs
26. Clinicalfeatures:3phases
CIRCUMSTANCES, SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
OF HONDALA POISONING
īĨ Closely resembles to passion fruit, responsible for
accidental poisoning among children.
âĸ vomiting, fever, restlessness, dizziness,
1 disorientation, abdominal pain and diarrhoea.
âĸ necrotising enteritis leading to diarrhoea with
blood and mucus, abdominal colic, tenderness
2 over the right iliac fossa
âĸ myocarditis, tender hepatomegaly and
3 retinopathy occurs 2-3 weeks after ingestion
28. CIRCUMSTANCES, SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
OF OLINDA POISONING
īĨ Used in native medicine and ornamental makings
īĨ Accidental poisoning by children
īĨī Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal cramps,
haematemesis and melaena.
īĨ Hepatotoxicity
īĨī Haemaglutination, haemolysis of red cells,
hypovolaemic shock and direct toxic effect on kidneys
lead to acute renal failure.
īĨ Retinal haemorrhages, anaemia, hypoglycaemia,
drowsiness and convulsions
30. CIRCUMSTANCES, SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
OF KAPUM KIRIYA POISONING
īĨ It is called âkapum kiriyaâ because latex of the plant is
applied to wounds and ulcers.
īĨ In Africa the leave juice is used for Oral candidiasis
īĨ Commonly seen as accidental poisoning in children
īĨ Clinical features are: nausea, vomiting, abdominal
pain, diarrhoea, shock
īĨ Known to mimic organo-phosphatepoisoning
31. KEPUNKIRIYA/ BUDADAKIRIYA/DADAKIRIYA
/AUSTRALIAN ASTHMA WEED/ THAWA THAWA
Botanical Name: Euphorbia hirta
Toxin: Alkaloid xanthoramine, gallic
acid, phenolic substance
Clinical effects: Nausea, vomiting, and drowsiness, Observe for
cyanide poisoning features
35. CALADIUM/ ANGELâS WINGS/
RATHU HABARALA/ MAL HABARALA
Botanical Name: Caladium andreanum
Toxin: â Calcium oxalate crystals
Most poisonous: stems Decorative plants
in houses
36. CIRCUMSTANCES, SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
OF HABARALA, KETALA, RATU
HABARALA POISONING
īĨ Mainly accidental poisoning in children due to chewing of
the stems
īĨ The name âdumbcaneâ is used as the cane-like stem can
cause instant âdumbnessâ when chewed
īĨ profuse salivation, irritation, burning sensation and pain of
the oral cavity
īĨ Oedema of the tongue, lips, cheeks, salivary glands and
throat lead to disphagia and aphonia.
īĨ Ingestion of large amount lead to necrotic oesophagitis and
haemorrhagic gastritis.
īĨ Death may result from laryngeal oedema.
īĨ Bradycardia, tremos, muscle twitching and trismus,
convulsions and acute renal failure also can occur
38. CIRCUMSTANCES, SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
OF TOBACCO POISONING
īĨ Accidental in children and adults
īĨ Mild: salivation, nausea, dizziness,
drowsiness, headache, vomiting,
diarrhoea, hand tremor
īĨ Serious: mental confusion, circulatory
collapse (shallow rapid pulse, âcold
sweatingâ), convulsions, loss of
consciousness, cardiac arrest, respiratory
paralysis
39. SADIKKA/NUT MEG
Botanical Name: Myristica fragrans
Toxin: â Myristicin &
elemicin
Most poisonous: seeds
(nutmeg), aril (mace)
Fatal dose: adults 3 seeds, children 2
40. CIRCUMSTANCES, SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
OF NUTMEG POISONING
īĨ Used as a spice and has many medicinal use
īĨ Poisoning is usually accidental in children
īĨī symptoms are usually seen within 3-6 hours
after ingestion
īĨī intoxication resembles anti-cholinergic
intoxication ie profuse sweating, flushed
face, dry mouth, burning epigastric pain,
tachycardia, restlessness, giddiness,
hallucinations