Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) are procedures to treat coronary artery disease. PTCA involves inserting a catheter with a tiny balloon into a blocked coronary artery. The balloon is inflated to compress fatty deposits and enlarge the artery. Sometimes a stent is placed to keep the artery open. CABG is used for more severe or multi-vessel disease. A healthy blood vessel is grafted around blockages to bypass them and restore blood flow to the heart. Both procedures help relieve chest pain but CABG has better long-term outcomes for more extensive disease.

1. PercutaneousTransluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) By Theodoros Adoni 1151

3. Greek word ‘αγγείο’ = vesseland ‘πλαστός’ = moulded

5. High amounts of certain fats and cholesterolin the blood

6. High blood pressure

7. High amounts of sugar in the blood due to insulin resistance or diabetes

8. Symptoms - Chest pain (angina pectoris) - due to lack of oxygen - Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath - Sweating or “cold sweat” - Fullness, indigestion, or choking feeling (may feel like “heartburn”) - Nausea or vomiting - Dyspnea - Excessive fatigue

11. The balloon is inflated once the catheter has been placed into the narrowed area of the coronary artery

12. The inflation of the balloon compresses the fatty tissue in the artery and makes a larger opening inside the artery for improved blood flow

14. A tiny, expandable metal coil (stent) is inserted into the newly opened area of the artery to help keep the artery from narrowing or closing again

16. PTCA Procedure monitoring Fluoroscopy (a special type of x-ray that obtains real- time moving images) assists the physician in the location of blockages in the coronary arteries as the contrast dye moves through the arteries.

19. CABG procedure -Incision is made in chest wall (sternotomy) -Bypass grafts are harvested -In the case of "off-pump" surgery, the surgeon places devices to stabilize the heart -In the case is "on-pump", surgeon connects heart lung machine to patient and delivers cardioplegia to stop the heart

21. - Internal defibrillator paddles used to induce pulse

22. The End